Preamble

(Veterinary Surgery and Radiology)

The subjects under surgical discipline have undergone sea change, except for ‘Tenets of
Halstead’, since the introduction of ‘Key Hole’ surgery and newer imaging techniques. In
fact, the technological advancements demand creation of two separate disciplines - Surgery
and Imaging. Further, to start with there is need of separate speciality courses involving
Imaging, Orthopaedics, Anaesthesia and Ophthalmology. Scope also exists for addition of
Avian Surgery, etc. However, in view of BSMA guidelines, efforts have been made to tune
the Syllabus as per the existing infrastructure catering futuristic societal needs and to
remain relevant and purposeful.
To encourage clinical practice in the veterinary clinics, courses on clinical practice,
each at M.V.Sc. and Ph.D. level have been made mandatory. To focus on learning of research
methodology, scientific thinking, planning and experimentation, a course on special problems
has been introduced.
The new and restructured postgraduate curricula and syllabi in Surgery and Radiology
contains several innovative and practically applicable courses. Credit hours for Clinical
Practice have been increased from 0+3 to 0+4, as maximum time of the postgraduate scholars
of clinical disciplines is spent in clinics. Small animal anaesthesia (2+1) and Large animal
anaesthesia (2+1) courses are merged together and a new course on Veterinary Anaesthesia
and Analgesia (2+1) is proposed. Small Animal Soft Tissue Surgery (2+1) and Large Animal
Soft Tissue Surgery (2+1) courses are merged together and a new course Soft Tissue Surgery
(2+1) is proposed. As per the advances in Ophthalmology and Dentistry, Veterinary
Ophthalmology and Dentistry (1+1) is bifurcated into two separate courses, Veterinary
Ophthalmology (1+1) and Veterinary Dentistry and Oral Surgery (1+1) to give more emphasis
in two different distinct subjects.
New Courses were added to M.V.Sc. degree programme to gain thorough knowledge in
areas like Anaesthesia of zoo, wild, exotic and laboratory animals (1+1), Urogenital Surgery
(1+1), Cardiovascular Surgery (1+1). Clinical Case Conference (0+1) was added to encourage
the students to do thorough case study of a single patient. In few states of India, certain
species of animals are more prevalent, hence, we have developed species specific courses
for those dealing with majority of cases in that particular region. Thus two new courses,
viz., Camel surgery (1+1) and Elephant surgery (1+1) are added.
At Ph.D. level, courses on experimental surgical techniques in animals (1+1) is deleted
in view of new CPCEA guidelines of unnecessary experimentation on animals to be
discouraged and new methods be designed for teaching. Few new courses in Ph.D. degree
programme were added, viz., Advances in orthopaedics (2+1), Reconstructive and
regenerative surgery (1+1), Cardiovascular surgery (1+1), Special problems in diagnostic
imaging (0+2), Advances in soft tissue surgery (2+1), Advances in veterinary ophthalmology
(1+1), Veterinary surgical oncology (1+1), Clinical case conference (0+1), Advances in
radiology (2+1) and Advances in diagnostic imaging techniques (2+1). These new courses
are designed in such a way to keep pace with the development of new technologies and
recent advances in these areas.

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Under existing clinical ecosystem, the implementation of the new and restructured
postgraduate course curricula is expected to build clinical knowledge and skill portfolio of
the students so as to enhance their employability and marketability as multi-service
providers with hands on skills and comprehensive knowledge of the entire subject after
Masters degree. The doctorates should, in turn, prove as specialists, in the field of their
specialization.

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Course Title with Credit Load

M.V.Sc. in Veterinary Surgery and Radiology

Course Code Course Title Credit Hours

VSR 501 Clinical Practice-I* 0+3

VSR 502 Clinical Practice-II* 0+3
VSR 503 Principles of Surgery* 2+1
VSR 504 Anaesthesia And Analgesia* 2+1
VSR 505 Diagnostic Imaging Techniques* 2+1
VSR 506 Soft Tissue Surgery 2+1
VSR 507 Orthopaedic Surgery* 2+1
VSR 508 Anaesthesia of Zoo, Wild, Exotic and Laboratory Animals 1+1
VSR 509 Urogenital Surgery 1+1
VSR 510 Ophthalmology 1+1
VSR 511 Dentistry and Oral Surgery 1+1
VSR 512 Camel Surgery 1+1
VSR 513 Elephant Surgery 1+1
VSR 587 Clinical Case Conference 0+1
VSR 588 Special Problem in Radiology 0+2
VSR 589 Special Problem in Anaesthesia 0+2
VSR 590 Special Problem in Surgery 0+2
VSR 591 Masters Seminar 1+0
VSR 599 Masters Research 0+30

*Core Courses

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Course Contents
M.V.Sc. in Veterinary Surgery and Radiology

I. Course Title : Clinical Practice-I

II. Course Code : VSR 501
III. Credit Hours : 0+3
IV. Aim of the course
To learn techniques and procedures in anaesthesia, diagnostic imaging techniques
and surgery
V. Practical
Basic requirements and designing surgical and general veterinary hospital, Developing
different proformas required in hospital facility, Assessing surgical patients and
documentation, Preparation of surgical team and duties of team members, Surgical
suite maintenance and sterilization, Acquaintance with different equipment like
inhalant anaesthesia machine, Radiography systems, Ultrasonography, Endoscopy,
Electro-surgery, Cryosurgery and physiotherapy equipment, Client management,
Public relations, code of conduct, Management of surgical affections, Hospital database
management, Attending surgical cases, Disaster management.

I. Course Code : VSR 502

II. Course Title : Clinical Practice-II
III. Credit Hours : 0+3
IV. Aim of the course
To learn techniques and procedures in anaesthesia, diagnostic imaging techniques
and surgery
V. Practical
Application of different equipment like inhalant anaesthesia machine, Computerized
radiography system, Ultrasonography, Electro-surgery, Cryosurgery, Physiotherapy
and endoscopy and Physiotherapy equipment, Client management and Counselling,
public relations, Code of conduct, Management of surgical affections, Hospital
management, Database management, Attending surgical cases, Disaster management.

I. Course Title : Principles of Surgery

II. Course Code : VSR 503
III. Credit Hours : 2+1
IV. Aim of the course
To learn basic and advance principles and standards of practice in veterinary surgery
V. Theory
Unit I
Classification of wounds, wound healing, mechanism of wound repair, local and
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systemic factors affecting wound healing, current concepts of inflammation and

management, thermal, electrical and chemical injuries and their management.
Unit II
Asepsis, sterilization and disinfection and principles and practice of antimicrobial
therapy in surgical patients.
Unit III
Shock, classification, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring, surgical
stress and its systemic effects, haemorrhage and haemostasis, acid-base balance,
fluid therapy and blood transfusion, metabolism of the surgical patient.
Unit IV
Principles and clinical applications of laser surgery, cryosurgery, electrosurgery,
physiotherapy.
Unit V
Minimally invasive surgical procedures which includes laproscopy and endoscopy,
principles of microscopic surgery-vessel and nerve anastomosis, application of
computers in surgery.
VI. Practical
Identification and handling of surgical instruments, preparation of surgical pack,
surgical team and surgical patients, surgical facilities and equipment, introduction
to clinical skill laboratory, practice of different suturing patterns and repair of
different wounds, using drains, bandages and bandaging techniques, monitoring of
traumatized surgical patient, operation theatre conduct.

I. Course Title : Anaesthesia And Analgesia

II. Course Code : VSR 504
III. Credit Hours : 2+1
IV. Aim of the course
To gain the basic and practical knowledge of principals of companion and farm
animals anaesthesia and pain management
V. Theory
Unit I
Introduction and history of anaesthesia, General consideration for anaesthesia in
animals, Properties of ideal anaesthetic agent, Types of anaesthesia, Anaessthetic
triad, Preanaesthetic evaluation of patient and selection of anaesthesia.
Unit II
Preanaesthetic medication (anticholinergics, sedatives, tranquilizers, alpha-2 agonist,
narcotics), Muscle relaxants and neuromuscular blocking agents.
Unit III
General anaesthetics and factors affecting their uptake, Distribution and metabolism;
Injectable anaesthetic agents (properties, dosage and usage); Combinations of
injectable agents and neuroleptanalgesia, Inhalation anaesthetic agents (properties,
methods of administration, dosage and usages), Inhalation anaesthesia equipment
and breathing circuits, artificial ventilation.
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Unit IV
Post-operative care of the surgical patient, operating room emergencies, cardio-
pulmonary arrest and resuscitation, monitoring of anaesthetic recovery.
Unit V
Local anaesthetics, their mechanisms, local and regional nerve blocks, spinal
analgesia, intravenous regional anaesthesia, peri-operative and post-operative pain
and its management.
VI. Practical
Inhalation anaesthesia equipment, circuits and vaporizers, artificial ventilation,
use of various pre-anaesthetic and anaesthetic agents in small and large animals,
anaesthetic triad, balanced anaesthesia, total intravenous anaesthesia, regional
and local nerve blocks using local anaesthetics, alpha-2 agonists and their
combinations in domestic animals, monitoring of anaesthesia, reversal of sedation
and analgesia induced by alpha-2 agonists, practice of anaesthesia in clinical cases;
record keeping in anaesthesia and euthanaia.

I. Course Title : Diagnostic Imaging Techniques

II. Course Code : VSR 505
III. Credit Hours : 2+1
IV. Aim of the course
To learn the basic principles and gain practical knowledge of diagnostic imaging
techniques and interpretation
V. Theory
Unit I
Regulations regarding establishment and handling of x-ray units. Requirements
for establishment of x-ray units, conventional and digital x-ray machine, x-ray
films, Cassettes, screen, x-ray production, Qualities of x-rays, Image formation and
dark room procedures, Image plate, Formation of radiograph technique chart,
Artifacts and their prevention, Radiographic quality Contrast, Density and details),
radiographic accessories, radiographic positioning for different organs/ parts in
small and large animals.
Unit II
Plain and contrast radiographic techniques of small and large animals, fluoroscopy/
C-arm, principles of radiographic interpretation,
Unit III
Principles of radiation therapy, medical radioisotope curves, radiation laws and
regulations. Radiation hazards and monitoring of radiographic exposure to personnel
and protection.
Unit IV
Basic physics of ultrasound waves and image formation, scanning principles of
ultrasound, transducers, equipment controls, modes of display, terminology used for
echotexture and USG artifacts, application of ultrasound in small and large animals.
Unit V
Doppler techniques echocardiography and its application, introduction to nuclear
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imaging techniques, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging,

positron emission tomography technique.
VI. Practical
Acquaintance with imaging equipment, computed radiography and digital
radiography systems, dark room processing techniques and x-ray film handling,
formulation of technique chart with fixed kVp and variable mAs, radiographic
artefacts and their prevention, basics of radiographic interpretation of diseases,
PACS, radiography positioning of different regions in domestic animals, contrast
radiographic techniques, interpretation of radiographs, practice of ultrasonographic
imaging and report writing.

I. Course Title : Soft Tissue Surgery

II. Course Code : VSR 506
III. Credit Hours : 2+1
IV. Aim of the course
To learn about soft tissue surgical skills and various surgical affections of different
body systems in companion and farm animals
V. Theory
Unit I
Skin, adnexa, integument, appendages, horn, tail, sinus affections of equine and
bovine, teat affections, principles of plastic and reconstructive surgery, different
types of skin grafts.
Unit II
Surgical approaches/ affections of ear, oral cavity, larynx and pharynx, salivary
glands, oesophagus, abdomen, rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, stomach,
intestines, rectum, anus, liver and biliary system, pancreas and porto-systemic
shunts.
Unit III
Abdominal hernia, diaphragmatic hernia, perineal hernia, ventral, femoral and
umbilical hernia, ritcher hernia, hiatal hernia, omental hernia, pre-pubic tendon
rupture, use of biological and synthetic grafts for hernia repair, laparoscopic repair
of hernia.
Unit IV
Principles of thoracic surgery, Functional anatomy of respiratory system, diseases
of upper and lower respiratory system, functional anatomy of cardiovascular system
and common affections of heart.
Unit V
Affections of pituitary, adrenals, thyroid, parathyroid glands, Principles of
neurosurgery and common surgical affections of nervous system and special sense
organs.
Unit VI
Haemolymphatic system, bone marrow, spleen, tonsils, lymph nodes and lymphatics,
thymus.

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VII. Practical
Practice of various surgical techniques of skin and adnexa, alimentary system,
hernias, respiratory system, affections of horn, tail and teat, endoscopy techniques,
instrumentation, use of rigid/ flexible endoscopes in companion and farm animals.

I. Course Title : Orthopaedic Surgery

II. Course Code : VSR 507
III. Credit Hours : 2+1
IV. Aim of the course
To learn about various affections of bones, joints, tendons, ligaments and foot and
their treatment in companion and farm animals.
V. Theory
Unit I
Bone structure and function, growth, Response to injury, Fractures and luxations,
classification of fracture, Fracture healing.
Unit II
Biomechanics of fracture healing, Considerations for selection of fixation techniques,
Treatment of fractures of different bones in companion and farm animals, Diseases of
bone.
Unit III
Various affections of the joints, ligaments and tendons and their treatment.
Unit IV
Spinal affections and injury to axial skeleton.
Unit V
Conformation of the limb, anatomy of hoof, anatomical, conformational and
pathological causes of lameness and allied surgical conditions of fore and hind
limbs, rehabilitation of orthopaedic patient.
VI. Practical
Application of Plaster of Paris cast, fiberglass cast, Roberts Jones bandage, modified
Schroeder Thomas splint, Coaptation splint, sling application, practice of IM pinning,
wiring, bone plating, inter locking nailing, external skeletal fixation, arthrotomy,
tenotomy, examination of limbs for lameness, desmotomy, nerve blocks, injections
in joints, operations for arthritis, hoof surgery and corrective shoeing.

I. Course Title : Anaesthesia of Zoo, Wild, Exotic and Laboratory

Animals
II. Course Code : VSR 508
III. Credit Hours : 1+1
IV. Aim of the course
To learn about basic and practical knowledge of chemical immobilization, sedation
and anaesthesia of laboratory animals, exotic, captive and free ranging wild
animals.

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V. Theory
Unit I
General consideration in chemical restraint of captive and free ranging wild animals,
handling of birds with minimum stress, physical examination, blood sampling, crop
washes, faecal sampling.
Unit II
Methods of administration of anaesthesia in captive, free ranging animals, birds
and laboratory animals.
Unit III
Local and general anaesthesia in exotic species, wild animals, birds, zoo animals
and laboratory animals.
Unit IV
Anaesthetic emergencies and complications.
Unit V
Diagnostic interpretation, haematology and biochemistry analysis, avian diagnostic
endoscopy
VI. Practical
Familiarization with capture and anaesthetic equipments, local anaesthetic
techniques, use of various preanaesthetic and anaesthetic agents in laboratory
animals, birds, monitoring of patient during general anaesthesia, familiarization of
various diseases in exotic birds like tumours, foreign body, crop stasis, crop tear,
crop fistula, toe necrosis, feather cyst, excision of uropygieal gland, rhinolith,
pharyngostomy, ingluviotomy, ventriculotomy and orthopedic injuries, visits to zoos
and wild life sanctuaries for practical on wild and zoo animals.

I. Course Title : Urogenital Surgery

II. Course Code : VSR 509
III. Credit Hours : 1+1
IV. Aim of the course
To learn about various surgical affections of urinary and genital tract and their
treatment in companion and farm animals.
V. Theory
Unit I
Surgical anatomy of urinary and reproductive tract in male and female animals,
Congenital anomalies of organs of male and female urinary and reproductive system.
Unit II
Principals of urinary tract surgery, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and surgical
management of affections of kidney, ureter, urinary bladder and urethra, Medical
dissolution and prevention of Canine uroliths, Feline urologic syndrome, Surgical
management of urolithiais in ruminants and its prevention, management of
uroperitoneum and renal failure.
Unit III
Pathogenesis, Clinical symptoms, Diagnosis and surgical management of vaginal
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and uterine prolapse, Rectovaginal fistula, Pneumovagina, Vaginal tumours,

pyometra, Cysts of Gartner’s canal and vestibular glands.
Unit IV
Surgical conditions of penis, Prepuce, Prostate and testicles, Cryptorchidism,
Inguinal and scrotal hernia, Affections of teat and udder.
Unit V
Indications, Techniques and postoperative complications of episiotomy, Ovariectomy,
ovariohysterectomy and caesarean section, Pyomerta and its surgical treatment.
Unit VI
Castration, Vasectomy, Cauda epididymectomy and penile deviation.
VI. Practical
Hands-on-training of techniques of centesis of urinary bladder in companion and
farm animals, Different types of catheters used in urogenital surgery, Retrograde
catheterization of urethra and urinary bladder, Normograde catheterization of urethra
on clinical cases of urinary retention, Pudendal nerve block for penis examination
in ruminants, Diagnostic techniques and surgical management of the affections of
kidney, Ureters, Urinary bladder, Urethra, Uro-hydropropulsion, Restraint and
anaesthesia for urogenital tract surgery, Cystotomy, Tube cystostomy, Nephrotomy,
Ureterocolostomy, Urethrotomy, Urethrostomy, Castration, Vasectomy, Penile
deviation, Epididymectomy, Amputation of penis, Episiotomy, Ovariohysterectomy,
Tubectomy, Caesarean section, Management of phimosis, Paraphimosis, Venereal
granuloma, Vaginal and uterine prolapse, Rectovaginal fistula and pneumovagina,
Bladder and uterine marsupialization.

I. Course Title : Ophthalmology

II. Course Code : VSR 510
III. Credit Hours : 1+1
IV. Aim of the course
To learn basic principles and gain practical knowledge of diagnosis and treatment
of diseases of eye.
V. Theory
Unit I
Anatomy and physiology of eye and its adnexa, Ophthalmic examination and
diagnosis, Diagnostic instrumentation, Anaesthesia and surgery.
Unit II
General consideration for eye surgery in companion and farm animals, Therapeutic
agents for eye diseases and surgery of eye lids, lacrimal apparatus, naso-lacrimal
duct.
Unit III
Diseases of conjunctiva, cornea, sclera, iris, orbit, lens, vitreous and aqueous humor,
retina and optic nerve, eye tumours, enucleation, exenteration.
Unit IV
Ocular manifestations of systemic diseases.
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Unit V
Neuro-ophthalmology and ocular emergencies
VI. Practical
Ophthalmic instrumentation, examination of the eye and its adnexa, anaesthesia,
preparation of patient, suture materials for eye surgery, canthotomy, tarsorrhaphy,
keratoplasty, anterior chamber paracentesis, flushing of naso-lacrimal duct,
iridectomy, phacoemulsification and implantation of foldable lens, surgical treatment
of entropion and ectropion, cherry eye, Schirmer tear test, use of fluorescein dye
in corneal ulcer, glaucoma surgery, eye worm removal.

I. Course Title : Dentistry and Oral Surgery

II. Course Code : VSR 511
III. Credit Hours : 1+1
IV. Aim of the course
To learn the basic and practical knowledge of diagnosis and treatment of diseases
of teeth and oral cavity.
V. Theory
Unit I
Anatomy, development of teeth (odontogenesis), dentition and ageing of different
species.
Unit II
Clinical examination of oral cavity, Dental anesthesia and pain management, Dental
radiography.
Unit III
Diseases of oral cavity and teeth, Congenital and developmental anomalies of oral
cavity, Abnormal tooth eruption, Irregular wear of teeth in companion and farm
animals, occlusion and malocclusion, Mandibular fracture, Malformation of mandible,
maxilla (cleft palate).
Unit IV
Acquired diseases of teeth (halitosis, dental caries, fracture of teeth, dental materials
and dental radiography), Oronasal fistula, Maxilla and mandibular fractures repair,
Orthodontics, Tumors and Other acquired condition of oral cavity.
Unit V
Exodontics, Restorative dentistry, Periodontal disease, Tooth extraction, Gum
diseases. Endodontics, Pulpectomy, Root Canal therapy (RCT), Current techniques
in dentistry.
VI. Practical
Oral examination, Modified triadian system of tooth numbering in various species,
Dental chart for companion and farm animals, Dentistry instrumentation, Dental
radiography procedure, Periodontal probing, Scaling/ teeth cleaning, Tooth
extraction, Malpractices in equine dentistry, Periodical maintenance of oral hygiene,
Corrective procedures, Malocclusion, Treatment strategies congenital malformations
of maxilla and mandible, oral surgery.

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I. Course Title : Camel Surgery

II. Course Code : VSR 512
III. Credit Hours : 1+1
IV. Aim of the course
To learn the basic principles and gain practical knowledge of diagnosis and treatment
of surgical diseases of camel.
V. Theory
Unit I
Introduction to special surgical anatomy of important parts, i.e. Mandible, Soft
palate, Chest pad, saddle region, Male urinary system, tail, etc., Restraint and
positioning for various surgical procedures and radiography of different parts.
Unit II
Use of local anaesthesia, Various nerve blocks and regional anaesthesia used to
treat diverse surgical disorders, Preanaesthetics, Tranquilizers, Sedatives and
general anaesthetics used for camel surgery.
Unit III
Surgical affections of head and neck region: Laceration and infected wounds of
nostril skin, Infection of turbinate, Actinobacillosis, Dental affections, Removal of
canines in furious camels, Torticollis, Fracture of mandible and maxilla, Soft palate
injuries, Ophthalmic affections, Salivary fistula, Stenson’s duct ligation, Oesophageal
obstruction.
Unit IV
Surgical affections of thorax and abdominal region: Saddle gall, Hernia, Chest pad
wounds and enlargements, Foreign bodies in compartment, Intestinal obstruction,
Obstructive urolithiasis, Rupture of urethra, Subcutaneous infiltration of urine,
Cystorrhexis.
Unit V
Surgical affections of musculo-skeletal system: diagnosis of lameness in camels,
management of long bone and digital fractures, upward fixation of patella, sprains,
arthritis.
Unit VI
Sheath abscess, Necrosis of penis, Phimosis, Paraphimosis, Preputial prolapse,
Various types of tumours, Gangrene and tumours of udder, Necrosis of tail,
Punctured foot, prolapse of digital cushion, Foot injuries, Kumri, Kapali, etc.
VI. Practical
Restraint and anaesthesia (Local, regional, sedation and general anaesthesia),
Preparation of sites, Surgical anatomy of important surgical affections, Special
instruments used for camel restraining and surgery, Observing and assisting in
diverse surgical procedures on clinical cases in camels, Practice of interdental
wiring for repair of mandibular fractures in specimen mandibles, Clinical and
radiographic diagnosis of lameness, Protection of wounds of chest pad and foot
using special bandages, Radiography of different part of camels and postoperative
care of diverse surgical affections of camels.

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I. Course Title : Elephant Surgery

II. Course Code : VSR 513
III. Credit Hours : 1+1
IV. Aim of the course
To learn the basic principles and gain practical knowledge of diagnosis and treatment
of surgical diseases of elephant.
V. Theory
Unit I
Basic surgical anatomy of Asian elephants and comparison with other farm animals.
Unit II
Drug administration techniques in captive and wild elephants, Anaesthetic
management of captive and wild elephants for various surgical and managerial
conditions.
Unit III
Principles of soft tissue surgery in elephants, Cyst, Bursitis, Gall, Haematoma, Abscess,
etc.
Unit IV
Management and treatment of fractures and arthritis in elephants.
Unit V
Pedicure, corrective foot care and maintenance of healthy feet of captive elephants
housed in different establishments in different seasons.
Unit VI
Hoisting of recumbent elephants, Surgical methods of birth control in elephants,
limitations and risks of abdominal surgery in elephants (eg. Caesarian section,
Castration, Hernia, etc., Soft tissue surgery like episiotomy, vestibulotomy, etc.)
VI. Practical
Familiarity with clinical examination procedures, Body weight estimation, Signs of
health and diseases, Signs of localized lesions, etc., Familiarity with physical and
chemical restraint procedures, Drug administrations by various routes-IM, IV, SC,
sub-conjuctival, oral, per rectal, etc., foot examination and foot care procedures,
visit to elephant camps and attending clinical procedures, surgeries, etc.

I. Course Title : Clinical Case Conference

II. Course Code : VSR 587
III. Credit Hours : 0+1
IV. Practical
Present seminar on unusual/ interesting clinical cases done in the semester. Compile
them from presentation to follow up and also submit the write up in soft or hard copy.

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I. Course Title : Special Problem in Radiology

II. Course Code : VSR 588
III. Credit Hours : 0+2
IV. Practical
Investigative radiological problems in clinical or experimental models, didactic and
interpersonal learning-teaching, problem solving self-learning strategies in problems
related to radiology.

I. Course Title : Special Problem in Anaesthesia

II. Course Code : VSR 589
III. Credit Hours : 0+2
IV. Practical
Investigative anesthetic problems in clinical or experimental models, Didactic and
interpersonal learning-teaching, Problem solving self-learning strategies in problems
related to anaesthesia.

I. Course Title : Special Problem in Surgery

II. Course Code : VSR 690
III. Credit Hours : 0+2
IV. Practical
Investigative surgical problems in clinical or experimental models, Didactic and
interpersonal learning-teaching, Problem solving self-learning strategies in problems
related to surgery.

VSR 591 MASTERS SEMINAR (1+0)

VSR 599 MASTERS RESEARCH (0+30)

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Course Outline: Lecture wise

VSR 503: Principles of Surgery (2+1)

S. No. Topics No. of Lectures/

Practicals

Theory
Unit I
1. Classification of wounds 1
2. Wound healing, mechanism of wound repair 2
3. Local and systemic factors affecting wound healing 1
4. Current concepts of inflammation and management 1
5. Thermal, electrical and chemical injuries and their management 3
Unit II
6. Asepsis, sterilization and disinfection 1
7. Principles and practice of antimicrobial therapy in surgical patients 2
Unit III
8. Shock, classification, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring 4
9. Surgical stress and its systemic effects 1
10. Haemorrhage and haemostasis 1
11. Acid-base balance 1
12. Fluid therapy 2
13. Blood transfusion 1
14. Metabolism of the surgical patient 2
Unit IV
15. Principles and clinical applications of laser surgery, cryosurgery,
electrosurgery, physiotherapy 4
Unit V
16. Minimally invasive surgical procedures which includes laproscopy
and endoscopy 2
17. Principles of microscopic surgery-vessel and nerve anastomosis 1
18. Application of computers in surgery 1
Practical
1. Identification and handling of surgical instruments 3
2. Preparation of surgical pack 1
3. Preparation of surgical team 1
4. Preparation of surgical patients 1
5. Surgical facilities and equipment 2
6. Introduction to clinical skill laboratory 1
7. Practice of different suturing patterns 2
8. Repair of different wounds, using drains, bandages and bandaging
techniques 2
9. Monitoring of traumatized surgical patient 2
10. Operation theatre conduct 1

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Suggested Reading
• Fossum TW. (Ed.). 2018. Small Animal Surgery. Mosby.
• Slatter DH. 2003. 3rd ed. Textbook of Small Animal Surgery. WB Saunders.
• Hendrickson DA and Baird AN. 2013. Turner and McIlwraiths Techniques in Large Animal
Surgery 4th ed. Wiley Black Well.
• AK Gangwar, Naveen Kumar and Kh. Sangeeta Devi. 2010. General Animal Surgery and
Anesthesiology (With Theory and Practicals) New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi (ISBN:
9789-38-0235-172).

VSR 504: Anaesthesia and Analgesia (2+1)

S. No. Topics No. of Lectures/

Practicals

Theory
Unit I
1. Introduction and history of anaesthesia 1
2. General consideration for anaesthesia in animals 1
3. Properties of ideal anaesthetic agent, types of anaesthesia 1
4. Anaesthetic triad, preanaesthetic evaluation of patient and
selection of anaesthesia 1
5. Preanaesthetic evaluation of patient and selection of anaesthesia 2
Unit II
6. Preanaesthetic medication (anticholinergics, sedatives, tranquilizers,
alpha-2 agonist, narcotics) 5
7. Muscle relaxants and neuromuscular blocking agents 1
Unit III
8. General anaesthetics and factors affecting their uptake, distribution
and metabolism 2
9. Injectable anaesthetic agents (properties, dosage and usage) 3
10. Combinations of injectable agents and neuroleptanalgesia 1
11. Inhalation anaesthetic agents (properties, methods of administration,
dosage and usages) 2
12. Inhalation anaesthesia equipment and breathing circuits 1
13. Artificial ventilation 1
Unit IV
14. Post-operative care of the surgical patient 1
15. Operating room emergencies 1
16. Cardio-pulmonary arrest and resuscitation 1
17. Monitoring of anaesthetic recovery 1
Unit V
18. Local anaesthetics, their mechanisms 1
19. Local and regional nerve blocks 1
20. Spinal analgesia, intravenous regional anaesthesia 1
21. Peri-operative and post-operative pain and its management 2
Practical
1. Inhalation anaesthesia equipment, circuits and vaporizers 2
2. Artificial ventilation 1
3. Use of various pre-anaesthetic and anaesthetic agents in small and
large animals 3
4. Anaesthetic triad 1
5. Balanced anaesthesia 1
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S. No. Topics No. of Lectures/

Practicals

6. Total intravenous anaesthesia 1

7. Regional and local nerve blocks using local anaesthetics 1
8. Repair of different wounds, using drains, bandages and bandaging techniques 1
9. Alpha-2 agonists and their combinations in domestic animals 1
10. Monitoring of anaesthesia 1
11. Reversal of sedation and analgesia induced by alpha-2 agonists 1
12. Practice of anaesthesia in clinical cases 1
13. Record keeping in anaesthesia and euthanaia 1

Suggested Reading
• AK Gangwar, Naveen Kumar and Kh. Sangeeta Devi. 2010. General Animal Surgery and
Anesthesiology (With Theory and Practicals) New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi (ISBN:
9789-38-0235-172).
• Clarke KW, Trim CM and Hall LW. 2013. Veterinary Anaesthesia. 11th ed. WB Saunders.
• Grim KA, Lamont LA, Tranquilli WJ, Greene SA and Robertson SA. 2015. Veterinary
Anaesthesia and Analgesia, The 5th ed. Lumb and Jones. Wiley Blackwell.
• Grim KA, Tranquilli WJ and Lamont LA. 2011. Essentials of Small Animal Anesthesia and
Analgesia. 2nd ed. Wiley Blackwell.
• Paddleford RR. 1999. Manual of Small Animal Anesthesia. 2nd ed. WB Saunders.

VSR 505: Diagnostic Imaging Techniques (2+1)

S. No. Topics No. of Lectures/

Practicals
Theory
Unit I
1. Regulations regarding establishment and handling of x-ray units,
requirements for establishment of x-ray units 1
2. Conventional and digital X-ray machine 1
3. X-ray films, cassettes, screen 1
4. X-ray production, qualities of x-rays 1
5. Image formation and dark room procedures 1
6. Image plate, formation of radiograph technique chart, artifacts and
their prevention 1
7. Radiographic quality (Contrast, density and details) 1
8. Radiographic accessories 1
9. Radiographic positioning for different organs/ parts in small and large
animals 1
Unit II
10. Plain and contrast radiographic techniques of small and large animals 3
11. Fluoroscopy/ C-arm 1
12. Principles of radiographic interpretation 1
Unit III
13. Principles of radiation therapy, medical radioisotope curves, radiation
laws and regulations 2
14. Radiation hazards and monitoring of radiographic exposure to
personnel and pretection 2
Unit IV
15. Basic physics of ultrasound waves and image formation 2
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Practicals

16. Scanning principles of ultrasound 1

17. Transducers, equipment controls, modes of display 1
18. Terminology used for echotexture and USG artifacts 4
Unit V
19. Doppler techniques echocardiography and its application 2
20. Introduction to nuclear imaging techniques, computerized tomography,
magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography techniques 3
Practical
1. Acquaintance with imaging equipment, computed radiography and digital
radiography systems 3
2. Dark room processing techniques and X-ray film handling 1
3. Formulation of technique chart with fixed kVp and variable mAs 1
4. Radiographic artefacts and their prevention 1
5. Basics of radiographic interpretation of diseases 2
6. Radiography positioning of different regions in domestic animals 1
7. Contrast radiographic techniques 2
8. Interpretation of radiographs 2
9. PACS, Practice of ultrasonographic imaging and report writing 3

Suggested Reading
• AK Gangwar, Kh. Sangeeta Devi and Naveen Kumar. 2015. Radiography in Veterinary
Practice at a glance (Including Diagnostic Imaging techniques) Astral International Pvt.
Limited, New Delhi (ISBN: 978-93-5124-335-9).
• Barr FJ and Gaschen L. 2011. BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Ultrasonography. British
Small Animal Veterinary Association
• Boon JA. 2011. Veterinary Echocardiography. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell.
• Bushong SC. 2017. Radiologic Science for Technologists. 11th ed. CV Mosby.
• Gillette EL, Thrall DE and Lebel JL. (Eds.). 1977. Carlson’s Veterinary Radiology. Lea and
Febiger.
• Goddard PJ. 1995. Veterinary Ultrasonography. CABI.
• Kealy JK, McAllister H and Graham JP. (Eds.). 2011. Diagnostic Radiology and
Ultrasonography of the Dog and Cat. 5th ed. WB Saunders, Philadelphia.
• Mannion P. 2006. Diagnostic Ultrasound in Small Animal practice. Blackwell Science.
• Kirberger RM and McEvoy FJ 2016. BASAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Musculoskeltal
Imaging. 2nd BASAVA Gloucester.
• Morgan JP. 1972. Radiology in Veterinary Orthopaedics. Lea and Febiger.
• Nyland TG and Mattoon JS. 2002. Small Animal Diagnostic Ultrasound. WB Saunders.
• Thrall DE. 2017. Textbook of Veterinary Diagnostic Radiology. 7th ed. Saunders, Philadelphia.
• Bargai U, Pharr, JW and Morgan JP. 1989. Bovine Radiology. Iowa State University Press,
Ames.

VSR 506: Soft Tissue Surgery (2+1)

S. No. Topics No. of Lectures/

Practicals

Theory
Unit I
1. Skin, adnexa, integument, appendages, horn, tail, sinus affections of
equine and bovine 3
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Practicals

2. Principles of plastic and reconstructive surgery, different types of

skin grafts 2
Unit II
3. Surgical approaches/ affections of ear 1
4. Surgical approaches/ affections of oral cavity 1
5. Surgical approaches/ affections of larynx, pharynx, salivary glands and
oesophagus 1
6. Surgical approaches/ affections of abdomen 1
7. Surgical approaches/ affections of rumen and reticulum 1
8. Surgical approaches/ affections of omasum and abomasum 1
9. Surgical approaches/ affections of stomach, intestines, rectum, anus 3
10. Surgical approaches/ affections of liver and biliary system, pancreas and
porto-systemic shunts 1
Unit III
11. Abdominal hernia 1
12. Diaphragmatic hernia 1
13. Perineal hernia, ventral, femoral and umbilical hernia 1
14. Ritcher hernia, hiatal hernia, omental hernia, pre-pubic tendon rupture 1
15. Use of biological and synthetic grafts for hernia repair, laparoscopic
repair of hernia 1
Unit IV
16. Principles of thoracic surgery, functional anatomy of respiratory system 1
17. Diseases of upper and lower respiratory system 4
18. Functional anatomy of cardiovascular system and common affections
of heart 3
Unit V
19. Affections of pituitary, adrenals, thyroid, parathyroid glands 1
20. Principles of neurosurgery and common surgical affections of nervous
system and special sense organs 1
Unit VI
21. Haemolymphatic system, bone marrow, spleen, tonsils, lymph nodes
and lymphatics, thymus 2
Practical
1. Practice of various surgical techniques of skin and adnexa 2
2. Practice of various surgical techniques of alimentary system 5
3. Practice of various surgical techniques of hernias 2
4. Practice of various surgical techniques of respiratory system 2
5. Affections of horn, tail and teat 2
6. Endoscopy techniques, instrumentation, use of rigid/ flexible endoscopes
in companion and farm animals 1
7. Use of rigid/ flexible endoscopes in companion animals 1
8. Use of rigid/ flexible endoscopes in farm animals 1

Suggested Reading
• Fossum TW. 2018. Small Animal Surgery. 5th ed. Mosby.
• Fubini SL and Ducharme NG. 2016. Farm Animal Surgery. 2nd ed. Saunders
• Slatter DH. 2003. Textbook of Small Animal Surgery. 3rd ed. WB Saunders.
• Yool DA. 2012. Small Animal Soft Tissue Surgery. CABI.
• Tobia KM. 2010. Manual of Small Animal Soft Tissue Surgery. Wiley Black Well.
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VSR 507: Orthopaedic Surgery (2+1)

S. No. Topics No. of Lectures/

Practicals

Theory
Unit I
1. Bone structure and function, growth, response to injury, fractures and
luxations 1
2. Classification of fracture 1
3. Fracture healing, Biological osteosynthesis 1
Unit II
4. Biomechanics of fracture healing 1
5. Considerations for selection of fixation techniques 1
6. Current trends in treatment of fractures of different bones in companion
and farm animals 4
7. Diseases of bone 2
Unit III
8. Various affections of the joints and their treatment 3
9. Various affections of the ligaments and tendons and their treatment 3
Unit IV
10. Spinal affections and injury to axial skeleton 3
Unit V
11. Conformation of the limb 3
12. Anatomy of hoof 1
13. Anatomical, conformational and pathological causes of lameness and
allied surgical conditions of fore and hind limbs 6
Practical
1. Application of Plaster of Paris cast 1
2. Application of fiberglass cast 1
3. Application of Roberts Jones bandage 1
4. Application of modified Schroeder Thomas splint 1
5. Application of Coaptation splint, sling application 1
6. Practice of IM pinning, wiring 2
8. Practice of bone plating 1
9. Practice of inter locking nailing 1
10. Practice of external skeletal fixation 1
11. Practice of arthrotomy 1
12. Practice of tenotomy 1
13. Examination of limbs for lameness 1
14. Desmotomy, nerve blocks, injections in joints 1
15. Operations for arthritis and hoof surgery 1
16. Corrective shoeing 1

Suggested Reading
• AK Gangwar, Khangembam Sangeeta Devi, Ajit Kumar Singh and Naveen Kumar (2018)
Veterinary Orthopaedics and Lameness, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi (ISBN 978-93-272-
8837-7).
• Auer JA. 2006. Equine Surgery. WB Saunders.
• Baxter GM. (Ed.). 2011. Adams and Stashak’s Lameness in Horses. 6th ed. Wiley-Blackwell.
• Decamp CE, Johnston, SA, Dejardin LM and Schaefer SL. 2016. Handbook of Small Animal
Othopaedics and Fracture Repair, 5th ed., Elsevier.
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• Fubini SL and Ducharme NG. 2016. Farm Animal Surgery. 2nd ed. Saunders.
• Greenough PR. 2007. Bovine Laminitis and Lameness. WB Saunders.
• Millis DL and Levine D 2014. Canine Rehabilitation and Physical Therapy, 2nd ed., Elsevier.
• Newton CD and Nunamaker DM. (Eds.). 1985. Textbook of Small Animal Orthopaedics. JB
Lippincott.
• Oehme FW and Prier JE. (Eds.). 1974. Textbook of Large Animal Surgery. Williams and
Wilkins.
• Tyagi RPS and Singh J. (Eds.). 1993. Ruminant Surgery. CBS.
• Weaver AD, Jean GS and Steiner A. 2007. Bovine Surgery and Lameness. 2nd ed. Wiley-
Blackwell.

VSR 508: Anaesthesia of Zoo, Wild, Exotic and Laboratory Animals (1+1)

S. No. Topics No. of Lectures/

Practicals

Theory
Unit I
1. General consideration in chemical restraint of captive wild animals 1
2. General consideration in chemical restraint of free ranging wild animals 1
3. Handling of birds with minimum stress 1
4. Physical examination, blood sampling, crop washes, faecal sampling 1
Unit II
5. Methods of administration of anaesthesia in captive animals 1
6. Methods of administration of anaesthesia in free ranging animals 1
7. Methods of administration of anaesthesia in birds 1
8. Methods of administration of anaesthesia in laboratory animals 1
Unit III
9. Local and general anaesthesia in exotic species 1
10. Local and general anaesthesia in wild animals 1
11. Local and general anaesthesia in birds 1
12. Local and general anaesthesia in zoo animals 1
13. Local and general anaesthesia in laboratory animals 1
Unit IV
14. Anaesthetic emergencies and complications 1
Unit V
15. Diagnostic interpretation, haematology and biochemistry analysis 2
16. Avian diagnostic endoscopy 1
Practical
1. Familiarization with capture and anaesthetic equipments 1
2. Local anaesthetic techniques 1
3. Use of various preanaesthetic and anaesthetic agents in laboratory
animals 1
4. Use of various preanaesthetic and anaesthetic agents in birds 1
5. Monitoring of patient during general anaesthesia 1
6. Familiarization of various diseases in exotic birds like tumours,
foreign body, crop stasis, crop tear, crop fistula, toe necrosis, feather cyst 2
8. Excision of uropygieal gland 1
9. Excision of rhinolith 1
10. Pharyngostomy 1
11. Ingluviotomy 1
12. Ventriculotomy 1

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S. No. Topics No. of Lectures/

Practicals

13. Orthopedic injuries 2

15. Visits to zoos for practical on zoo animals 1
16. Visits to wild life sanctuaries for practical on wild animals 1

Suggested Reading
• Coles BH. 2007. Essentials of Avian Medicine and Surgery. 3rd ed. Blackwell Publishing
• Donely B. 2010. Avian Medicine and Surgery in Practice. Manson Publishing Ltd.
• Grim KA, Lamont LA, Tranquilli WJ, Greene SA and Robertson SA. 2015. Veterinary
Anaesthesia and Analgesia. 5th ed. Lumb and Jones. Wiley Blackwell.
• Mader DR. 2005. Reptile Medicine and Surgery. 2nd ed. WB Saunders
• Miller RE and Fowler M. 2014. Fowler’s Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine. 1st ed. Saunders
• Wobeser GA. 2007. Disease in Wild Animals: Investigation and Management. 2nd ed. Springer

VSR 509: Urogenital Surgery (1+1)

S. No. Topics No. of Lectures/

Practicals
Theory
Unit I
1. Surgical anatomy of urinary tract in male and female animals 1
2. Surgical anatomy of reproductive tract in male and female animals 1
3. Congenital anomalies of organs of male and female urinary system 1
4. Congenital anomalies of organs of male and female reproductive system 1
Unit II
5. Principels of urinary tract surgery, pathophysiology, diagnosis and
surgical management of affections of kidney 1
6. Pathophysiology, diagnosis and surgical management of affections of
ureter and urinary bladder 2
7. Medical dissolution and prevention of canine uroliths 1
8. Feline urologic syndrome 1
9. Surgical management of urolithiais in ruminants and its prevention 1
10. Management of uroperitoneum and renal failure 1
Unit III
11. Pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, diagnosis and surgical management of
vaginal and uterine prolapse, rectovaginal fistula, pneumovagina 1
12. Pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, diagnosis and surgical
management of vaginal tumours, pyometra, cysts of Gartner’s
canal and vestibular glands 1
Unit IV
13. Surgical conditions of penis, prepuce, prostate and testicles,
cryptorchidism, inguinal and scrotal hernia 1
14. Affections of teat and udder 1
Unit V
15. Indications, techniques and postoperative complications of episiotomy,
ovariectomy, ovariohysterectomy and caesarean section, pyomerta and
its surgical treatment 1
Unit VI
16. Castration, vasectomy, cauda epididymectomy and penile deviation 1
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Practicals

Practical
1. Hand-on-training of techniques of centesis of urinary bladder in
companion and farm animals 1
2. Different types of catheters used in urogenital surgery, retrograde
catheterization of urethra and urinary bladder 1
3. Normograde catheterization of urethra on clinical cases of urinary
retention 1
4. Pudendal nerve block for penis examination in ruminants 1
5. Diagnostic techniques and surgical management of the affections of
kidney and ureters 2
6. Uro-hydropropulsion 1
7. Restraint and anaesthesia for urogenital tract surgery 1
8. Cystotomy, tube cystostomy 1
9. Nephrotomy, ureterocolostomy 1
10. Urethrotomy, urethrostomy 1
11. Castration, vasectomy, penile deviation, epididymectomy, amputation
of penis, episiotomy 1
12. Ovariohysterectomy, tubectomy 1
13. Caesarean section 1
14. Management of phimosis, paraphimosis, venereal granuloma 1
15. Vaginal and uterine prolapse, rectovaginal fistula and pneumovagina 1
16. Bladder and uterine marsupialization 1

Suggested Reading
• Fossum TW. 2018. Small Animal Surgery. 5th ed. Mosby.
• Fubini SL and Ducharme NG. 2016. Farm Animal Surgery. 2nd ed. Saunders
• Slatter DH. 2003. Textbook of Small Animal Surgery. 3rd ed. WB Saunders.
• Wolfe DF and Moll HD. Large Animal Urogenital Surgery 1999. 2nd ed., Williams and
Wilkins, Tokyo.
• Yool DA. 2012. Small Animal Soft Tissue Surgery. CABI.

VSR 510: Ophthalmology (1+1)

S. No. Topics No. of Lectures/

Practicals
Theory
Unit I
1. Anatomy and physiology of eye and its adnexa 1
2. Ophthalmic examination and diagnosis, diagnostic instrumentation 1
3. Anaesthesia and surgery 1
Unit II
4. General consideration for eye surgery in companion and farm animals 1
5. Therapeutic agents for eye diseases and surgery of eye lids, lacrimal
apparatus, naso-lacrimal duct 1
Unit III
6. Diseases of conjunctiva 1
7. Diseases of cornea, sclera, iris, orbit 1
8. Diseases of lens 1
9. Diseases of vitreous and aqueous humor 1
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Practicals

10. Diseases of retina and optic nerve 1

11. Eye tumours, enucleation, exenteration 1
Unit IV
12. Ocular manifestations of systemic diseases 2
Unit V
13. Neuro-ophthalmology and ocular emergencies 3
Practical
1. Ophthalmic instrumentation 1
2. Examination of the eye and its adnexa 2
3. Anaesthesia, preparation of patient, suture materials for eye surgery 1
4. Canthotomy, tarsorrhaphy 1
5. Keratoplasty, anterior chamber paracentesis 1
6. Flushing of naso-lacrimal duct 1
7. Iridectomy 1
8. Phacoemulsification and implantation of foldable lens 1
9. Surgical treatment of entropion 2
10. Surgical treatment of cherry eye 1
11. Schirmer tear test 1
12. Use of fluorescein dye in corneal ulcer 1
13. Glaucoma surgery 1
14. Eye worm removal 1

Suggested Reading
• Fossum TW. 2018. Small Animal Surgery. 5th ed. Mosby.
• Fubini SL and Ducharme NG. 2016. Farm Animal Surgery. 2nd ed. Saunders
• Gelatt KN. 2014. Essentials of Veterinary Ophthalmology. 3rd ed. Wiley Blackwell. US.
• Gilger BC. 2017. Equine Ophthalmology, 3rd ed. Wiley Blackwell.
• Maggs DJ, Miller PE and Ofri R. 2017. Slatter’s Fundamentals of Veterinary Ophthalmology.
6th ed. Saunders.
• Slatter DH 2003. Textbook of Small Animal Surgery. 3rd ed. WB Saunders.

VSR 511: Dentistry and Oral Surgery (1+1)

S. No. Topics No. of Lectures/

Practicals

Theory
Unit I
1. Anatomy, development of teeth (odontogenesis) 1
2. Dentition and ageing of different species 1
Unit II
3. Clinical examination of oral cavity, dental anesthesia and pain
management 1
4. Dental anaesthesia and pain management 1
5. Dental radiography 1
Unit III
6. Diseases of oral cavity and teeth, congenital and developmental
anomalies of oral cavity 1
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S. No. Topics No. of Lectures/

Practicals

7. Abnormal tooth eruption, irregular wear of teeth in companion and

farm animals, occlusion and malocclusion 1
8. Mandibular fracture, malformation of mandible, maxilla (cleft palate) 1
Unit IV
9. Acquired diseases of teeth (halitosis, dental caries, fracture of teeth,
dental materials and dental radiography), oronasal fistula 1
10. Maxilla and mandibular fractures repair 1
11. Orthodontics 1
12. Tumors and other acquired condition of oral cavity 1
Unit V
13. Exodontics, restorative dentistry 1
14. Periodontal disease, tooth extraction, gum diseases 1
15. Endodontics, pulpectomy, root canal therapy, current techniques in
dentistry 2
Practical
1. Oral examination 1
2. Modified triadian system of tooth numbering in various species 1
3. Dental chart for companion and farm animals 1
4. Dentistry instrumentation 1
5. Dental radiography procedure 1
6. Periodontal probing, scaling/ teeth cleaning 1
7. Tooth extraction 1
8. Malpractices in equine dentistry 1
9. Periodical maintenance of oral hygiene 1
10. Corrective procedures, malocclusion 1
11. Treatment strategies congenital malformations of maxilla 2
12. Oral surgery 4

Suggested Reading
• Fossum TW. 2018. Small Animal Surgery. 5th ed. Mosby.
• Fubini SL and Ducharme NG. 2016. Farm Animal Surgery. 2nd ed. Saunders
• Holmstrom SE. 2013. Veterinary Dentistry - A Team Approach. 2nd ed. Elsevier.
• Slatter DH. 2003. Textbook of Small Animal Surgery. 3rd ed. WB Saunders.
• Soto JC. 2015. Visual Atlas of Dental Pathologies in Dogs. SERVET, Spain.

VSR 512: Camel Surgery (1+1)

S. No. Topics No. of Lectures/

Practicals

Theory
Unit I
1. Introduction to special surgical anatomy of important parts, i.e.
mandible, soft palate, chest pad, saddle region, male urinary
system, tail, etc. 1
2. Restraint and positioning for various surgical procedures and
radiography of different parts 1

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Practicals

Unit II
3. Use of local anaesthesia, various nerve blocks and regional
anaesthesia used to treat diverse surgical disorders 1
4. Preanaesthetics, tranquilizers, sedatives and general anaesthetics
used for camel surgery 1
Unit III
5. Surgical affections of head and neck region: laceration and infected
wounds of nostril skin, infection of turbinate, actinobacillosis,
dental affections 1
6. Surgical affections of head and neck region: removal of canines in
furious camels, torticollis, fracture of mandible and maxilla, soft
palate injuries 1
7. Surgical affections of head and neck region: ophthalmic affections,
salivary fistula, Stenson’s duct ligation, oesophageal obstruction 1
Unit IV
8. Surgical affections of thorax and abdominal region: saddle gall, hernia,
chest pad wounds and enlargements 1
9. Surgical affections of thorax and abdominal region: foreign bodies in
compartment, intestinal obstruction 1
10. Surgical affections of thorax and abdominal region: obstructive
urolithiasis, rupture of urethra, subcutaneous infiltration of urine,
cystorrhexis 1
Unit V
11. Surgical affections of musculo-skeletal system: diagnosis of
lameness in camels 1
12. Surgical affections of musculo-skeletal system: management of
long bone and digital fractures 1
13. Surgical affections of musculo-skeletal system: upward fixation of
patella, sprains, arthritis 1
Unit VI
14. Sheath abscess, necrosis of penis, phimosis, paraphimosis, preputial
prolapse 1
15. Various types of tumours, gangrene and tumours of udder, necrosis
of tail 1
16. Punctured foot, prolapse of digital cushion, foot injuries, Kumri,
Kapali etc 1
Practical
1. Restraint and anaesthesia (Local, regional, sedation and general
anaesthesia) 2
2. Preparation of sites 1
3. Surgical anatomy of important surgical affections 1
4. Special instruments used for camel restraining and surgery 1
5. Observing and assisting in diverse surgical procedures on clinical
cases in camels 5
6. Practice of interdental wiring for repair of mandibular fractures in
specimen mandibles 1
7. Clinical and radiographic diagnosis of lameness 2
8. Protection of wounds of chest pad and foot using special bandages 1
9. Radiography of different part of camels 1

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Suggested Reading
• Selected Topics on Camelids, Ed-TK Gahlot, The Camelid Publishers, Bikaner and now
marketed by Camel Publishing House, Edition 2000.
• Medicine and Surgery of Camelids. Ed-Murray E. Fowler, Wiley-Blackwell, Edition 2010.
• Advances in Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging of the Dromedary Camel, Ed- RO Ramadan,
King Faisal University, Edition 2016.
VSR 513: Elephant Surgery (1+1)

S. No. Topics No. of Lectures/

Practicals
Theory
Unit I
1. Basic surgical anatomy of Asian elephants and comparison with
other farm animals 4
Unit II
2. Drug administration techniques in captive and wild elephants,
anaesthetic management of captive and wild elephants for various
surgical and managerial conditions 1
3. Drug administration techniques in captive and wild elephants,
anaesthetic management of captive and wild elephants for various
surgical and managerial conditions 1
Unit III
4. Principles of soft tissue surgery in elephants, cyst, bursitis, gall,
haematoma, abscess, etc. 2
Unit IV
5. Management and treatment of fractures and arthritis in elephants 2
Unit V
6. Pedicure, corrective foot care and maintenance of healthy feet of
captive elephants housed in different establishments in different seasons 2
Unit VI
7. Hoisting of recumbent elephants, surgical methods of birth control
in elephants 1
8. Limitations and risks of abdominal surgery in elephants (eg. caesarian
section, castration, hernia, etc., soft tissue surgery like episiotomy,
vestibulotomy, etc.) 2
Practical
1. Familiarity with clinical examination procedures 1
2. Body weight estimation 1
3. Signs of health and diseases 1
4. Signs of localized lesions, etc. 1
5. Familiarity with physical and chemical restraint procedures 1
6. Drug administrations by various routes-IM, IV, SC, sub-conjuctival,
oral, per rectal, etc. 1
7. Foot examination and foot care procedures 1
8. Visit to elephant camps 1
9. Attending clinical procedures, surgeries etc 7

Suggested Reading
• Fowler ME and Mikota SK. 2006. Biology, Medicine, and Surgery of Elephants. Blackwell
Publishing
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Minor Courses for M.V.Sc. Degree programme

Courses of any one department/ discipline from the list given below or as considered
relevant by the Advisory Committee from the BSMA approved subjects:
• Veterinary Physiology
• Veterinary Biochemistry
• Veterinary Biotechnology
• Veterinary Anatomy
• Veterinary Medicine
• Veterinary Pathology
• Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics
Supporting Courses
It could be any subject considered relevant for student’s research work. This will
be decided by Advisor/ Guide concerned.
Common Courses
The following courses (one credit each) will be offered to all students undergoing
Master’s degree programme.
• Library and Information Services
• Technical Writing and Communications Skills
• Intellectual Property and its management in Agriculture
• Basic Concepts in Laboratory Techniques
• Agricultural Research, Research Ethics and Rural Development Programmes

310