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Tutorial Sheet: Fluid Mechanics-I: by Avinash Singh (Ex IES, B.Tech IITR)

The document contains 14 problems related to fluid mechanics. It covers topics like the equation of continuity, streamlines and pathlines, velocity potential, and surfaces of equal density for fluid motions. The problems involve determining Lagrangian coordinates, velocity and acceleration components, normal velocity, and possible forms of boundary surfaces and streamlines.

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Vaibhav Jaiswal
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18 views2 pages

Tutorial Sheet: Fluid Mechanics-I: by Avinash Singh (Ex IES, B.Tech IITR)

The document contains 14 problems related to fluid mechanics. It covers topics like the equation of continuity, streamlines and pathlines, velocity potential, and surfaces of equal density for fluid motions. The problems involve determining Lagrangian coordinates, velocity and acceleration components, normal velocity, and possible forms of boundary surfaces and streamlines.

Uploaded by

Vaibhav Jaiswal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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By Avinash Singh (Ex IES, B.

Tech IITR)

Tutorial Sheet: Fluid Mechanics-I

1. For a two-dimensional flow the velocities at a point in a fluid may be expressed in the
Eulerian coordinates by 𝑢𝑢 = 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 + 2𝑡𝑡 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑣𝑣 = 2𝑦𝑦 + 𝑡𝑡. Determine the Lagrange
coordinates as the functions of the initial positions 𝑥𝑥0 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑦𝑦0 and the time t.

2. � , where A, B, C are constants,


If the velocity distribution is 𝒒𝒒 = 𝐴𝐴𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦𝒊𝒊̂ + 𝐵𝐵𝑦𝑦 2 𝑧𝑧𝑧𝑧𝒋𝒋̂ + 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝑡𝑡 2 𝒌𝒌
then find the acceleration and velocity components.

3. The particles of a fluid move symmetrically in space with regard to a fixed centre; prove
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜌𝜌 𝜕𝜕(𝑟𝑟 2 𝑢𝑢)
that the equation of continuity is + 𝑢𝑢 + = 0, where u is the velocity at
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑟𝑟 2 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕

distance r.

4. A mass of fluid moves in such a way that each particle describes a circle on one plane
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
about a fixed axis; show that the equation of continuity is + = 0, where 𝜔𝜔 is the
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕

angular velocity of a particle whose azimuthal angle is 𝜃𝜃 at time t.

5. A mass of fluid is in motion so that the lines of motion lie on the surface of co-axial
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 1 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
cylinders. Show that the equation of continuity is + + = 0, where u,v are the
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑟𝑟 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕

velocity perpendicular and parallel to z.

6. Consider a two-dimensional incompressible steady flow field with velocity components


3 𝑟𝑟0 1 𝑟𝑟03
in spherical coordinates (𝑟𝑟, 𝜃𝜃, 𝜙𝜙) given by 𝑣𝑣𝑟𝑟 = 𝑐𝑐1 �1 − 2 𝑟𝑟
+
2 𝑟𝑟 3
� cos 𝜃𝜃 , 𝑣𝑣𝜙𝜙 = 0, 𝑣𝑣𝜃𝜃 =
3 𝑟𝑟0 1 𝑟𝑟03
−𝑐𝑐1 �1 − − � sin 𝜃𝜃 , 𝑟𝑟 ≥ 𝑟𝑟0 > 0 where 𝑐𝑐1 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑟𝑟0 are arbitrary constants. Is the equation
4 𝑟𝑟 4 𝑟𝑟 3

of continuity satisfied?

7. Liquid flows through the pipe whose surface is the surface of revolution of the curve 𝑦𝑦 =
𝑘𝑘𝑥𝑥 2
𝑎𝑎 +
𝑎𝑎
about the x axis (−𝑎𝑎 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 𝑎𝑎). If the liquid enters at the end 𝑥𝑥 = −𝑎𝑎 of the pipe

with velocity V, show that the time taken by a liquid particle to traverse the entire length
2𝑎𝑎 2𝑘𝑘 𝑘𝑘 2
of the pipe from 𝑥𝑥 = −𝑎𝑎 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑎𝑎 is � � �1 + 3 + �. Assume that k is so small that the
𝑉𝑉(1+𝑘𝑘 2 ) 5

fluid remains one dimensional throughout.

𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 2 𝑧𝑧 2
8. Show that the surface 𝑎𝑎 2 𝑘𝑘 2 𝑡𝑡 4
+ 𝑘𝑘𝑡𝑡 2 �𝑏𝑏2 + 𝑐𝑐 2 � = 1 is a possible form of boundary surface of

a liquid at time t.

By Avinash Singh (Ex IES, B.Tech IITR) 1|Page


𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 2 𝑧𝑧 2
9. Determine the restrictions on 𝑓𝑓1 , 𝑓𝑓2 , 𝑓𝑓3 if �𝑎𝑎2 � 𝑓𝑓1 (𝑡𝑡) + �𝑏𝑏2 � 𝑓𝑓2 (𝑡𝑡) + �𝑐𝑐 2 � 𝑓𝑓3 (𝑡𝑡) = 1 is a possible

boundary surface of a liquid.

𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 2
10. Show that �𝑎𝑎2 � tan2 𝑡𝑡 + �𝑏𝑏2 � cot 2 𝑡𝑡 = 1 is a possible form for the bounding surface of a

liquid, and find an expression for the normal velocity.

11. Find the equation of the streamlines for the flow 𝒒𝒒 = −(3𝑦𝑦 2 )𝚤𝚤̂ − 6𝑥𝑥𝚥𝚥̂ at the point (1,1).

12. Determine the streamlines and path lines of the particle when the components of
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 𝑧𝑧
velocity field are given by 𝑢𝑢 = , 𝑣𝑣 = 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑤𝑤 = . Also state the condition for which
1+𝑡𝑡 2+𝑡𝑡 3+𝑡𝑡

the streamlines are identical with path lines.

13. If the velocity of an incompressible fluid at the point (𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦, 𝑧𝑧) is given by
3𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 3𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 3𝑧𝑧 2 −𝑟𝑟 2
� , , �, prove that the liquid motion is possible and that the velocity potential
𝑟𝑟 5 𝑟𝑟 5 𝑟𝑟 5
cos 𝜃𝜃
is 𝑟𝑟 2
. Also determine the streamlines.

14. Show that if the velocity potential of an irrotational fluid motion is equal to
3
𝑦𝑦
𝐴𝐴(𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 2 + 𝑧𝑧 2 )−2 𝑧𝑧 tan−1 �𝑥𝑥 �, the lines of flow will be on the series of the surfaces 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 2 +
2 2
𝑧𝑧 2 = 𝑐𝑐 3 (𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 2 )3 .

If the fluid be in motion with a velocity potential 𝜙𝜙 = 𝑧𝑧 log 𝑟𝑟, and if the density at a point fixed
in space be independent of the time, show that the surfaces of equal density are of the
1
forms 𝑟𝑟 2 �log 𝑟𝑟 − � − 𝑧𝑧 2 = 𝑓𝑓(𝜃𝜃, 𝜌𝜌), 𝑤𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝜌𝜌 is the density at (𝑧𝑧, 𝑟𝑟, 𝜃𝜃).
2



By Avinash Singh (Ex IES, B.Tech IITR) 2|Page

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