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Computer Networks I 2

The document discusses computer networking concepts including local and wide area networks, IPv4 addressing classes and public vs private addresses. It also covers network topologies, Cisco Packet Tracer and common networking commands.

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18 views

Computer Networks I 2

The document discusses computer networking concepts including local and wide area networks, IPv4 addressing classes and public vs private addresses. It also covers network topologies, Cisco Packet Tracer and common networking commands.

Uploaded by

mhammadnjmaden45
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

Erbil Polytechnic University

Khabat Technical Institute


IT Department – Morning
2nd Semester
2020 - 2021

Practical Lab Report


Computer Networks I

Prepared By :
Abdulkhalq Jalal Latif

Supervised By :
Mr. Frsat Fakhir
Contents

1. Introduction to Computer Networks….

2. Steps of computer networking practically….

3. Introduction to Cisco packet tracer ….

4. Types of Computer Networks by Csico Packet :

1. Coverage area (LAN vs. WAN)….


2. Topology (Star , Mesh , Bus , Ring)….

5. Class C IPv4 address ….

6. Computer networking testing commands ….

7. Class A and B IPv4 addresses ….

8. Public and Private IPv4 addresses ….


1- Introduction to Computer Networks :
Computer Network

Photo at night of a monkey-bar-like structure with lights on it—


resembles a constellation of stars.A computer network or data
network is a telecommunications network which allows computers
to exchange data. In computer networks, networked computing
devices pass data to each other along network links (data
connections). The connections between nodes are established
using either cable media or wireless media. The best-known
computer network is the Internet.

2- Steps of computer networking practically :

1. Connect your router. The router is the gateway between the


Internet and your home network.
2. Access the router's interface and lock it down.
3. Configure security and IP addressing.
4. Set up sharing and control.
5. Set up user accounts.
3- Introduction to Cisco packet tracer :

Packet Tracer is a cross-platform visual simulation tool designed


by Cisco Systems that allows users to create network topologies and
imitate modern computer networks. The software allows users to
simulate the configuration of Cisco routers and switches using a
simulated command line interface.

4- Types of Computer Networks by


Csico Packet :

1- Coverage area (WAN vs.LAN) :


WAN :
A wide area network (WAN) is a telecommunications network that
extends over a large geographic area for the primary purpose
of computer networking. Wide area networks are often established
with leased telecommunication circuits.
LAN :
A local area network (LAN) is a group of computers and peripheral
devices that share a common communications line or wireless link to a
server within a distinct geographic area. A local area network may
serve as few as two or three users in a home office or thousands of
users in a corporation's central office.
2- Topology (Star , Mesh , Bus , Ring)

Star Topology :
A star topology is a topology for a Local Area Network (LAN) in which
all nodes are individually connected to a central connection point, like a
hub or a switch. A star takes more cable than e.g. a bus, but the benefit
is that if a cable fails, only one node will be brought down.
Mesh Topology :

A mesh topology is a network setup where each computer and network


device is interconnected with one another. This topology setup allows
for most transmissions to be distributed even if one of the connections
goes down. It is a topology commonly used for wireless networks.
Bus Topology :

A bus topology is a topology for a Local Area Network (LAN) in which


all the nodes are connected to a single cable. The cable to which the
nodes connect is called a "backbone". If the backbone is broken, the
entire segment fails.
Ring Topology :

A ring topology is a network configuration where device connections


create a circular data path. Each networked device is connected to two
others, like points on a circle. Together, devices in a ring topology are
referred to as a ring network.
5- Class C IPv4 adress :

- IPv4 addresses 32 bit binary addresses (divided into 4 octets) used


by the Internet Protocol (OSI Layer 3) for delivering packet to a
device located in same or remote network. MAC address
(Hardware address) is a globally unique address which represents
the network card and cannot be changed.
- IPv4 address refers to a logical address, which is a configurable
address used to identify which network this host belongs to and
also a network specific host number.
- In other words, an IPv4 address consists of two parts; a network
part and a host part.
6- Computer networking testing commands :

Top 9 Networking Command


• Ping. Ping is used to testing a network host capacity to interact
with another host. ...
• NetStat. Netstat is a Common TCP – IP networking command-line
method present in most Windows, Linux, UNIX, and other
operating systems. ...
• Ip Config. ...
• Hostname. ...
• Tracert. ...
• Nslookup. ...
• Route. ...
• ARP
7- Class A and B IPv4 addresses :

Pv4 addresses Class A and Class B are 32-bit numbers that are typically
displayed in dotted decimal notation. A 32-bit address contains two
primary parts: the network prefix and the host number. All hosts within
a single network share the same network address. Each host also has
an address that uniquely identifies it.

8- Public and Private IPv4 addresses

A public IP address is an IP address that can be accessed over


the Internet. Like postal address used to deliver a postal mail to
your home, a public IP address is the globally unique IP
address assigned to a computing device. Your public IP
address can be found at What is my IP Address page. Private
IP address, on the other hand, is used to assign computers
within your private space without letting them directly expose to
the Internet. For example, if you have multiple computers within
your home you may want to use private IP addresses to
address each computer within your home. In this scenario, your
router gets the public IP address, and each of the computers,
tablets and smartphones connected to your router (via wired or
wifi) gets a private IP address from your router
via DHCP protocol.
Reference :-

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/difference-between-
private-and-public-ip-addresses

https://www.newhorizons.com/article/networking-
basics-3-steps-to-sharpen-your-networking-skills-
and-advance-your-career

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/zeliite115/chapter/
reading-computer- network/

https://www.guru99.com/lan-vs-wan.html

https://beginnersbook.com/2019/03/introduction-to-
computer-network/

https://www.iplocation.net/public-vs-private-ip-
address

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