Republic of the Philippines
TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA
Ayala Boulevard, corner San Marcelino Street, Ermita, Manila 1000
College of Engineering Mechanical
Engineering Department
EC1 - M
Mechanical Engineering Elective 1
WRITTEN REPORT NO. 1
“Light Emitting Diode and
Arduino Uno”
SUBMITTED BY:
MARA, BRENT KLIFORD G.
BSME – 3A
SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. VINCENT RAUL C. ESPERANZA
FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
DATE OF
SUBMISSION: MARCH
21, 2024
ACTIVITY NO. 1
Light Emitting Diode and Arduino Uno
I. OBJECTIVE
a. Students will comprehend the fundamental principles of circuitry by
connecting and controlling a light-emitting diode (LED) using Arduino Uno,
thereby establishing a solid foundation in electronics.
b. Students will gain practical experience in programming through writing code
to control the behavior of the LED, fostering their understanding of the
relationship between software and hardware in embedded systems.
c. By successfully completing the activity, participants will develop confidence
in utilizing Arduino Uno as a versatile tool for prototyping and
experimenting with electronic projects, laying the groundwork for future
exploration and innovation in the field of physical computing.
II. MATERIALS
Arduino Uno or Uno R3 (1)
Breadboard (1)
LED (at least 2 pcs)
Jumper wires (7-10 pcs)
Push Buttons (2 pcs)
220 Ohm resistors (1-3 pcs)
USB Cable (1)
III. CONCEPT THEORY
The integration of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with Arduino Uno offers a fascinating
intersection of theory and practical application within the realm of electronics and embedded
systems.
LEDs, as semiconductor devices, operate based on the principles of electroluminescence,
where electrons recombine with electron holes within the device, emitting photons in the
process. This phenomenon is harnessed to produce light efficiently, making LEDs an
essential component in various electronic devices, from indicator lights to large-scale
displays.
Arduino Uno, on the other hand, serves as a versatile microcontroller platform, offering an
accessible entry point into the world of embedded systems development. Equipped with an
Atmega328 microcontroller, Arduino Uno provides an environment for programming and
controlling electronic components such as LEDs.
When combined, LEDs and Arduino Uno create a symbiotic relationship where theoretical
concepts meet practical implementation. The Arduino platform allows users to manipulate
LEDs programmatically, enabling a wide range of applications, from simple blinking
patterns to complex lighting effects.
From a theoretical standpoint, understanding the electrical characteristics of LEDs, such as
forward voltage and current requirements, is crucial for designing circuits that operate
reliably. Additionally, grasping concepts like PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) allows for
precise control of LED brightness, opening up possibilities for dynamic lighting effects.
Furthermore, the interaction between Arduino Uno and LEDs underscores broader concepts
in embedded systems design, including digital and analog input/output, signal processing,
and real-time control. Through hands-on experimentation with LEDs and Arduino Uno,
learners can deepen their understanding of these theoretical concepts while honing practical
skills in circuit design, programming, and troubleshooting.
In summary, the discussion surrounding light-emitting diodes and Arduino Uno encompasses
a rich tapestry of theoretical concepts and practical applications. By exploring the interplay
between semiconductor physics, microcontroller programming, and circuit design,
individuals can gain insights into both the fundamental principles and the creative potential
of these technologies in the realm of electronics and beyond.
IV. PROCEDURE
A. Turning "On” an LED Light Directly in the Arduino UNO:
STEPS:
1. Start by inserting the LED light into the breadboard. Then, connect the 220-ohms resistor to
the anode of the LED light.
2. Connect the negative lead of the LED light to the negative terminal of the
breadboard. Then, connect a jumper wire to the other leg of the resistor to the positive
terminal of the breadboard.
3. Connect a jumper wire from the positive terminal of the breadboard to the 5V pin of
the Arduino Uno and another jumper wire from the negative terminal of the
breadboard to the GROUND (GND) pin of the Arduino Uno.
4. Connect the Arduino Uno to the power supply.
B. Turning "On" an LED Light Directly in the Arduino UNO using a push button:
STEPS:
1. Start by inserting the LED light and the push button into the breadboard. Then,
connect a jumper wire from the anode of the LED light to the other leg of the push
button.
2. Connect the 220-ohms resistor to the other leg of the push button to the positive
terminal of the breadboard.
3. Connect a jumper wire from the cathode of the LED light to the negative terminal of
the breadboard.
4. Connect a jumper wire from the positive terminal of the breadboard to the 5V pin of
the Arduino Uno and another jumper wire from the negative terminal of the
breadboard to the GROUND (GND) pin of the Arduino Uno.
5. Connect the Arduino Uno to the power supply.
6. Finally, press the push button to illuminate the LED light.
C. Turning “ON” an LED Light Directly in Arduino UNO using a push button in series
STEPS:
1. Start by inserting the LED light and two push buttons into the breadboard. Then,
connect a jumper wire from the anode of the LED light to the 1 st leg of the push
button and connect another jumper wire from the 2 nd leg of the 1st push button to the
1st leg of the 2nd push button.
2. Connect the 220-ohms resistor to the other leg of the push button to the positive
terminal of the breadboard.
3. Connect a jumper wire from the cathode of the LED light to the negative terminal of
the breadboard.
4. Connect a jumper wire from the positive terminal of the breadboard to the 5V pin of
the Arduino Uno and another jumper wire from the negative terminal of the
breadboard to the GROUND (GND) pin of the Arduino Uno.
5. Connect the Arduino Uno to the power supply.
6. Finally, press at the same time both the push buttons to illuminate the LED light.
D. Turning “ON” an LED Light Directly in Arduino UNO using a push button
in parallel
STEPS:
1. Start by inserting the LED light and two push buttons into the breadboard. Then,
connect a jumper wire from the anode of the LED light to the 1 st leg of the 1st push
button and connect another jumper wire from the 1st leg of the 1 st push button to the
1st leg of the 2nd push button.
2. Connect a jumper wire from the 2 nd leg of the 1st push button to the 2nd leg of the 2nd
push button. Then, connect the 220-ohms resistor from the 2 nd leg of the 2 nd
push button to the positive terminal of the breadboard .
3. Connect a jumper wire from the cathode of the LED light to the negative terminal of
the breadboard.
4. Connect a jumper wire from the positive terminal of the breadboard to the 5V pin of
the Arduino Uno and another jumper wire from the negative terminal of
the breadboard to the GROUND (GND) pin of the Arduino Uno.
5. Connect the Arduino Uno to the power supply.
6. Finally, press either of the two push buttons to illuminate the LED light.
E. Blinking a Single LED Light
STEPS:
1. Start by inserting the LED light into the breadboard. Then, connect the 220-ohms resistor to
the anode of the LED light.
2. Connect the negative lead of the LED light to the negative terminal of the
breadboard. Then, connect a jumper wire to the other leg of the resistor to the positive
terminal of the breadboard.
3. Connect a jumper wire from the positive terminal of the breadboard to the digital pin
7 of the Arduino Uno and another jumper wire from the negative terminal of the
breadboard to the GROUND (GND) pin of the Arduino Uno.
4. Create the code for the Blinking of LED lights.
5. Upload the code created to the Arduino Uno
6. Wait for the uploading to finish then the LED light will illuminate based on the delay
that was set in the code.
V. RESULTS
A. Turning “ON” an LED Light Directly in Arduino UNO
B. Turning “ON” an LED Light Directly in Arduino UNO using a push button
C. Turning “ON” an LED Light Directly in Arduino UNO using a push button in series
D. Turning “ON” an LED Light Directly in Arduino UNO using a push button
in parallel
E. Blinking a Single LED Light
VI. OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
OBSERVATION
Once students grasp programming, circuit construction, and microcontroller
operations, they'll be prepared for more intricate Arduino ventures. This endeavor seamlessly
combines practical exercises with fundamental concepts to acquaint students with Arduino.
Through coding to regulate an LED, they acquire practical programming skills and
comprehend the correlation between electronics and coding. Constructing a straightforward
circuit further solidifies this relationship by demonstrating how code converts into electrical
signals for the LED. In essence, this activity serves as a foundation for delving deeper into
Mechatronics exploration.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the utilization of Arduino Uno to oversee an LED has effectively
accomplished its objectives, elucidating the interplay between electronics and programming,
furnishing coding exposure for tangible manipulation, and establishing a platform for
forthcoming Arduino pursuits. Students have grasped the fundamentals of circuitry assembly
and microcontroller programming, alongside mastering LED manipulation. Through
employing the Arduino IDE and assembling electronic components on a breadboard, they've
acquired an understanding of digital-to-analog conversion, translating digital instructions
into tangible outcomes.
