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Enhancing Risk Management Process on Rigs through E-JSA

Conference Paper · November 2016

DOI: 10.2118/183477-MS

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Enhancing Risk Management Process on Rigs through E-JSA

Girish Kumar M Devnani, IDipNEBOSH; Deepak Kumar Dash, PMP; Muneef Salem and Mina Aziz Salama,
IDipNEBOSH, National Drilling Company

Copyright 2016, Society of Petroleum Engineers

This paper was prepared for presentation at the Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference held in Abu Dhabi, UAE, 7-10 November 2016.

This paper was selected for presentation by an SPE program committee following review of information contained in an abstract submitted by the author(s). Contents
of the paper have not been reviewed by the Society of Petroleum Engineers and are subject to correction by the author(s). The material does not necessarily reflect
any position of the Society of Petroleum Engineers, its officers, or members. Electronic reproduction, distribution, or storage of any part of this paper without the written
consent of the Society of Petroleum Engineers is prohibited. Permission to reproduce in print is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words; illustrations may
not be copied. The abstract must contain conspicuous acknowledgment of SPE copyright.

Abstract
As Drilling industry continues to bring-in more complex systems and new generation rigs, it is becoming
increasingly more difficult to carry out Job Safety Analysis (JSA). Hazard and corresponding control
systems identification put in front noteworthy problems as hidden and complex hazards are not easy to
identify and corresponding controls sytems should match with and counter the potential severity of hazards.
To respond to these issues, there is an increasing requirement of SMART automation of Job Safety Analysis.
This Paper describes the components of electronic Job Safety Analysis (e-JSA) system and how ease of
personnel interaction with the system has led to the output of more systematic and authentic Analysis of
Hazards and Control assignment at rig sites; enhancing the JSA quality to much higher level and thereby
resulting in reduction of Incidents/Accidents.
Methods, Procedures, Process: With the introduction of e-JSA, NDC has gone that extra mile in managing
the JSAs across rig sites. This system guided step by step approach ensures that potential hazards and
consequences are not missed out thereby increasing safety aspect. This new system delivers unparalleled
benefits like capturing of JSA at the rig site with details of the operation type, activities, IPM, PPEs,
responsible persons and authors involved for the JSA. Submission, review, approval and evaluation process
is fully automated along with authorization control ensuring speedy approval and getting rid of paper
document circulation with complete traceability at any given point of time.
Novel/Additive Information: NDC HSE commitment and quest for innovation is further supplemented by
e-JSA system. NDC is has already taken initiative to take the e-JSA system on the rig floor, so that the JSA
can be opened & discussed by the entire team before commencement of any job. Based on the success of
e-JSA system, a Proof Of Concept is in progress which after implementation will facilitate the rig crew on
the rig floor to access the JSA documents from rig floor itself.
We are exploring the option to transfer the same software for Risk Assessment with minor modifications
such as changing terms like ‘Hazards’ to ‘Risks’, ‘Hazard Categories’ to ‘Risk Types’ etc. By Q4 of 2016, we
are targeting to demonstrate the e-JSA system to other ADNOC group companies. On successful completion
& positive feedback of the e-JSA system over the last 2 years of launch, we have started automation of most
of the processes pertaining to HSE.
2 SPE-183477-MS

Introduction
According to Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), the approach of identifying;
eliminating and preventing workplace hazards results in fewer worker injuries and illnesses, a safer work
environment, more effective work methods, reduced workers' compensation costs and increased worker

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productivity. These are key challenges to any organization and Oil and Gas Industry is no exception.
Planning ahead for HSE; i.e. Being Proactive is of utmost importance and also a basic step for any
operation – routine or non-routine. These proactive measures comprise of identification of hazards and
putting in place the right controls ensuring that risk is mitigated to ALARP – As Low as Reasonably
Practicable.
The deeper drilling depths bring amplified danger including higher risks of accidents, spills and fires. One
reason for this increased danger is the complex equipment needed to drill at such depths and correspondingly
the lack of awareness of the complex safety systems used. As offshore and onshore drilling continue to be
pushed to new depths, with NDC continuously drilling in deep and penetrating further underground, the
technology needed to achieve these feats is extremely complex and not entirely invincible. The bottom line
is that when drilling is done, there is always a risk that not only puts lives on the line of fire but a risk that
puts Environment and the economy on the line as well.
e-JSA embodies a further development in JSA by adopting a SMART strategy; i.e. to reduce the hazard
identification and proper control selection & assignment time by in-built hazards and Rig Specific Control
Measures. e-JSA differs from conventional JSA by ensuring that the JSA is screened and approved by
Subject Matter Experts (SME). e-JSA system also has a facility which links it with accidents/incidents
occurred within and outside NDC; the SOPs (Standard operating procedures) which enables the end user
to identify the gaps more effectively.
An efficient JSA can enhance the Risk Management and HSE onsite by minimizing the probability of
unexpected accidents/incidents; thereby reducing rig downtime; and improving overall HSE & Productivity.
Therefore the changeover from manual to e-JSA strategy has paved the way to more structured & enhanced
HSE and cost-effective performance of companies.

e-JSA System Overview

e-JSA system comprises of prepopulated package of Company based Hazards & Control Measures which
the end user can select with respect to the job/task he will be working on. During the development phase
of e-JSA system; a team of well experienced and competent personnel within the organization listed down
and categorized the hazards and controls which can solely be encountered and applied based on Company
Scope of Business – Drilling activities. Hazards were categorized according to their types such as Motion;
Electrical; Fire; etc. and then entered into the NDC database system (SAP backend). The controls were
listed and then divided into Administrative and Engineering Control categories. The Engineering controls
were further divided into Rig specific controls (onshore and offshore). The end user/team developing the
JSA already have in front of them the list of hazards and corresponding control measures to choose from
and thereby reducing ample amount of time and ensuring a quality JSA. Every JSA activity is linked with
the Safety Alerts/Flashes of the Incident occurred within NDC and worldwide. This will ensure that at any
point of time; the end user is aware of the incident occurred for that specific activity and he ensures that the
controls are in place and thereby enabling high level of Proactive nature. The system is also programmed
with many checks which will never allow user to deviate from the actual JSA format and exit from the JSA
without filling the mandatory fields in the JSA. The approval team of SMEs will only consider the logical
and technical aspect of JSA for approval process because all other mandatory aspects are taken care within
the system itself. In addition to this there is a tracking system which tracks every JSA done on site. This is
of extreme importance during Incident Investigation as it will clearly show whether the JSA was discussed
prior to the activity which resulted in an Incident.
SPE-183477-MS 3

Aim
The aim of building e-JSA system was to build a centralized repository of JSA documents, making them
available on demand, as and when required by the rig crew which can be discussed with the team before
activity starts, resulting in safe working at the rig site.

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Objective
Objective of e-JSA System was to provide the centralized repository of JSA documents by integrating SAP
system with NDC intranet portal - Maktabi, thereby facilitating rig crew to create and follow rig specific
JSAs and reduce approval time and providing international standard of JSA documents along with Safety
flashes and relevant documents while accessing the JSAs.

Framework & Architecture

NDC intranet portal is called as Maktabi and this front end is built on SAP Net weaver platform. Maktabi
host a series of applications covering many business processes and one of them is e-JSA system. User
authentication happens through windows single sign on and no separate log on is required to access either
Maktabi or e-JSA System. Rig or site users access e-JSA system through portal and create, edit, view or
print JSA and other related documents like Safety flash etc. This easy to access, User Interface is helping
the field safety engineers to perform their task with ease and at a faster pace. Approvers also approve each
JSA document through Maktabi.
The Application Layer where is on SAP ECC 6.0, where entire business logic is programmed. This
NDC custom application i.e. e-JSA system is built through ABAP (Advanced Business Application
Programming) is a high-level programming language of SAP. Complete program processes the input query
from front end and populates the desired output on e-JSA screen on Maktabi.
Figure 1.0 shows NDC System Architecture of e-JSA System

Figure 1.0
4 SPE-183477-MS

System reads the action commands like Save, Submit, Approve, and Print, Export etc. from front end and
access the back end data base to generate result. When a new JSA is created and saved system generates a
Temporary number from the database and confirms the user that JSA No. XXX is saved successfully. Upon
Submission command all validations based on predefined logic are processed and success or confirmation

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message is shown. Upon Rig Manager Approval, automated work flow is triggered to the DTM for scoring
the JSA and approve. Senior safety engineers receive outlook email to approve the final leg of Approved
JSA creation. System allocates a Permanent number to the JSA.
Preloaded inbuilt list of Hazards, Consequences, Controls, Tools, PPEs, Permits, Locations, Sections,
Activities are stored as Master data in the Database layer of SAP i.e. MS SQL. The temporary numbers and
fully approved JSAs with permanent numbers are stored in the database. Each JSA scores, number of JSAs
created, approved per month per rig are stored and sent to different integrated programs for analysis.
SAP BI/BO tool are used to generate analytical reports.
As a part of system maintenance, e-JSA system is aggressively tested during any patch, service pack or
enhancement pack release from SAP, before being upgraded to the production environment.
From Design and development frame work point of view the following approach was adopted. Site
visits were carried out to regional Drilling Companies rig sites. Online Cloud based JSA systems were
System architecture and Landscape was studied. A Proof Of Concept was undertaken. System prototype
was designed and presented to HSE Division of NDC for approval in SAP Sandbox system. Focus was
on better User Interface for excellent User Experience. After successful POC, complete e-JSA system
implementation project was undertaken and completed in 2013. Performance testing from onshore as well
as offshore locations were carried out. Pilot roll out was undertaken with one onshore rig ND08 and one
offshore rig Al Ittihad. Upon successful copmletion of the pilot, Global roll out to all remote sites were
completed.

Methodology
Data Collection
JSA Quality Measurement method used. Rigs were selected to create two JSAs manually for a Critical Job
and discuss the same with the crew. The quality of JSA was assessed based on given below criteria:
Job Steps
Hazards
Controls
Residual Risk Rating
The same JSAs were also created with the e-JSA prototype software designed on Sandbox system of
SAP and given to the rigs to discuss the same during the Pre-Job Safety Meeting.

Data Study/Analysis
JSA Name: Hot work - Welding activity
Done with Conventional JSA (Microsoft Word Based):
Figure 2.0 shows JSA header info and evaluation scorefor hot work activity
SPE-183477-MS 5

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Figure 2.0

Total Quality Score Received: 41%

Mandatory Fields: No field validation and checks
Done from e-JSA Tool:
JSA for Hot Work - Electric Arc Welding
Figure 3.0 shows JSA header info and evaluation score for specific hot work activity

Figure 3.0

Total Quality Score Received: 93 %

All Mandatory field input are taken care by the system.
Quality Difference observed: 52%
JSA Name: BOP Pressure Test
Done with Conventional JSA:
Figure 4.0 shows JSA header info and evaluation score for BOP Test
6 SPE-183477-MS

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Figure 4.0

Total Quality Score Received: 50%

Mandatory Fields: All not captured
Done from e-JSA Tool:
Figure 5.0 shows JSA header info and evaluation score for BOP Test

Figure 5.0

Total Quality Score Received: 87%

Mandatory Fields: All captured – system checks
Note: In addition to above; all the steps and controls are rig specific and as per the type of BOP available
onsite.
Quality Difference observed: 37%
After the JSAs prepared from e-JSA tool were implemented and discussed with crew; there was
an increase in awareness level and a positive response was received from the site leadership team.

Job Safety Analysis - Basic Concept

JSA – Job Safety Analysis is a process of breaking down the tasks into sequential steps and at each step
identifying the hazard and its related controls measures to ensure risk is mitigated. JSA stresses on the
correlation between the personnel involved; the job; the equipment involved and the work environment.
Therefore carrying out JSA and discussing it prior to any job has become a mandatory requirement in Oil
and Gas Industry worldwide.
4 Principle steps to write the JSA:
1. Note down Job Steps in sequential manner - Steps should be job-specific and workplace specific
2. Identify hazard linked with each step - The most demanding and time-consuming part of the JSA
3. Assign controls for each hazard – Control should specific to the hazard it is associated to; and
specific to the job and/or equipment; which will eliminate the hazard or reduce the probability of
SPE-183477-MS 7

injury. At the same time it should be ensured that the Control is available within the company and/
or cost effective.
Therefore assigning control measures is equally demanding to ensure that it has countered the
hazard in an effective and practical manner.

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4. Discuss JSA during the Pre-Job Safety Meeting with all crew involved in the job.
The Figure 6.0 below shows the JSA form used for doing the JSA in NDC prior to launch of e-JSA model.
Standard JSA form – (old format)

Figure 6.0

Disadvantages of Conventional JSA

1. Time Consuming
Identification of hazards; Consequences and its corresponding Administrative & Engineering
Controls Measures is a difficult and time consuming process. This results in delay of operations
especially complex operations. Difficulty in identifying the Technical Safety Engineering control for
every sophisticated and New Generation Drilling rigs.
2. Data is not available for Hazard Identification and Control Recognition
The work, including the environment where the tasks are performed, will expose the workers and
the environment only to hazards that the workers can reasonably be expected to recognize and mitigate
8 SPE-183477-MS

on their own, relying only on the base knowledge and training requirements of his or her craft group.
This determination is commonly referred to as "Skill Based".
3. Involves Lots of Human Efforts
The process involves lots of human efforts. As every job carries different information and there is

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no set pattern. The process needs to be conducted separately for collecting and recording Job-related
data; Job/Equipment related hazards and Equipment specific controls.
4. Job Analyst May Not Possess Appropriate Skills
If job analyst is not aware of the objective of job analysis process or does not possess appropriate
skills to conduct the process, it is a sheer wastage of company's resources. He or she needs to be
trained in order to get authentic data.
5. No control over Mandatory Requirements of JSA
Manual data validation is prone to omissions like missing mandatory requirements such as
Personnel Assignment for Controls; PPE requirements; Risk Rating; controls, assignment etc.
6. No Tracking facility for Risky/Non-Routine Tasks JSA onsite
There is also no way to highlight or track any risky or non-routine job JSA being undertaken on
the specific rig or field.
7. Serves as a non-reliable document proof during Investigations:
In an event of an accident/incident; the Site Leadership have no valid or authentic proof (of JSA
being followed) when they get investigated by the Investigation Team.
8. No controls over duplications and multiple copies of JSAs onsite.

Countering the De-merits of Conventional JSA

The e-JSA system enables the end user to adopt an efficient approach by performing workplace hazard
identifications and assessments in a systematic manner, and for each individual occupational task.
1. Enhances Workplace Safety
Gaining insight into all workplace hazards – e-JSA system has database of stored hazards and
controls with respect to the drilling activities and Drilling Equipment. Pre-populated/Inbuilt, hazard
and Controls categorization ensures that those responsible for hazard classification (Safety Engineers,
Rig Managers, Rig Operational Personnel, etc.) consider all or most likely options.
2. Simplifies and reduces Analysis & JSA Approval Time. Reduces Human efforts
The JSA approval Team is given with set criteria for scoring and approving JSAs. The criterion
depends on Job Steps; Tools; Hazards; Controls and Risk Rating. Automated communication of
assignments/reports reduces management time and overhead.e-JSA system allows cutting the safety
Management time and helps in spending more time on preventing injuries and in turn reducing costs.
It empowers HSE Team to practically eliminate safety system failures and reduce risk throughout the
organization.
Reduction in Human efforts: The system guided step by step approach during preparation of JSA
with pre populated and pre classified Hazards and consequences ensures that potential hazards and
consequences are not missed out, thereby increasing Safety aspect by multifold.
3. Improve Collaboration
Eliminating any duplication – The user gets the notification message and is not allowed to create a
new JSA if the JSA for the same activity already exists. In this situation the user has to make required
changes in the existing JSA and thereby avoiding any duplicate JSAs onsite.
As the JSA implementation time and dates are captured in the system; the JSA document serves as
a valid proof of JSA implementation on site and also the JSAs can be tracked easily by the Leadership
Team for any critical tasks onsite.
SPE-183477-MS 9

The e-JSA system is programmed such that it doesn't allow end use to submit the JSA without
ensuring all the mandatory requirements in JSA are fulfilled such as Residual Risk; Action party/
Assignment for Controls; JSA Team Members; Rig Name; etc.
4. Cost-benefits: Accidents/incidents are considerably prevented because of the improvement in quality

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& usage of JSA, which not only resulted in cost benefits due to non stop operations, but also helped in
removing inherent fears of accidents in the employees. JSA creation & approval cycle time is reduced
by 80%.
5. Operational Performance Benefits: This system is being used/accessed by approximately 400
users(40 rigs X 10 users) to complete their jobs. Electronic access coupled with access log control
instilled a strong culture of JSA usage which has resulted in increased operational performance. Each
minute saved in searching/accessing a JSA through the new system results in approximate saving of
400 minutes per job across the organization.

How the process works functionally as per JSA logic

The use of the e-JSA ensures a systematic evaluation of those hazards and conditions that are often subject
to requirements that are not always apparent to personnel that have not been specifically trained to evaluate
for those requirements.

In depth explanation of e-JSA process/Steps

The subsequent points shall be taken into account during hazard identification and analysis process:
➢ Location/area where the task will be performed (Rig Floor; Mud Tanks/Pits; Cellar; Engine Area; etc.)
➢ The work Environment
➢ Activities happening in the vicinity of the task area. Are there any SIMOPs (Simultaneous operation)
ongoing?
➢ Critical Steps in the tasks – ensuring they are rig specific.
➢ Identification of tools from the given NDC standard tool list
➢ Equipment & Tools functionality and its adaptability to the task
➢ Considering the hazards from the given Hazard and Consequences Template as per NDC operations
and scope of work.
• Motion Hazards
• Electrical Hazards
• Temperature Hazard
• Radiation Hazard
• Pressure Hazard
• Gravity Hazard – Work at Heights
• Fire Hazard
• Explosion Hazard
• Biological Hazard
• Chemical Hazard
• Ergonomics Hazard
• Contamination Hazard

1. Start the e-JSA for a Task; ensure the following:

• Confirm the scope of task for the JSA – It is effectively identified and explained.
• The JSA is new or review of the old JSA will be done while discussing the same.
10 SPE-183477-MS

• The JSA Team and JSA authors are clearly identified (Ensure minimum required participation;
i.e. all key personnel involved in the task are present)
• All personnel understand the Scope of work; current site operation; their roles and
responsibilities for the Task

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2. Begin hazard identification viewing – the master list with the JSA Team
3. Identify specific sub hazards under each Hazard section, the related consequences, or constraints
(include interfacing hazards and co-located work impacts) based on known and expected site
conditions, and potential for changing conditions.
4. Participate in an appropriate level of assessment of the work process to understand the extent
of potential hazards and environmental or location factors that may influence PEAR (Personnel;
Environment; Assets and Reputation)
5. Review applicable work history, and Safety Alerts/Flashes, and other work documents (like HSE
Manual References; Standard Operating Procedures; etc.) including a previous e-JSA if available, in
the initial hazard identification
6. Identify the technical requirements and regulations that will apply to the hazard analysis.
7. Check if the equipment; tools or any other conditions could introduce new hazards before starting to
work on the corresponding controls measures.
8. Conduct a survey in the area where the task will be carried out to determine if equipment, materials
and special tools, or environmental conditions could introduce new hazards.
9. Inspect the work-area where the activity will be conducted to evaluate site conditions and adjacent
activities for any potential hazards.
10. Organize the e-JSA Team meeting and complete the new e-JSA.
During the e-JSA Team meeting, review the work scope, any results from the site area inspection,
and the hazards and controls from the existing pre-populated list. Required administrative controls
such as Permits; Training should also be discussed during the meeting. For efficiency and effectiveness
it is recommended that the site leadership team complete as much of the e-JSA, as possible before
convening the e-JSA Team meeting.
11. Discuss and analyze the hazards identified in the Initiated e-JSA during the preliminary analysis
(Hazards Preliminary screen and Hazards and Control Details screens). Discuss results of the
completed Specific Analysis actions.
12. Finalize the selection of controls, control details, and application of the controls to the corresponding
hazard and to the appropriate step in the task.
13. Use the old JSAs in the same Section to verify compliance to any standards or regulations. The
concerned SMEs as per JSA section (Maintenance; Operations; Lifting; etc.) review the identified
hazards and controls for accuracy, and compliance to standards and regulations during the approval
process.
14. Confirm e-JSA and assign the final completed status designation by submitting it. Ensure that the JSA
Team onsite attaches the pictures/layout of the equipment or tools if deemed necessary.
15. Approval Team approves the e-JSA and makes changes if required.

Review of Existing General e-JSA / Creating Version

General JSA: JSA which is common and not specific to any site or rig. It is used when there is no rig specific
JSA available with rig specific hazards and controls mentioned.
1. When a General JSA is used, the work scope and the site where the work is to be performed is
reviewed; to ensure that the information in the JSA precisely reflects the rig specific (equipment;
hazards; controls) and current work conditions.
SPE-183477-MS 11

2. When a JSA already exists for the work, identify the JSA and verify its appropriateness to the rig
type; equipment and task / work scope.
3. Initiate a revision – Version of the JSA; by creating a copy of the JSA and make changes based on the
changing hazards; control requirements and then submit the JSA for the approval process as usual

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4. Prior to submission; evaluate the rig site conditions; equipments; and its controls especially
engineering Safety Controls.
5. An official version or copy of the JSA is not performed until it is evident that any JSA field change
would be required for the work to be performed.
6. Implement the Newly approved i.e. modified JSA to the work and ensure regular review.
7. The General JSA is reviewed and revised when:
a. A new procedure is introduced that may have an impact on safety if controls are not sufficient.
b. When hazards change or new hazards are identified while carrying out the work.
c. When there is a significant change in the work Environment
d. When new tools/equipment are introduced
e. When the work activity/task results in an Incident (accident; Nearmiss; Property Damage) and
Safety Flash/Alert is issued.
f. When the controls are identified as ineffectual.
g. At least annually unless otherwise driven by procedure review due date or client requirements.
Reviewed JSA or the JSA with new version replaces the old JSA in the e-JSA system. From the end user
point; the JSAs with the latest version are only visible.
The Figure 7.0 below shows the e-JSA workflow at different levels:

Figure 7.0

Proactive Output from Reactive Input

Learning from the past experiences of your own and others has long been an industry recognized tool. No
exception is Oil and Gas industry; where incident prevention is of prime importance in the organization's
12 SPE-183477-MS

Health and Safety Management system. It is important to keep the right people up to date with failures in
equipment, process, procedures and substances used in the workplace. Industry safety flashes disseminate
important information on incidents and potential hazards and the lessons learnt from them that can help
prevent incidents occurring elsewhere in the industry.

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In addition to circulating the Safety Flashes/Alerts, on incidents it is crucial to identify the faults in the
procedures and update them to avoid the similar incidents on their work locations.
Hence; there is a compelling need of real time integration of internal/external Alerts (Safety Flash) to the
rig activities and ensuring prior application of the suggested controls; thereby having a positive impact on
People, Environment, Assets and Reputation (PEAR).
Aim of Safety Alert: Safety alerts are for major faults/accidents that would result in a serious or
fatal injury and where immediate remedial action is required.
Safety alerts are issued when there is a specific safety issue that without immediate action being taken
could result in a serious or fatal injury. When dangerous equipment, processes, procedures or substances
are identified during or after an investigation or as the result of a notification from the company within
or industry globally, HSE department may need to notify users and other stakeholders of the danger. HSE
department may also need to notify other users of the steps that need to be taken to rectify the fault or protect
people against it; a safety alert is one way of achieving this.
Alerts on the incidents within NDC locations are issued post consultation of experts for relevance, clarity,
and applicability within varied Disciplines/Divisions in National Drilling Company (NDC). Alerts related to
incidents occurred elsewhere are retrieved from IADC (International Association of Drilling Contractors),
other international drilling companies websites as well as ADNOC sister companies. The approach adopted
is of utilizing e-JSA system to insert the Safety Alert into the relevant JSA activity. Therefore enabling the
users to refer/use Lessons Learnt document (Safety Alert) prior to carrying out any activity and enforcing
persons to be aware of the related Safety Alert parameters and hence being proactive in prevention of
incidents.
There is no denying that continuous capturing and linking lessons learned to each specific activity in NDC
takes effort. But this effort has produced tremendous benefits in terms of Safety of Personnel and Assets, as
it applies the specialist knowledge from every discipline into producing a Safety Alert/Flash and linking it
to the specific activity on which the incident has occurred. In view of all relevant safety alerts/lessons learnt,
the risks trends are being generated corrective actions are being implemented in all related activities. These
trends are leading indicators for Hazard Operability studies (HAZOP) of designing and commissioning of
new rigs and effective preventative maintenance program (Asset integrity improvements). This indicates a
much needed pre-emptive acceleration in safeguarding PEAR at all levels of NDC and thereby a positive
impact on cost factor and organization's reputation in addition to human safety and equipment damage.
Usage of this system ensures that the discussion and use of Lessons Learnt becomes a routine practice
for field staff before carrying out the activities in which the incident has occurred in Oil and Gas Industry.
Awareness and implementation of controls when it is needed the most (before carrying out the specific
activity) also helps in preventing the incident at its inception. Thereby a positive impact on individual
behavior; uplifting the safety culture and maintaining a safe work environment as a whole.

Indirect Output and Advantage

The e-JSA system is divided into different rig sections and under each section there are activities which are
related to that section or within the scope of that section/area. The Safety Flash for past three years (Internal
and External) is attached to the particular activity and every rig using that activity is now in a position to
readily view the safety Flash and take necessary precautions.
The below graph plot shows the no of Safety Alerts versus the Rig Sections. This will clearly identify
the Section/Area at Rig site with the High Risk Level.
SPE-183477-MS 13

Each section is now analyzed separately and a graph is now plotted with respect to the No of Safety
Alerts per Activity type. This will now clearly indicate the Activity under each Section/Area which I sat
High Risk Level.
Apart from being highlighted during rigs normal operational phase; the below trends can be used during

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Rigs Major Maintenance every 5 years and HAZOP during Rigs Design and Constructions. Each activity
is analyzed and reviewed to check the possibility of eliminating the hazard or reducing the risk within the
equipment itself.
Figure 8.0 below shows the screen view of JSA table where safety flash document is attached.

Figure 8.0

Section Wise Breakdown of Safety Alerts

The Below pie chart, Figure 9.0 shows the number of Safety Alerts per Section.

Figure 9.0

Observation: From above we observe that the Rig Floor activities are involved in maximum percentage
of Incidents within and outside NDC.
14 SPE-183477-MS

Further Breakdown and Analysis of Each Section and Activity with respect to the Risk Level
Sample 1: Figure 10.0 shows breakdown of safety alerts per activity for Derrick section

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Figure 10.0

Observation: The above graph clearly indicates that the below two activities need special attention in
terms of risk and incident probability.

• Climbing to Monkey Board / Crown block

• Work at Stabbing Board

Result

• NDC has increased WAH Training for every person onsite

• WAH Train the Trainer course for Rig Safety Engineers

• Modification of stabbing board design

• Use of alternative work method for Stabbing Board

• Elimination of Work at Stabbing Board under strict Supervision and Permit-to-Work.

• Introducing the annual replacement Policy for the Stabbing Board Safety Control - Emergency
Sky Lock
• Installation of Camera for continuous monitoring at Stabbing board and Monkey Board

Sample 2: Figure 11.0 shows breakdown of safety alerts per activity for Mud system
SPE-183477-MS 15

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Figure 11.0

Observation: The above graph clearly indicates that Handling Jumbo bag for Mixing Operation is High
risk Activity and therefore rigs need special attention for this.
Result: NDC has implemented a Jumbo Bag winch which is handled remotely by the persons and thereby
eliminating the hazard of contact with Jumbo Bags.
Sample 3: Figure 12.0 shows breakdown of safety alerts per activity for Rig Floor Section

Figure 12.0

Observations: The above graph clearly indicates that Racking Drill Pipes needs special attention.
Result: Company has introduced Pipe Racking System which eliminates the Work at Height and handling
of Drill Pipes. It is remotely operated and therefore minimal interaction with the equipment.
Sample 4: Figure 13.0 shows breakdown of safety alerts per activity for Maintenance Section
16 SPE-183477-MS

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Figure 13.0

Observation: The above graph indicates that Adjusting Drawork Brakes is a high risk activity.
Result: Company has introduced; Strict Supervision and identified this job as Critical. The Job will fall
under Permit to Work with no other simultaneous operation on the rig floor.

Value Addition to JSAs by Subject Matter Experts (SME)

One of the factors; as Safety Professionals we believe is essential for the proper completion of a JSA
process is that the JSA should be reviewed and feedback should be given about the manner in which it
was completed.
Subject Matter Experts, or SME's, are experts who have domain knowledge, authority, and credibility in
a specialty or field. Subject Matter Experts or SME's as they are more commonly referred to, are typically
technical experts in NDC in practice areas such as Drilling Operations; Maintenance; Lifting Operations;
Marine Operations; Well Services (such as Logging & Wireline) and HSE. The individual designated by
the Functional Manager to provide guidance and instruction for the implementation of requirements to be
applied at the JSA activity level.
SMEs have proved to be invaluable resources for understanding how the new JSA or change in JSA will
affect the work in question. In e-JSA; the objective of routing the JSA through SMEs is to accomplish a
JSA which is more authentic and credible with respect to the technicalities of the equipment being worked
upon and compliance with standards and ADNOC COPs.
Subject Matter Experts are a therefore a key component to a successful JSA creation.
Subject Matter experts bring:

• Extensive technical industry experience and knowledge to the JSA

SPE-183477-MS 17

• The ability to quickly assess, prioritize and execute those tasks in JSA which are most critical to
the company's HSE standard.
When it is learned that there will be introduction of new equipment or processes; then a need arises to

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amend and therefore to Create Version of the existing JSA. In this situation SMEs valuable assistance works
very effectively because they are fully aware of how the new processes work; the required guidelines to
ensure strict compliance with the related standards (for the newly introduced equipment and activities) and
to keep the Risk within tolerable limits at the same time.
SMEs are invaluable resources for understanding how the change will affect the site/area where the
change in the process will take place, and how to introduce change so that it will be received in the most
positive way. Therefore including SMEs in JSA approval cycle ensures so that they are current in where
we are.

Overall Results e-JSA System

1. Increased level of Incident Awareness: Recent site visits have revealed that every crew member is
well aware of the accident/incident occurred.
2. Accidents related to the particular activity are now highlighted to the crew while discussing the JSA
during Pre-job Safety Meetings.
3. The personnel involved are now immediately notified prior to the job that certain accident has taken
place within or outside the company and therefore they adopt the control strategy in a much proactive
manner against the failure mentioned in the Safety Alert.
4. Since the Safety Alerts are attached to the activities on a live system; there is no need of record-
keeping in the system and maintain the files manually.
5. The Rig Leadership is now always updated of the accident/failures occurred.
6. The recommendations and causes in the Safety Flash have served as an effective tool in JSA updates
and revision.
7. BSA – Behavioral Safety audits onsite have now revealed improvement in Safety behavior amongst
crew since the awareness level is more as compared to before.
8. Management Visits onsite have observed that past incidents are discussed as part of Pre-Job Safety
Meeting more often and personnel awareness have increased.
9. As a result the overall JSA quality is improved since the integration of safety alerts to the e-JSA
system.

Innovation
Traditionally JSA documents were created, approved, published and stored in word format. Following is
the list of sustainable innovations of the e-JSA system:

• Cutting-edge Technology: e-JSA uses SAP's UI technology ‘Floor Plan Manager’ which is
intutive and also enforces UI standards across the organization. FPM is SAP's strategic UI for
future and by using this technology NDC falls in line with SAP's UI strategy.
• Step-by-step Guidance: e-JSA system guides the user with pre-populated hazard types, hazards
and consequences to ensure nothing is missed. The hazards & consequences are standardized across
the organization which eliminates different terminology by different users.
• Document Management: e-JSA system does not store the document, instead it stores relavant data
and dynamically generates document(PDF) on the fly, thereby reducing document management
overheads.
18 SPE-183477-MS

• Audit Trial: e-JSA system captures person, date & time at every activity (View, Print, Create,
Submit, Approve, Deletion) which gives complete audit trial of the document along with time taken
for each activity. The audit trial comes handy while conducting accident investigations.
• Version Management: e-JSA system creates versions and maintains data version wise. This

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releives the authors from maintaing versions. The system shows latest version of JSA(by default)
and completely eliminates human error of using old JSA's.
• Architecture: e-JSA system is developed with open architecture, so that same development can
be adapted to mobile technology in future.

Benchmarking Study
NDC requested for a third party review on several HSE system tools including e-JSA system, which
are currently used at NDC rigs, to assess the level of compliance with NDC HSE procedures, ADNOC
COPs, effectiveness of the implementation and benchmarking with other drilling contractors operating in
the region. The benchmark analysis was done by comparing NDC HSE system tools with the HSE tools
used by three other companies that also carry out drilling activities, namely Kuwait Oil Company (KOC),
Petroleum Development Oman (PDO) and Abu Dhabi Company for Onshore Oil Operations (ADCO). The
benchmarking result with reference to the e-JSA system is explained with respect to the below chart: that
e-JSA compliance is very high and this can be attributed to a very practical system and high awareness of
relevant personnel on the system and its importance.
Figure 14.0 shows sample rig wise Compliance score

Figure 14.0

Transferability
Job Safety Analysis is an integral part of OIL & GAS Industry, hence the knowledge gained through this
automation can be transferred to any company in Oil & Gas sector. Infact the approach can be transferred
to companies who do risk assessment & control.
Within Business Units: Currently JSA is being used by rigs only. The e-JSA system can be effortlessly
transferred to other units within the organization like Bida al Oshana welding work shop, wireline workshop,
Musaffah warehouse etc.
SPE-183477-MS 19

Within Group Companies:The e-JSA system architecture can be used by group companies to
complement their safety process. Group companies with SAP, can copy the software and adapt/implement
the new system to their specific needs within a short.
Within Region:Time and Again NDC has shown its commitment to HSE, e-JSA system design is

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another feather in the cap. Other regional companies can follow suit NDC's approach to increase operational
efficiency.

Conclusion
The 360 degreee view and benefits e-JSA system has offered towards enhancing safety at NDC rig sites
has proved beyond doubt that this easy to use potential tool with continuous year on year improvement will
continue to contribute towards HSE improvement for NDC rigs and facilities.
Figure 15.0 shows the 360 degeree view of e-JSA system.

Figure 15.0
20 SPE-183477-MS

Acknowledgements
With appreciation and great pleasure we acknowledge Mr. Tewfik Bouabdallah and Mr. Hatim Khalifa for
their invaluable contribution towards this paper.
The Authors would also like to acknowledge and thank the HSE; IS&T Department and the management

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of National Drilling Company for the encouragement and support.

References
1. OSHA website: https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/oilandgas/
job_safety_analysis_sample_worksheet.html
2. Directions in Safety by Ted S Ferry- CSP
3. Accident Prevention Manual for Industrial Operation by Frank E.Mc Elray.
4. IADC: International Association of Drilling Contractors https://www.iadc.org
5. http://www.oshrisk.org/docs/Job_Safety_Analysis.pdf
6. Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Safety: Automatic Safety Checking of Construction
Models and Schedules http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0926580512000799
7. BS OHSAS 18001:2007 Occupational health and safety management systems – Requirements,
London, UK., BSI Group.
8. Abu Dhabi National Oil Company website: www.adnoc.ae
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Shown below are some sample screen from e-JSA System.

Hazard Sample Screen

In Built Controls:
SPE-183477-MS

Permits
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SPE-183477-MS

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