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Chapter 2-Switching

The document discusses circuit switching and packet switching, which are two common switching techniques used to connect communicating devices. Circuit switching establishes a dedicated communication path between sender and receiver, while packet switching divides messages into packets that are routed individually and reassembled at the destination.

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17 views

Chapter 2-Switching

The document discusses circuit switching and packet switching, which are two common switching techniques used to connect communicating devices. Circuit switching establishes a dedicated communication path between sender and receiver, while packet switching divides messages into packets that are routed individually and reassembled at the destination.

Uploaded by

ingawalemadhura5722
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2.

5 Switching
• In large networks, there can be multiple paths from
sender to receiver. The switching technique will
decide the best route for data transmission.
• Switching technique is used to connect the systems
for making one-to-one communication
• Switching is process to forward packets coming in
from one port to a port leading towards the
destination.
• A communication system may include number of
switches and nodes.
.
• These are the two most common switching methods,
that are used to connect the multiple communicating
devices with one another.
1. Circuit switching and
2. Packet switching
• The key difference between circuit switching and
packet switching is that Packet Switching is
connectionless, whereas circuit switching is
connection-oriented.
1. Circuit switching
• Circuit switching is defined as the method of switching
which is used for establishing a dedicated communication
path between the sender and the receiver.
• The link which is established between the sender and the
receiver is in the physical form.
• Circuit switching was designed for voice applications.
Analog telephone network is a well-known example of
circuit switching. Before a user can make a call, a virtual
path between caller and callee is established over the
network.
• Bandwidth is fixed in this type of switching.
• Circuits can be permanent or temporary. Applications
which use circuit switching may have to go through three
phases:
• Establish a circuit
• Transfer the data
• Disconnect the circuit
•
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Circuit Switching
• Advantages
1. The bandwidth used is fixed.
2. The quality of communication is increased as a dedicated communication channel is
used.
3. The rate at which the data is transmitted is fixed.
4. While switching, no time is wasted in waiting.
5. It is preferred when the communication is long and continuous.
• Disadvantages
1. Since dedicated channels are used, the bandwidth required is more.
2. The utilization of resources is not full.
3. Since a dedicated channel has been used, the transmission of other data becomes
impossible.
4. The time taken by the two stations for the establishment of the physical link is too
long.
5. Circuit switching is expensive because every connection uses a dedicated path
establishment.
6. The link between the sender and the receiver will be maintained until and unless the
user terminates the link. This will also continue if there is no transfer of data taking
place.
2. Packet Switching
• Packet switching is defined as the connectionless
network where the messages(packets) are divided
and grouped together at receiver end.
• Each packet is routed from the source to the
destination as individual packets.
• The actual data in these packets are carried by the
payload.
• When the packet arrives at the destination, it is the
responsibility of the destination to put these packets
in the right order.
•
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Packet Switching
• Advantages
1. There is no delay in the delivery of the packets as they are sent to the destination as
soon as they are available.
2. There is no requirement for massive storage space as the information is passed on to
the destination as soon as they are received.
3. Failure in the links does not stop the delivery of the data as these packets can be
routed from other paths too.
4. Multiple users can use the same channel while transferring their packets.
5. The usage of bandwidth is better in case of packet switching as multiple sources can
transfer packets from the same source link.

• Disadvantages
1. Installation costs of packet switching are expensive.
2. The delivery of these packets becomes easy when complicated protocols are used.
3. High-quality voice calls cannot use packet switching as there is a lot of delay in this
type of communication.
4. Connectivity issues may lead to loss of information and delay in the delivery of the
information.
• Difference between Circuit Switching and Packet Switching

Circuit Switching Packet Switching


Each packet containing the
A circuit needs to be established to
information that needs to be
make sure that data transmission
processed goes through the dynamic
takes place.
route.
There is no uniform path that is
A uniform path is followed throughout
followed end to end through the
the session.
session.
It is most ideal for voice
It is used mainly for data transmission
communication, while also keeping
as the delay is not uniform.
the delay uniform.

Without a connection, it cannot exist, A connection is not necessary, as it


as the connection needs to be can exist without one too. It needs to
present on a physical layer. be present on a network layer.

Data is processed and transmitted at


Data to be transmitted is processed
the source as well as at each
at the source itself.
switching station.

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