English

Grammar
in Use A self-study
reference
and practice
book for
intermediate
students of
English
with answers

THIRD
ED ITIO N

Raymond Murphy
PUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE
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CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
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© Cambridge University Press 2004

This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception

and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without
the written permission of Cambridge University Press.

First published 2004

Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge

Typeface Sabon 10/13pt System QuarkXPress® [KAMAE]

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN 0 521 53289 2 English Grammar in Use with answers

ISBN 0 521 53290 6 English Grammar in Use
ISBN 0 521 53762 2 English Grammar in Use with CD Rom
Contents
Thanks vii
To the student viii
To the teacher x

Present and past

1 Present continuous (I am doing)
2 Present simple (I do)
3 Present continuous and present simple 1 (I am doing and I do)
4 Present continuous and present simple 2 (I am doing and I do)
5 Past simple (I did)
6 Past continuous (I was doing)

Present perfect and past

7 Present perfect 1 (I have done)
8 Present perfect 2 (I have done)
9 Present perfect continuous (I have been doing)
10 Present perfect continuous and simple (I have been doing and I have done)
11 How long have you (been) … ?
12 For and since When … ? and How long … ?
13 Present perfect and past 1 (I have done and I did)
14 Present perfect and past 2 (I have done and I did)
15 Past perfect (I had done)
16 Past perfect continuous (I had been doing)
17 Have got and have
18 Used to (do)

Future
19 Present tenses (I am doing / I do) for the future
20 (I’m) going to (do)
21 Will/shall 1
22 Will/shall 2
23 I will and I’m going to
24 Will be doing and will have done
25 When I do / When I’ve done When and if

Modals
26 Can, could and (be) able to
27 Could (do) and could have (done)
28 Must and can’t
29 May and might 1
30 May and might 2
31 Have to and must
32 Must mustn’t needn’t
33 Should 1
34 Should 2
35 Had better It’s time …
36 Would
37 Can/Could/Would you … ? etc. (Requests, offers, permission and invitations)

IF YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH UNITS YOU NEED TO STUDY, USE THE STUDY GUIDE ON PAGE 326. iii
 If and wish
38 If I do … and If I did …
39 If I knew … I wish I knew …
40 If I had known … I wish I had known …
41 Wish

Passive
42 Passive 1 (is done / was done)
43 Passive 2 (be done / been done / being done)
44 Passive 3
45 It is said that … He is said to … He is supposed to …
46 Have something done

Reported speech
47 Reported speech 1 (He said that …)
48 Reported speech 2

Questions and auxiliary verbs

49 Questions 1
50 Questions 2 (Do you know where … ? / He asked me where …)
51 Auxiliary verbs (have/do/can etc.) I think so / I hope so etc.
52 Question tags (do you? isn’t it? etc.)

-ing and the infinitive

53 Verb + -ing (enjoy doing / stop doing etc.)
54 Verb + to … (decide to … / forget to … etc.)
55 Verb (+ object) + to … (I want you to … etc.)
56 Verb + -ing or to … 1 (remember/regret etc.)
57 Verb + -ing or to … 2 (try/need/help)
58 Verb + -ing or to … 3 (like / would like etc.)
59 Prefer and would rather
60 Preposition (in/for/about etc.) + -ing
61 Be/get used to something (I’m used to …)
62 Verb + preposition + -ing (succeed in -ing / accuse somebody of -ing etc.)
63 Expressions + -ing
64 To … , for … and so that … (purpose)
65 Adjective + to …
66 To … (afraid to do) and preposition + -ing (afraid of -ing)
67 See somebody do and see somebody doing
68 -ing clauses (Feeling tired, I went to bed early.)

Articles and nouns

69 Countable and uncountable 1
70 Countable and uncountable 2
71 Countable nouns with a/an and some
72 A/an and the
73 The 1
74 The 2 (school / the school etc.)
75 The 3 (children / the children)
76 The 4 (the giraffe / the telephone / the piano etc., the + adjective)
77 Names with and without the 1
78 Names with and without the 2

iv IF YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH UNITS YOU NEED TO STUDY, USE THE STUDY GUIDE ON PAGE 326.
 79 Singular and plural
80 Noun + noun (a tennis ball / a headache)
81 -’s (your sister’s name) and of … (the name of the book)

Pronouns and determiners

82 Myself/yourself/themselves etc.
83 A friend of mine My own house On my own / by myself
84 There … and it …
85 Some and any
86 No/none/any Nothing/nobody etc.
87 Much, many, little, few, a lot, plenty
88 All / all of most / most of no / none of etc.
89 Both / both of neither / neither of either / either of
90 All, every and whole
91 Each and every

Relative clauses
92 Relative clauses 1: clauses with who/that/which
93 Relative clauses 2: clauses with and without who/that/which
94 Relative clauses 3: whose/whom/where
95 Relative clauses 4: extra information clauses (1)
96 Relative clauses 5: extra information clauses (2)
97 -ing and -ed clauses (the woman talking to Tom, the boy injured in the accident)

Adjectives and adverbs

98 Adjectives ending in -ing and -ed (boring/bored etc.)
99 Adjectives: a nice new house, you look tired
100 Adjectives and adverbs 1 (quick/quickly)
101 Adjectives and adverbs 2 (well/fast/late, hard/hardly)
102 So and such
103 Enough and too
104 Quite, pretty, rather and fairly
105 Comparison 1 (cheaper, more expensive etc.)
106 Comparison 2 (much better / any better / better and better / the sooner the better)
107 Comparison 3 (as … as / than)
108 Superlatives (the longest, the most enjoyable etc.)
109 Word order 1: verb + object; place and time
110 Word order 2: adverbs with the verb
111 Still, yet and already Any more / any longer / no longer
112 Even

Conjunctions and prepositions

113 Although / though / even though In spite of / despite
114 In case
115 Unless As long as Provided/providing
116 As (As I walked along the street … / As I was hungry …)
117 Like and as
118 As if / as though / like

IF YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH UNITS YOU NEED TO STUDY, USE THE STUDY GUIDE ON PAGE 326. v
 119 For, during and while
120 By and until By the time …

Prepositions
121 At/on/in (time)
122 On time and in time At the end and in the end
123 In/at/on (position) 1
124 In/at/on (position) 2
125 In/at/on (position) 3
126 To/at/in/into
127 In/at/on (other uses)
128 By
129 Noun + preposition (reason for, cause of etc.)
130 Adjective + preposition 1
131 Adjective + preposition 2
132 Verb + preposition 1 to and at
133 Verb + preposition 2 about/for/of/after
134 Verb + preposition 3 about and of
135 Verb + preposition 4 of/for/from/on
136 Verb + preposition 5 in/into/with/to/on

Phrasal verbs
137 Phrasal verbs 1 Introduction
138 Phrasal verbs 2 in/out
139 Phrasal verbs 3 out
140 Phrasal verbs 4 on/off (1)
141 Phrasal verbs 5 on/off (2)
142 Phrasal verbs 6 up/down
143 Phrasal verbs 7 up (1)
144 Phrasal verbs 8 up (2)
145 Phrasal verbs 9 away/back

Appendix 1 Regular and irregular verbs 292

Appendix 2 Present and past tenses 294
Appendix 3 The future 295
Appendix 4 Modal verbs (can/could/will/would etc.) 296
Appendix 5 Short forms (I’m / you’ve / didn’t etc.) 297
Appendix 6 Spelling 298
Appendix 7 American English 300

Additional exercises 302

Study guide 326

Key to Exercises 336

Key to Additional exercises 368
Key to Study guide 372

Index 373

vi IF YOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH UNITS YOU NEED TO STUDY, USE THE STUDY GUIDE ON PAGE 326.
Unit
1 Present continuous (I am doing)
A Study this example situation:
Sarah is in her car. She is on her way to work.
She is driving to work.
This means: she is driving now, at the time of speaking.
The action is not finished.
Am/is/are + -ing is the present continuous:
I am (= I’m) driving
he/she/it is (= he’s etc.) working
we/you/they are (= we’re etc.) doing etc.

B I am doing something = I’m in the middle of doing it; I’ve started doing it and I haven’t
finished yet:
Please don’t make so much noise. I’m trying to work. (not I try)
‘Where’s Mark?’ ‘He’s having a shower.’ (not He has a shower)
Let’s go out now. It isn’t raining any more. (not It doesn’t rain)
(at a party) Hello, Jane. Are you enjoying the party? (not Do you enjoy)
What’s all that noise? What’s going on? (= What’s happening?)
The action is not necessarily happening at the time of speaking. For example:
Steve is talking to a friend on the phone. He says:

I’m reading a really good book at the moment.

It’s about a man who …

Steve is not reading the book at the time of speaking.

He means that he has started it, but has not finished it yet.
He is in the middle of reading it.

Some more examples:

Kate wants to work in Italy, so she’s learning Italian. (but perhaps she isn’t learning
Italian at the time of speaking)
Some friends of mine are building their own house. They hope to finish it next summer.

C
C You can use the present continuous with today / this week / this year etc. (periods around now):
A: You’re working hard today. (not You work hard today)
B: Yes, I have a lot to do.
The company I work for isn’t doing so well this year.

D
D We use the present continuous when we talk about changes happening around now, especially
with these verbs:
get change become increase rise fall grow improve begin start
Is your English getting better? (not Does your English get better)
The population of the world is increasing very fast. (not increases)
At first I didn’t like my job, but I’m beginning to enjoy it now. (not I begin)

2 Present continuous and present simple Æ Units 3–4 Present tenses for the future Æ Unit 19
Exercises Unit 1
1.1 Complete the sentences with the following verbs in the correct form:
get happen look lose make start stay try work
1 ‘You ’re working hard today.’ ‘Yes, I have a lot to do.’
2 I for Christine. Do you know where she is?
3 It dark. Shall I turn on the light?
4 They don’t have anywhere to live at the moment. They with friends
until they find somewhere.
5 Things are not so good at work. The company money.
6 Have you got an umbrella? It to rain.
7 You a lot of noise. Can you be quieter? I
to concentrate.
8 Why are all these people here? What ?

1.2 Put the verb into the correct form. Sometimes you need the negative (I’m not doing etc.).
1 Please don’t make so much noise. I ’m trying (try) to work.
2 Let’s go out now. It isn’t raining (rain) any more.
3 You can turn off the radio. I (listen) to it.
4 Kate phoned me last night. She’s on holiday in France. She (have)
a great time and doesn’t want to come back.
5 I want to lose weight, so this week I (eat) lunch.
6 Andrew has just started evening classes. He (learn) German.
7 Paul and Sally have had an argument. They (speak) to each other.
8 I (get) tired. I need a rest.
9 Tim (work) this week. He’s on holiday.

1.3 Complete the conversations.

1 A: I saw Brian a few days ago.
B: Oh, did you? What’s he doing these days? (what / he / do)
A: He’s at university.
B: ? (what / he / study)
A: Psychology.
B: it? (he / enjoy)
A: Yes, he says it’s a very good course.

2 A: Hi, Liz. How in your new job? (you / get on)

B: Not bad. It wasn’t so good at first, but better
now. (things / get)
A: What about Jonathan? Is he OK?
B: Yes, but his work at the moment. (he / not / enjoy)
He’s been in the same job for a long time and to get
bored with it. (he / begin)

1.4 Complete the sentences using the following verbs:

begin change get increase rise
1 The population of the world is increasing very fast.
2 The world . Things never stay the same.
3 The situation is already bad and it worse.
4 The cost of living . Every year things are more expensive.
5 The weather to improve. The rain has stopped, and the wind isn’t
as strong.