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Lecture 23

This document discusses DC motors, including how back EMF works in DC motors based on Lenz's law. It also covers torque and speed equations for DC motors and characteristics such as torque-current, speed-current, and speed-torque curves. Finally, it discusses types of DC motors like shunt, series, and compound motors as well as applications of shunt motors.

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16 views

Lecture 23

This document discusses DC motors, including how back EMF works in DC motors based on Lenz's law. It also covers torque and speed equations for DC motors and characteristics such as torque-current, speed-current, and speed-torque curves. Finally, it discusses types of DC motors like shunt, series, and compound motors as well as applications of shunt motors.

Uploaded by

patrickbateman0148
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 23

DC Motor
Back EMF

• When the armature winding of dc motor is start rotating in the


magnetic flux produced by the field winding, it cuts the lines of
magnetic flux and induces the emf in the armature winding.

• According to Lenz’s law (The law that whenever there is an


induced electromotive force (emf) in a conductor, it is always in
such a direction that the current it would produce would oppose
the change which causes the induced emf. )

• This induced emf acts in the opposite direction to the armature


supply voltage. Hence this emf is called as back emfs.

Lecture 22-24 2
Back EMF

P  ZN
Eb  volts
60 A

𝑁= speed in rpm
∅= flux per pole
𝑍=no of conductors
𝑃=no of pole pairs
𝐴=area of cross section of
conductor
𝐸𝑏=back emf

Lecture 22-24 3
Voltage and Power equation of DC Motor
V  E b  I a Ra
If we multiply the above equation by Ia,we will get
VI a  Eb I a  I a Ra
2

VIa= Electrical power supplied to the motor


EbIa= Electrical equivalent of the mechanical power produced by the motor
Ia2Ra= Powerloss taking place in winding
Thus,

Eb I a  VI a  I a Ra
2

= input power-powerloss
=Mechanical power produce by the motor
=Pm

Lecture 22-24 4
Torque equation of DC Motor
Mechanical power required to rotate the shaft on mechanical
side = Tω
T=Torque in Newton-meter
ω=angular velocity in radian/second

Gross mechanical power produce by the motor on electrical


side = EbIa
Eb = back emf in volts
Ia = ature current in ampere

equating eqnuation , we get

EbIa  T

Lecture 22-24 5
2 N
  = Speed in rpm
60
P  ZN
and Eb  volts
60 A
PZN 2N
Substitue ω and Eb, we get Ia  T
60 A 60
PZ 0.159PZI a  0.159PZ 
T Ia   I a
2A A  A 
P,Z andd A are constant, hence we can say
TI a
Thus torque produced by the DC motor is proportional to the main
field flux ɸ and armature current Ia.
Lecture 22-24 6
Type of DC Motor
• Classification of the d.c. motor depends on the way of
connecting the armature and field winding of a d.c. motor:
1. DC Shunt Motor
2. DC Series Motor
3. DC Compound Motor

Short shunt compound long shunt compound

Cumulative Differential Cumulative Differential


compound compound compound compound
motor motor motor motor

Lecture 22-24 7
DC shunt motor

• In dc shunt motor the armature and


field winding are connected in
parallel across the supply voltage
• The resistance of the shunt
winding Rsh is always higher than the
armature winding 𝑅𝑎.
• Since V and Rsh both remains constant the Ish remains essentially
constant, as field current is responsible for generation of flux.

thus I sh
• So shunt motor is also called as constant flux motor
Lecture 22-24 8
Torque and speed equation of DC shunt Motor
As we have seen for dc motor TI a
But for dc shunt motor I sh
And Ish is constant, thus ɸ is also constant
So torque in dc shunt motor is
TI a
PZN
For dc motor Eb 
60 A
Z,P,ɸ,A and 60 are constants

Thus NEb (V  I a Ra )
Lecture 22-24
9
Characteristic of DC shunt Motor

To study the performance of the DC shunt Motor various types of


characteristics are to be studied.

• Torque Vs Armature current characteristics.


• Speed Vs Armature current characteristics.
• Speed Vs Torque characteristics.

Lecture 22-24 10
Torque Vs Armature current characteristics of DC
Shunt motor

This characteristic gives us information that, how torque of


machine will vary with armature current, which depends upon
load on the motor.
𝑇∝ 𝐼𝑎
Thus,

Lecture 22-24 11
Speed Vs Armature current characteristics of DC
Shunt Motor PZN
The back emf of dc motor is Eb   (V  I a Ra )
60 A

• Therefore shunt motor is considered as constant speed motor.


Lecture 22-24 12
Speed Vs Torque characteristics of DC Shunt
motor
• From the above two characteristics of dc
shunt motor, the torque developed and
speed at various armature currents of dc
shunt motor may be noted

• If these values are plotted, the graph


representing the variation of speed with
torque developed is obtained.

• This curve resembles the speed Vs


current characteristics as the torque is
directly proportional to the armature
current.
Lecture 22-24 13
Applications of DC shunt Motor:

These motors are constant speed motors, hence used in


applications requiring constant speed.
Like:
1) Lathe machine
2) Drilling machine
3) Grinders
4) Blowers
5) Compressors

Lecture 22-24 14
References:

Electrical machines book

Construction and Working of a DC Motor


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9X_ZQDt670

Commutation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x78mi794b8k

Types of DC Motors - Classification of DC Motors - Motor Types


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YwmM_fhNLsQ

Lecture 22-24 15
Thank You

Lecture 22-24 16

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