Advanced Materials Manufacturing & Characterization Vol 3 Issue 1 (2013)
Advanced Materials
Manufacturing & Characterization
journal home page: www.ijammc-griet.com
Design of Air Condition & Distribution Systems
P.Divakara Rao3, Krishnam Raju2, V.Sreenivasulu3, K.Santosh1
Mechanical Engineering, J.B.I.E.T.(Autonomous) Hyderabad.
ARTICLE INFO A B S T R A C T
Article history:
Received 15Dec 2012 The objective of an Air conditioning (heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning) system is to control the
Accepted 26 Dec 2012 temperature, humidity, air movement, and air cleanliness, normally with mechanical means, to achieve
thermal comfort. Centralized HVAC system
Keywords: installations utilize a number of separate components that are field assembled to serve the specific
Centralized Hvac, needs of an individual building.
Single Duct,
Constant Volume,
Single Zone Systems.
Introduction
Distribution components convey a heating or cooling occupied spaces. In this paper we will focus on the various
medium from source-located service generators to portions of design options pertaining to cooling and heating air
a building that require conditioning. Delivery components distribution .
serve as an interface between the distribution system and
All - air systems
As the name implies, in an “all – air” system air is used as the space where it will heat or cool the space as required, and
media that transports energy from the conditioned space to the return via return air ducts back to the AHU or RTP. Air
A/C plant. In these systems air is processed in the A/C plant and Handling Units contain a cooling coil (connected to a chiller
this processed air is then conveyed to the conditioned space or condensing unit), a heating coil (connected to boilers or
through insulated ducts using blowers and fans. This air extracts electric heaters), filters, and one or more circulating
(or supplies in case of winter) the required amount of sensible fans.[3,4]
and latent heat from the conditioned space. The return air from
the conditioned space is conveyed back to the plant, where it Roof Top Packages contain a refrigerant cooling cycle,
again undergoes the required processing thus completing the heating coils (connected to boilers or electric heaters),
cycle. No additional processing of air is required in the filters, and one or more circulating fans.A schematic
conditioned space. [1,6] arrangement of an All-Air system with its major components
The system is categorized by the use of air-handling units is shown below.
(AHU) or roof top packages (RTP) to condition air. The
conditioned air is sent through ductwork to the occupied
________________
Corresponding author: V.Sreenivasulu
E-mail address: [email protected]
Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.11127/ijammc.2013.02.054
Copyright@GRIET Publications. All rights reserved.
297
All-air systems require the majority of air supplied to a space beduct system or through plenums formed by various elements of a
returned to the air-handling unit for reconditioning, or exhaustedbuilding, such as a suspended ceiling or the building structure
from the building. This "return" air may be conveyed in a return air
Dual duct systems
The dual-duct system employs two air ducts; one cold The cold and hot streams flow through separate and parallel ducts.
air duct and one warm air duct from the air-handler to the The ducts are not necessarily of equal size, depending upon
conditioned spaces. Figure below shows the schematic of a dual building heating and cooling loads. Before each conditioned space
duct, constant volume system. As shown in the figure, the supply or zone, the cold and hot air streams are mixed in required
air fan splits the flow into two streams. One stream flow through proportions using a mixing box arrangement, which is controlled
the cooling coil and gets cooled and dehumidified to about 52°F, by the zone thermostat. The total volume of air supplied to each
while the other stream flows thru the heating coil and is heated zone remains constant; however, the supply air temperature
to about 95–110°F. varies depending upon load. The system is well suited for
providing temperature control of individual spaces or zones.
Return air is accomplished through a single duct system.
Parameters All-Air Air-Water All-Water
Systems Systems Systems
Temperature Good using Good, it uses Moderate,
modulation of central air- using
chilled water handling unit modulation or
through coils and the ‘on-off’ of
in air terminal unit valve to the
handling units coils for terminal
temperature units. Air
control. The control is also
control is possible using
achieved 2 or 3 speed
through fan motor.
Let’s check the relationship between the three systems modulation of
with respect to their ability to control the six main chilled water
HVAC parameters. These are temperature, relative through air-
humidity, pressure, air composition, particulates, and handling coil
air velocity. and usually
using “on-off”
solenoid valve
at the
terminal
units.
Relative Moderate Good, it relies Poor using
Humidity using coils for primarily on chilled water
dehumidificat the atlow
ion and dehumidificat temperature
humidifiers in ion through atthe
the chilled terminalunits.
298
Design of Air handing Unit:
In case where air is one of the fluids, the most
economical Heat exchanger is usually the finned tube
employing some form of cross flow arrangement
Conclusions
The load calculations and equipment selection
calculations have been done keeping in view all the
practical aspects of design. The infiltration through swing
doors and windows were reduced by providing proper
insulations to all doors and windows. The cooling load
was reduced by about 30% to 50% by sealing the control
room and there by reducing cost of plant. Ventilation
was provided by adding 75% of re-circulated air from
control room to 25% of fresh outside air. The entire
conditioned air is delivered to control room through sheet
metal ducts. Unitary type of system was preferred because
it has the advantage of moderate initial cost.
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The Economist 17 July 2010, p. 83Howard, J (2003).
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