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Backend Performance
System Design Roadmap https://roadmap.sh
Caching Optimize API Response
Utilize caching mechanisms (HTTP, Server/Client, CDN) Enforce reasonable payload size limits
Use cache aside, write-through, or read-through caching Enable compression for responses
patterns based on your application requirements.
Implement e!cient pagination for large datasets
Implement caching at various levels such as database
Minimise unnecessary processing or expensive
query results, HTML fragments, or even full-page caching.
computation on the server.
Use proper cache-invalidation strategies to ensure data
consistency and prevent stale content issues. Asynchronism
Databases
O"load heavy tasks to background jobs or queues
Utilize message brokers for async communication
Use connection pooling to reduce connection overhead
between services.
Fine-tune connection pool settings (e.g. max connections
idle timeout, connection reuse params) to optimize Load Balancing & Scaling
resource utilization and prevent connection exhaustion.
Create e!cient database indexes Use Horizontal or Vertical scaling whatever appropriate
Keep an eye on and fine-tune ORM queries. Use load balancing to distribute tra!c across servers
Utilize features such as lazy loading, eager loading,
Code Optimization
and batch processing to optimize data retrieval.
Implement e!cient pagination for large datasets
Implement streaming of large requests/responses
Avoid SELECT * queries and fetch only required columns
Profile your code to identify performance bottlenecks
Consider denormalizing database schema for ready-heavy
Optimize algorithms and data structures used
workloads and reduce JOIN operations.
Identify and optimize critical paths or frequently
Optimize JOIN operations and avoid unnecessary joins accessed endpoints for overall system health.
Regularly clean up unused data and perform database Consider using compiled languages like Go or Rust for
maintenance tasks like vacuuming, indexing, and performance-critical parts of your backend.
optimizing queries.
Look into di"erent architectural styles (SOA,
Enable slow-query logging and keep an eye on that. Micro services) and decompose services if required.
Set up database replication for redundancy and Set appropriate connection timeouts and implement
improved read performance. e!cient retry mechanism to handle network issues
Use DB sharding for data distribution if required.
Batch similar requests together to minimize overhead
Use profiling tools o"ered by your database. and reduce the number of round trips.
Security Monitoring and Logging
Keep your dependencies up to date Implement comprehensive monitoring and logging
Implement proper authentication and authorization to to track performance metrics and troubleshoot issues
prevent unauthorized access. Use tools like Prometheus, Grafana, ELK stack.
Implement request throttling and rate limiting
Use asynchronous logging mechanisms to minimise
Regularly audit and update security measures the logging overhead.
Performance Testing Network
Conduct regular performance testing and benchmarking Minimize network latency by hosting your backend
to identify performance regressions, track improvements, close to your users.
and fine-tune optimization e"orts over time. Utilize HTTP keep-alive to reduce connection overhead
Use CDNs for static and frequently accessed assets
Prefetch or preload resources, data, or dependencies
required for subsequent requests to minimise latency
Continue Learning with following relevant tracks
Backend Roadmap System Design Roadmap
