Function
Contents :
#Definition
#Types :
I) Pre defined( in-built ) function
II) User-defined function
# User- defined function ( Function )
Basics:
i) Function prototype / declarartion / signature
ii) Function call ( invoke)
iii) Function definition
# Types ( Classsification )
#Property :
i) Calling method :
i) call by value
ii) call by reference
ii) Global & local variable
iii) Recursion
Definition :
It is a sub program which is a self- contained block used to perform a
specific task.
Or
It is set of stmt(s) that takes inputs, perform computation ( process ) &
results into an output value .
Types:
There are two types of functions:
i)Pre defined (In-built ) function
ii) User – defined function
i)Pre defined ( Built- in) function
i) It is also called as standard libaray functions .
ii) such as
<stdio.h> --> printf(), scanf() , putchar () , getchar() etc.
<math.h> --> pow( ) , sqrt( )
<string.h> --> strcpy( ) ,strcat( )
Iii) These functions are already defined in header files need to include only
in link section.
ii) user – defined function
i) As the name itself indicating it is user program i.e. user has to create .
ii) Every user defined function must consists of :
I) function prototype ( function declaration )
II) function call
III) function definition
I) Function prototype / declarartion / signature
i) one can create function by using following syntax
ii) syntax :
return _type function _ name ( parameter list );
Where,
return _ type : Here , we declare the data type of the value returned by
functions. It may be char, int ,float or double type.
If no return then it should be void
function_name: It is the name of function .
Parameter list : All the parameters to be passed into the function.
A function may or may not require parameters. Hence, the parameter list
is optional.
Iii) Example :
1) int add ( int , int );
function-name : add
return_type : integer
number of parameters : two
type of parameter 1 & 2 : integer
2) void fun ( int , char );
function-name : fun
return_type : No return : It is an empty return.
number of parameters : 2
type of parameter 1 : int
type of parameter2 : char
ii) function call :
i) When a main() { calling function } calls( invokes ) a function
( known as function call ) then Program ctrl is transferred to the called
function .
A called function performs a defined task & it returns back into
the main () ( calling function ).
ii) syntax
function-name( parameters );
iii) Example
add ( n1 , n2) ;
iii) function definition :
i) It consists of function header { return- type , function name,
parameters} and function's body{ block}.
ii) example
1) int add ( int m1, int m2)
{
printf(“\n %d\n”,m1+m2);
}
2) void fun ( int n, char c)
{
printf(“value of n=%d\n”, n);
printf(“value of c=%c\t”,c);
}
Example :
/* Title : program for addition of two numbers using function ( input :
main() , process : add() ,output : main() )*/
#include<stdio.h>
int add (int , int ); // function declaration
void main( )
{
int n1 , n2 , a;
printf("Enter the value for n1 & n2");
scanf("%d%d",&n1,&n2); // input stmt
a = add ( n1 , n2 ); // function call
printf(" addition = %d",a);// output stmt
}
int add( int m1 ,int m2 ) // function definition
{
return ( m1+m2);
}
Types ( Claasification )
i) A Function can be claasified into four types based upon return type &
parameter
I) A function with return type & with parameter
II) A function with return type & without parameter
III) A function without return type & with parameter
IV) A function without return type & without parameter
Example :
WAP to read a number & ckeck if it is prime number using function
I) A function with return type & with parameter
#include<stdio.h>
int prime ( int ); // function defintion
void main( )
{
int n;
printf(“\n Enter the i/p for n \n”);
scanf(“%d”, & n); // i/p stmt
prime( n) ; function call
}
int prime ( int m)
{
int a;
for( a=2 ; a<=m ; a++)
{
if( m% a == 0 )
break;
}
if( m == a)
printf(“\n given number is prime \n”);
return( 35);
}
O/P : I) first iteration
Enter the i/p for n
5
given number is prime
II) Second iteration
Enter the i/p for n
51
II) A function with return type & without parameter
#include<stdio.h>
int prime ( ); // function defintion
void main( )
{
prime( ) ; function call
}
int prime ( )
{
int a , m ;
printf(“\n Enter the i/p for m \n”);
scanf(“%d”, & m); // i/p stmt
for( a=2 ; a<=m ; a++)
{
if( m% a == 0 )
break;
}
if( m == a)
printf(“\n given number is prime \n”);
return( 35);
}
O/P :
Enter the i/p for m
11
given number is prime
III) A function without return type & with parameter
#include<stdio.h>
void prime ( int ); // function defintion
void main( )
{
printf(“\n Enter the i/p for n \n”);
scanf(“%d”, &n); // i/p stmt
prime( n ) ; function call
}
int prime ( int m )
{
int a ;
for( a=2 ; a<=m ; a++)
{
if( m% a == 0 )
break;
}
if( m == a)
printf(“\n given number is prime \n”);
return( 35);
}
O/P :
Enter the i/p for n
17
given number is prime
IV) A function without return type & without parameter
#include<stdio.h>
void prime ( ); // function defintion
void main( )
{
prime( ) ; function call
}
void prime ( )
{
int a , m ;
printf(“\n Enter the i/p for m \n”);
scanf(“%d”, &m); // i/p stmt
for( a=2 ; a<=m ; a++)
{
if( m% a == 0 )
break;
}
if( m == a)
printf(“\n given number is prime \n”);
O/P :
Enter the i/p for n
29
given number is prime
