Davao de Oro State College Montevista Branch

BACHELOR OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEPARTMENT

COURSE REQUIREMENT FOR PRELIM

IN PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

Submitted to:

DEJIE MIKE ANTHONNIE N. FAILAGAO

Course Instructor

Submitted by:

CARLA JANE G.DAGAMI

NORIEL TABARANZA
BSE 1A

APRIL 08,2023
 Table of Contents
Page No.

Linear Model
Aristotle’s Model
Laswell’s Model
Shannon Weaver Model
Berlo’s S-M-C-R Model
Transactional Model
Barnlund’s Transactional Model
Helical Model
Becker’s Mosaic Model
Interactive Model
Schramm’s Interactive Model
References
(Serve as a guide. Do not include this page)
Synthesis Outline

Introduction:
1. Brief Overview:
● Begin with a concise introduction providing an overview of the communication
model.
● Mention the significance of studying the communication model for
understanding the complexities of human interaction.
● A clear and concise statement presenting your synthesis's main idea or
argument. This often emerges from the connections you find among the
sources.
2. Body Paragraphs:
● Discuss the model thoroughly from various sources. Instead of merely
summarizing individual sources, synthesis involves critically analyzing and
evaluating them. You identify common themes, trends, or patterns across the
sources.
● Present your idea about the model and provide contexts to develop more
informative and concrete ideas. Rather than presenting sources one by one,
synthesis involves integrating them into your argument seamlessly. You might
compare and contrast sources, highlight similarities or differences, or identify
trends and patterns.
● An effective synthesis essay is well-organized, with a logical flow of ideas.
You may choose to organize your synthesis chronologically, by themes, or in
a way that best supports your argument.
3. Closing:
● Conclude by emphasizing the richness and diversity in communication
models.
● Encourage ongoing exploration of communication theories to enhance
understanding and effectiveness in various communication contexts.
 ARISTOTLE’S MODEL

Alexander the great’s teacher, a Greek philosopher and writer Aristotle born in
Stagira Nort Greece developed one of the first linear communication models before
300 B.C. And that is known as Aristotle’s model of communication. The philosophy
of rhetoric, or the art of persuasion, serves as the foundation for the communication
design approach. Compared to previous models, this linear model places more
emphasis on public speaking than on interpersonal communication, Aristotle defined
ethos, pathos, and logos as the three components of a convincing speech. In a
communication paradigm, ethos is the quality that determines a speaker's credibility.
It is a well-known fact that a speaker lacking credibility will be unable to sway the
audience and will not be able to convince or amaze them. Pathos facilitates the
speaker's ability to engage the audience by evoking a range of emotions, including
confidence, happiness, grief, and rage. Aristotle's communication model is thought
to have a key component called logos, which stands for logic. The reasoning for the
speech will also have an impact on the audiences.

Aristotle's communication model is primarily speaker-centered, emphasizing

the importance of speech and the speaker Aristotle's model of communication is still
relevant today, guiding people in different communication settings (e.g., public
speaking, advertising, politics) to craft persuasive and engaging messages. In the
digital age, Aristotle's principles (ethos, pathos, logos) are even more important
because of information overload and short attention spans. Furthermore, in this
synthesis we may examine each component of Aristotle's model in more detail.
Ethos, ethos refers to the credibility and trustworthiness of the person speaking. It's
about showing that you know what you're talking about, are honest, and care about
your audience. When you have ethos, people are more likely to believe and trust
what you have to say. You can build ethos by being an expert in your field, being
truthful and genuine, and showing that you understand and care about your
audience's needs. By establishing ethos, you can increase the persuasiveness of
your message and build a strong relationship with your audience.

Pathos, when you use pathos, you try to connect with your audience by
making them feel emotions. Greek philosopher Aristotle knew that emotions strongly
influence our choices. He believed that speakers should use emotions wisely to
convince people. By using vivid descriptions, stories, and powerful language,
speakers can trigger feelings that match the beliefs and desires of the audience.
This emotional connection can make people more willing to agree with the speaker
and take actions.

Logos, logos refers to the logical side of a message, relying on reason, proof,
and sound reasoning. As Aristotle noted, creating convincing arguments backed by
facts, examples, and logical deductions is crucial. A persuasive message using
logos

is clear, consistent, and convincing, allowing the audience to understand,

assess, and agree with the speaker's point of view. By using logos, communicators
can build a strong case that can withstand questioning and persuade the audience
of the validity of their argument.

According to (Larson, 1992: 61)., “These ancient descriptions of what is or is

not likely to persuade seem remarkably contemporary. We could argue that most
contemporary persuasion research is derived from the work of Aristotle in some way
or another”. Nevertheless, communicators must build credibility, connect
emotionally, and present strong arguments to stand out and engage audiences.

In addition, Aristotle’s also emphasizes how crucial it is to modify

communication tactics for different audiences and situations. To effectively develop
convincing messages that resonate in today's diverse and interconnected world, it is
imperative to understand the demographics, interests, and cultural of your audience.
In today's world, when communication happens through a variety of channels like in-
person meetings, digital platforms, and mass media, the capacity to express ideas
clearly and convincingly is still very valuable.

In conclusion, Aristotle's communication model still provides insightful

understandings of the fundamentals of persuasion and successful communication in
modern settings. In today's changing communication landscape, individuals and
organizations can improve their capacity to engage, persuade, and inspire others by
taking into account ethos, pathos, and logos and tailoring communication methods to
the requirements and preferences of their audience. His focus on the interaction of
the speaker, message, and audience encourages us to recognize the richness and
complexity of communication, acknowledging that fluency in language is not enough
to achieve effective communication; one must also possess a grasp of social
dynamics, human psychology, and cultural subtleties. By embracing this richness,
we can aim to have more significant and powerful encounters that promote
cooperation, understanding, and connection in a variety of settings and groups.
 LASWELL’S MODEL

American political scientist Harold Dwight Lasswell developed the Lasswell's Model
of communication. This 1948 model is a linear structure designed to answer five
main questions about the communication process: Who Says What, In Which
Channel, To Whom, And With What Effect? The sender, message, channel,
audience, and effect are the five essential elements of communication that these
questions highlight. The goal of Harold Lasswell's 1948 book The Structure and
Function of Communication in Society is to arrange the "scientific study of the
process of communication." Lasswell's model is one of the oldest and most
prominent models of communication. "A linear and Uni-directional process," "a one-
way process," "an action model," a "classic" media theory, "widely used
segmentation of the communication process," and "a simple, linear, and potentially
hypodermic conceptualization of communication" are just a few of the descriptions
that have been made of it.

The Lasswell Model of communication is a basic framework for analyzing and

understanding the different elements of the communication process Who: Identifies
the message's originator or sender. This could apply to a person, a team, an
institution, etc.
Says What: Describes the information or message being conveyed. It could consist
of knowledge, concepts, viewpoints, etc.
Which Channel: Indicates the communication channel that the message is sent
through. Face-to-face interactions, print, radio, television, and social media are a few
examples of this.
To Whom: Refers to the message's recipient or audience. It might be a single
person, a team, the broader audience, etc.
With What Effect: focuses on how the message affects or has an effect on the
audience. This could involve modifications to beliefs, attitudes, or actions, or it could
just involve how the message is received.
The simplicity and adaptability of Lasswell's concept are among its advantages. By
dissecting communication into its constituent parts the communicator, the message,
the channel, the audience, and the effect offers a fundamental framework for
studying communication. To comprehend the dynamics of communication, this
paradigm has been widely applied in a variety of domains, including political science,
media studies, and marketing. lasswell's concept, meanwhile, has come under for
oversimplifying the communication process. It frequently ignores the subtleties and
complexity of interpersonal communication. For example, it ignores context,
feedback, and the contribution of noise to communication.
 Furthermore, it presents communication as a one-way process, which isn't often the
case, particularly in contexts that require interpersonal and participatory
communication.

According to Gennaro, C (2024) No matter the context, message content, sender

and recipient, or medium of communication, Lasswell's paradigm may be applied to
practically any kind of communication. has only five components and lacks the
subtlety of some other models; however, many people find Lasswell's interpretation
to be appealing due to its simplicity and ease of comprehension.

Although Lasswell's model offers a helpful foundation for understanding

communication, more thorough models that account for the nuances of human
interaction n should be added. By taking into account elements like feedback,
context, and the dynamic character of communication exchanges, models like the
Transactional model and Shannon-Weaver's communication model provide a more
comprehensive understanding of communication. Consequently, in order to have a
more comprehensive understanding of communication processes, various
frameworks need be employed in addition to Lasswell's model, which is useful due to
its simplicity.

In conclusion, Laswell's model helps us understand human interactions by focusing

on key elements it emphasizes sender , message, channel , receiver and feedback .
By understanding these components communicators can enhance their messaging ,
choose the right channels , comprehend their audience and promote effective
dialogue and engagement .and It shows how these elements interact, making it
easier to understand communication processes. This knowledge can help us
improve our communication strategies in different situations. And serves as a
reminder of the fundamental principles of communication , enabling us to foster
clarify , mutual understanding and productive idea exchange also remains a useful
tool for anyone interested in improving their communication skills in today's rapidly
evolving world
 SHANNON WEAVER MODEL

The Shannon–Weaver model is a foundational stands is a foundational paradigm in

the field of communication .created by Shannon and Warren Weaver .
This theory was first presented in the 1948 work A Mathematical Theory of
Communication.as one of the first and most significant communication models. Five
fundamental components—a source, a transmitter, a channel, a receiver, and a
destination—are used to explain communication. The original message is produced
by the source. The message is converted by the transmitter into a signal, which is
then transmitted across a channel. The signal is converted back into the original
message by the receiver, which then sends it to the intended recipient.and a vital
component of human connection, communication is necessary for sharing
information, expressing ideas, and promoting understanding. sheds light on the
difficulties involved in sending messages from a sender to a recipient. substantially
changed our knowledge of communication processes, especially in the field of
information theory. The Shannon-Weaver Model provides an organized method to
evaluate and enhance the efficacy of communication in a variety of circumstances by
dissecting communication into its fundamental elements.

According to the Shannon-Weaver Model, communication is a linear process that

involves a number of essential components, including sender, message, channel,
receiver, noise, and feedback. The idea of information transmission, in which a
message is encoded into an appropriate format and sent to a recipient over a
selected channel, is the fundamental component of this concept. The message
originates with the sender, who encodes ideas or thoughts into a symbolic format.
The content being communicated can be spoken, nonverbal, written, or visual, and it
is represented by the message. A channel is the means by which a message is
communicated, whether it be by a phone call, written text, in-person interaction, or
digital platforms. However, noise can interfere with the message's integrity or clarity
during transmission in the form of disruptions or interference. There are many
different things that can produce noise, including mechanical malfunctions, linguistic
hurdles, and physical distractions. After receiving the message, the recipient
decodes it and makes an effort to understand its meaning in light of contextual clues,
past knowledge, and cultural background. Recipient accuracy in discerning the
intended message through noise and distortion is critical to effective communication.
Furthermore, feedback is essential to the communication process because it allows
the sender to reply to the recipient, closing the loop and promoting understanding
between the parties.
 SHANNON WEAVER MODEL

The Shannon–Weaver model is a foundational stands is a foundational paradigm in

the field of communication .created by Shannon and Warren Weaver .
This theory was first presented in the 1948 work A Mathematical Theory of
Communication.as one of the first and most significant communication models. Five
fundamental components—a source, a transmitter, a channel, a receiver, and a
destination—are used to explain communication. The original message is produced
by the source. The message is converted by the transmitter into a signal, which is
then transmitted across a channel. The signal is converted back into the original
message by the receiver, which then sends it to the intended recipient.and a vital
component of human connection, communication is necessary for sharing
information, expressing ideas, and promoting understanding. sheds light on the
difficulties involved in sending messages from a sender to a recipient. substantially
changed our knowledge of communication processes, especially in the field of
information theory. The Shannon-Weaver Model provides an organized method to
evaluate and enhance the efficacy of communication in a variety of circumstances by
dissecting communication into its fundamental elements.
BERLO’S S-M-C-R MODEL

● Investigate the Source-Message-Channel-

Receiver (S-M-C-R) elements in Berlo’s
Model.
● Examine the feedback loop and its
importance in communication effectiveness.
● Compare Berlo’s Model with other linear
models.
 BARNLUND’S TRANSACTIONAL MODEL

● Explore the dynamic nature of communication in Barnlund’s Transactional

Model.
● Analyze the role of context and noise in the communication process.

● Discuss how this model addresses the complexities of interpersonal

communication.
 HELICAL MODEL
● Examine the Helical Model emphasizing the spiral nature of communication.

● Discuss how communication evolves over time and through repeated

interactions.
● Evaluate its applicability in understanding long-term relationships.
 BECKER’S MOSAIC MODEL

● Explore the concept of communication as a mosaic in Becker’s Model.

● Discuss the integration of various elements and factors influencing

communication.
● Analyze how this model captures the multifaceted nature of communication.
SCHRAMM’S INTERACTIVE MODEL

● Examine Schramm’s Interactive Model, highlighting the emphasis on

encoding and decoding.
● Discuss the reciprocal nature of communication in the interactive process.

● Explore how this model accounts for the subjective interpretation of

messages.
 References

Hitesh ,B. (2023)Aristotle’s model of communication Market,91.

https://www.marketing91.com/aristotles-model-of-communication Janse , B.
(2018). Aristotle Model of Communication. Retrieved
https://www.toolshero.com/communication-methods/aristotle-model-of-
communication

Gennaro, C(2024)What is Laswell’s model of communication

https://fourweekmba.com/laswell-communication-model
Patty, M.(2022)Laswell’s model of communication
https://www.toolshero.com/communication-methods/laswell-communication -model