Dist.

:-Ainbala-133104
SNGIN,
GFSS Thermo-Process
Engineers
METHOD
OF
FLOW
MEASUREMENT -Email:
[email protected]
"ERIM) Coni.:-815¿3-88226
SAHA,
IGC
HSIIDC; MEASUREMEN
Sector-II,
FLUW
#-24, OF
METHOD
 and steady
those or.
devices.
obstruction
THERMO
PROESS
ENGINEERS measurement theverymoredirect
directliquid dis loss
of calculated water "Positive rate.
a the made or The for under
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of longer
measured of
measurements. used
quantity
then calibration desired the
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using Pressure of
devices meter. is
is
categories, generally of indication
measurement
drop. be a rate is category Meters".
may collect by
area flow for "Differentialaccuracy
presSure flowobtained
weight Meters
waterto employed two are
variable of the an Pressure
discharge
average
necessary meters" as
like accurate precise under high called
under
meters. the be taken
second
and compare liquid The isfrequently Differential
may falling consistentlyfall
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is
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and
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generaly
pipeline. given and
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measured, intervals
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out INTRODUCTION improved flow
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find flow condition. dropalso
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OBJECTIVE rate weight
of
the time meters types
devices
rate is liquid applications
study To To To weighing placement are
flowweighing
tank "Positive pressure
flow precise
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To of
AIM2.1 2.2
2.3 The a
other Flow flow Such These
in
OF
METHOD
1, 3.
2
THERMO
PROCESS
ENGINEERS fluidthe the the throat,
convergent dischargea the the
of calledorifice
passes
reducing
and of that
and of
of determinations
holethrough
flow determination the
created as the
the principal developed
a and circular
of by by measuring of
rate that,is section discharge
followed
cone. area
difference a
the is the is the
samesectional with
inlet
divergent
venturimeter
measuring sections
enables
enables section the for plateThe
the
pressure formula: used axis.
across
gradually 2gH
aja, -a)Ja on cross
two difference
circular Jai'-a)
formula. aja0/2gH
let
difference works pipe
for the. device
in difference the the
usedof passes, the flat
an reducing with
a by meter pressure the
principal and another between pipe. a
Q=Co*
device flow pipe.of
pressure calculatedQ=C,* of concentric
by
consists pressure consists MEAS
throat Orifice the calculated
of the by
a The is the
differencthrough
is area throughcylindrical meter i.e.
meter: pipe. of
Venturl meter be of meteris
METER venturimetermeasurement the can
FLOW meter: pipes.
Orifice meter measurement whichbe
section
knowing discharges
THEORY: a discharge
venturi discharge orifice
pressure orifice can
through a through
venturi orifice, FLOW
cone, meter
cross
By An An
A A OF
METH
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PROCESS
THERMO usedtubeflowupward. moveforces the pipe nos.)the
closemeterofcomparison
commonly The of a area the (6 conduct
conical to drag position formula:
is of tapping
edge.movefloat demonstration
variable end
the to
transparent the directdischarge below:
very upperto that The the manometer
Pressure
floatcauses rate.
flowby
suchforce. calculated venturimeter,
the
is given
the
meter, circular permits
vertical and tubebuoyancy meter the meters. is
causes the differential
at tapping
area sharp tubethe of meter meter
be flow whichfitted meter meter meter
of in indication P2gV Pw of flow meter
variable and conical can for consists pressure venturi
consists
a pointand is
series, these venturi Orifice
Orifice Rota
tube Roatameter set-up valve to Rota
having weight
as It of a an connected
through of oi
conical to
bottom
set-up
in control of of of of of
known as experimental throat outlet outlet MEA
device.
float rise the Q=Aw*C installed positioninlet inlet inlet
taken
will by through The
also a ofbottom A flow the the the the the the
measurement the apparatus.another.and The at at at at at at
is floatbalanced
is plate the
DESCRIPTION
there enters
Rotameter, tube
discharge provided
Rotameter: The present orifice vary experiment.
the the with FLO
which flowupward.
just in
float circuit to = = =
enters
The The and one line are HË H2 H3 H4 Hs H
The flowin The are OF
MET
ENGINEERS Earth
THERMO
PROCESS return are test handto
tubes, in up
readings up level level. tubes
with the casetubes
tubes:
non piezometer.
of water the the
Amp outlet thatpiezometer piezometerflow.
inlet it.
different decrease
all
close till
5-15 air In minimumlevel.
the in
dust. in limit. then
source
Hz, the maximum level
and at water in to
50 from of the
providedmeasured leveland pump
observing
adopter rate at supply
Volts, of in
free the oncesection towardshand
water. up. flow head level
220 valve water
it set valve
make the set Operated):high pressure overwater.
to the the until
Phase, cleanto the the the reaching
Fill). through
belowrelease by
and pump at increase 7.4
with at by the from pressure
Single (Initial Floor
Space
required. UP: apparatus providedperformed
flow the given
pressurize and
UTILITIES
REQUIRED: tank Connect
the
hand (Manually air/vwater
flowis
supply
SET the
increasing
may tubes 7.3 limit.
measured
to MEA
supply: Supply water instruction air
the step
Drain THE
connectlon. Floor (NRV) reducinglevel
experiment water the small
the to the Increase Repeat.
Power Water INSTALLING
the PUMP limit.
Clean valve thusthe used OpenStart
of Apply
Fill observing
the any
by of is
HAND section
Whentaken Follow FLO
pump
Some
6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 7.1 7.2 7.3 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5
OF
MET
7. 8.
 meters set up
ENGINEERS at of set
supply help to the set
section gently water water.
the
8. the the flow to
section water limit. Rotameter. LPH
Rotameter,
From
with of supply from
test end pump of the of
SS observing
rate rates meter:
in of start Sectíon of water
the water
gívenend hand flowN of points flow
at help circulated Venturi
the section,Test given
theto measure differentthe
instruction
at
through
tubes the different
operating
6.
to stop 2gH
aja;Jla'-a)
given
test
valve
with (hË-h) (Ca)
1 valve. for
piezometer
then that 100(Q)
tubes
for over (H)
co-efficient
discharge
Qa
per Valvefrom watercontrol sectíon
at
experiment Discharge,
by and head is flow-control
so Differences,
as piezometer Q=
STARTING
PROCEDURE:
Control
air pressure experiment minute (Qa): H= Co=
up and minute PROCEDURE
CLOSING
of the test static of
EXPERIMENT
PROCEDURE: the 9.1.4
Regulate
flow
set Theoretical Co-efficient
the HOwrelease
flow.
Some
valve
in
a
the the
the a
Discharge
the MEASUREM
air the Pressure
section. levelfor throughthe Repeat for
calculate
9tnstall
9112Open Bypass Apply
Notefrom
When OpenWait drains.
the Wait up.
To
Actual11.2.1 11.2.2 11.2.3
9.1.3 9.1.5 9.1,6 9.1.7 9.1.8 9.2.1 9.2.29.2.3
FORMULA
To
11.111.2
FLOW
9.1 9.2
OF
METHOD
THERMO
PROCESS
ENGINEERS
(Orifice)
meter:
(Orifice)
meter: m
flow(H,): /0.000616
(H): (HR):
Orifice meter, m
acroSs meter,
Va-a) meter, /0.028
(Venturi)
(C) Venturi m
for 11.3.2Theoretical
Discharge,(Q) drop h-h2 orifice hg-ha Rotahs-h6 100
100 (Venturi)
11.3.1
Pressure
Difference,(H):
co-etflcient dischargeQt 100
pressure
across across across &
CACULATIONS:
OBERVATION m'
0.000154
m² m²0.000154
h-h, =
Cd H= Hg= 9.81
m/sec Kg/m
1000
100 Q H,= 0.000616
m 0.014
m 0.014
m
of drop drop drop 0.028
the
Co-efficient
the MEASURE
H= Pressure Pressure Pressure
calculate calculate
11.3.3 11.5.1 11.5.2 11.5.3 12.1
DATA =
To do Pw
To FLOW
11.3 11.5
OF
METHO
12.
THERMO
PROCESS
ENGINEERS
Ca
ofCoefficient ofCoefficient
Ca
discharge, discharge,
Reading,
R
Roatameter oERORR
Float (LPH)
Theo.
Discharge Theo.
Discharge
(m'/sec) Coefficient:(m'/sec)
Coefficient:
tubes, h6
(Mfsec)
Discharge
hs Actual
Piezometer
cm
of
water meter meter
ha (M²/sec)
Discharge (M³/sec)
Discharge Calibration
12.2
OBSERVATION
TARE: TABLE Ventuari
Actual Orifice Actual
h3 Ca Qa
in
Pressure CALCULATION For
R, LPH
h2 For Meter
(m) 12.3.2. (m)
H.
12.3.1
Rota
S.NO, S.NO. S.NO.
SN 2. 3. For
12.3.3
12.3
 water. water
waier.
of of
m
m of meter,
meter meter,
water m
Rotaineter,
meter m/sec.
Discharge,
Theoretical
venturi of orifice Venturi points
gravity.
venturi cm m²/sec. Reading,
manometer LPH.
cm.
reading, Rotameter
m.
m. of orifice, across tWo
across
in across
to difference
of m' m²
water
density of
pipe,throat due Discharge,
Actual
between
orifice, throat dropdropdrop
pipe,
of
area of of ofacceleration
diameter
diameterPressure
diameter PressurePressuredistance
Pressure
off of
area area
NOMENCLATURE:
Pw di d2 do Ho H, Qa Q
H h L R
13.
THERMO
PROCESS
ENGINEERS
McGraw
ed.,
Metric ,ed.
6th including
Engineers",
INTRUCTIONS: 2005.
Mechanics
SI For Delhi,
dust 1st methods
from Machines", fluid N.
ed.,
MAINTENANCE and
free "Experiment 15n
"Hydraulic
water.
apparatus "Fluid 1994. Machines", MEA
clean Wylie, NY,
1981.
Hill,
NY, Seth,
keep Holman,
Hill,
& use Streeter,
Hydraulic
PRECAUTIONS MCGrawN
&
AlwaysAlways REFERENCES: Modi
J.P. FLO
15.2 15.3
14.1 14.2 15.1
OF
TH
ME
15.
14.