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Electrical Interview Questions On Protection

The document discusses various electrical protection devices used in substations including busbar, bus coupler, bus section, feeder, transformer, and motor protections. It provides 35 questions related to the applications and operating principles of these protection devices.

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daniel
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68 views

Electrical Interview Questions On Protection

The document discusses various electrical protection devices used in substations including busbar, bus coupler, bus section, feeder, transformer, and motor protections. It provides 35 questions related to the applications and operating principles of these protection devices.

Uploaded by

daniel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electrical Interview Questions on Protection

( Busbar, Buscoupler, Bussection, Feeder, Trafo)


1. Explain Busbar protection?
2. Explain Bus Coupler protection?
3. Explain Bus Section protection?
4. Explain Feeder protection?
5. Explain Line protection?
6. Explain Transformer protection?
7. Explain Motor Protection?
8. Explain Shunt reactor protection?
9. What is trip circuit supervision relay?
10. What is post and pre condition for trip circuit supervision relay?
11. What are lock out relays?
12. What is isolator replica? How it is used?
13. What is dead zone?
14. How faults are detected in dead zone?
- Case 1: Consider one CT
15. - Case 2: Consider two CT
16. - Case 3: Consider CTs not covering Breaker and CT zone.
17. How many bay units can be configured to Central unit in Busbar protection?
18. What is the need of duplicating lock out relays?
19. How groups are formed for each protection to lock out relays?
20. Why DC is duplicated?
21. Why relays are duplicated to achieve similar protection?
22. How is signal list prepared?
23. How synchronization takes place?
24. What is check zone?
25. What is discrimination zone?
26. Which type of cable used for connecting IEDs?
27. Which type of cable used for PC to IED?
28. Which type of connector used for FO cable to connect to IED?
29. What information Bay unit have?
30. What is self monitoring of relays?
31. what are high impedance schemes?
32. What are low impedance schemes?
33. Where are 31. and 32. used?
34. For differential protection, what tripping conditions must be fulfilled?
35. Explain the Breaker failure logic?
36. Explain intertrip?
37. Explain, how or logic for intertrip during Busbar operation?
38. What type of relay senses closing onto fault?
39. How are disconnector monitored?
40. How is breaker fail monitored from maloperating?
41. How are settings of busbar protection achieved?
42. What do you do to distance protection, when Voltage transformer's MCB (miniature
circuit breaker trips)?
43. What are the annunciation in Feeder protection?
44. What is the switching order to close earth switch?
45. What is the switching order to close circuit breaker?
46. What is automatic switching?
47. What is on load transfer?
48. What is to be taken care of while closing disconnector?
49. What is pole discrepancy relay?
50. What is anti pumping?
51. What can be problems with Circuit breaker?
52. What are SF6 Stages for alarm and trip for circuit breaker?
53. When does Circuit breaker lock out?
54. John, I will try to explain what i know about busbar protection as i am not a protection
engineer. On many installations busbar zone protection is not considered necessary or its
use is limited to important substations.Apparently it is justified by the fact that a busbar
fault is very unlikely and even if one should occur it would be cleared by another
protection. Busbar protection must detect and clear faults within the zone and not trip for
a fault at another location.

If all Current Transformers,all having the same ratio are mounted on every circuit
connected to the busbar and are connected in parallel then a fault external to the busbar
will result in a balance of all CT currents which will not initiate the high impedance
relay,but if the fault is on the busbar then the protection will operate. Additionally to this
where the design of the switchboard allows for a bus section switch which divides the
switchgear into two sections.a fault on either side will trip that section only and leave the
healthy section intact. It should be noted that in the bus section switch the CT`s are cross
connected ie those on one side are connected to the other side and vice versa.This ensures
that all the busbar,including the bus section switch itself will result in a complete loss of
busbar. I hope this helps,let me know?
55. Reply to this post...
56.

57.
Posted by samo on 1 August, 2008 - 12:56 am

58. Kevinr...

Everyone can read the T.Davies book on industrial power systems. Any ideas of your
own?
59. Reply to this post...
60.

61.
Posted by Subhro Roy on 7 May, 2007 - 10:23 pm

62. Hello,
Bus zone protection is a unit protection (meaning a protection with a restricted zone,
therefore does not need to be coordinated with other time based protections) specifically
for MV/HV switchgear protection of Busbars and Circuit Breakers. Generally always
Circuit Breakers are included in the zone of Busbar protection. They are of two types
from point of view of principle of operation: High impedance and Low impedance types.

From the point of view of zones of protection they are classified into discriminating and
check zone protections.

High impedance differential protection for the MV Switchgear Bus bar protection use the
principle of comparison of currents by paralleling the secondaries of identical (both ratio
and parameters) current transformers to a current operated relay and a stabilizing resistor
in series, with a voltage limiting device across the combination. It is a very simple,
reliable and fast operating scheme provided CTs and stabilizing resistors have been
selected properly for stability against operation by through fault currents outside the zone
of operation. For HV switchgears with more than one bus bars and switching isolators
etc, the low impedance differential relay is used which is a costlier solution. However, it
permits different CT ratios. These are numerical protection relays.

Please refer to the litrature of MCAG. MFAC and Micom P740 Relays from Alstom
T&D web site for more details of High and low impedance Bus zone protection.

63. Reply to this post...

64.

65.
Posted by SIKANDER on 12 April, 2008 - 3:17 am

66. Dear John,

I will tell you something which I know related to your question.

In HV switchgear the zone of protection is segregated according to the position of the bus
section or bus coupler. Mainly the selection of zone should be overlapping each other.
Then only it will protect the system entirely from wherever the fault occurs.

For example, we have one bus coupler & 6 cable feeders on either side of the bus
coupler. In this condition we need to provide 2 zones & 1 check zone. We have two trip
relays on 2 different zones (zone 1 & 2). The CT connected to the corresponding zone
will give initiation to the particular zone trip relay. Then the breaker will get trippped

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