ENGINEERING DRAWING

DRAWING  used by draftsmen

 Graphical representation of any  guide for drawing horizontal lines
object or idea on drawing tables
 Can be prepared using free hand or  guides a triangle to draw
using engineering instruments or vertical/diagonal lines
using computer programs
SCALE OR RULER
TYPES OF DRAWING  needed for measuring sizes and
1. ARTISTIC DRAWING distance
 Drawing which is sketched in free  for transferring measurements
hand using imagination
 Proper scaling and dimensioning are DRAWING PENCIL
not maintained  used for drawing straight and
curved pencil lines; freehand or
2. ENGINEERING DRAWING mechanically
 Graphical language used by  pencil grades:
engineers - H – hard (H-9H)
 Fully and clearly defines the - B – soft (B-6B)
requirements for engineered items - F – fines
 Two-dimensional representation of - HB – medium
a three-dimensional object
 Art of representing a real or MECHANICAL PENCIL
imaginary object precisely  Used to hold leads of various
 Uses graphics, symbols, letters and hardness
numbers with the help of
engineering drawing instruments DRAWING/TECHNICAL PENS
 representing engineering objects  Used for lettering and drawing lines
such as buildings, roads, machines,  Vary from different point (0.1 mm
circuits etc. on a paper to 2.0 mm)
 used by engineers and technologists.  Steadler, Rotring, Faber Castle
 provides all information about size,  Rule in handling technical pens
shape, surface type, materials etc. of - Handle with care to avoid blots
the object and broken tech penpoints
COMPASS
IMPORTANCE OF ENGINEERING  Used to draw circles and arcs
DRAWINGS  Pencil and pen point
 universal language of engineers
 display a precise picture of the DIVIDER
object to be produced.  Use to transfer dimensions
 conveys the same picture and  Consist of two legs with a needle
information to every trained eye. point
 Legs should never be oiled
BASIC DRAWING TOOLS
TRIANGLE PROTRACTOR
 thin, flat, right-angled piece of  used to measure or layout an angle
plastic or metal with acute angles of or an arc
45 , or 30 and 60 used for  circular or semi-circular
drawing vertical or inclined lines  celluloid protractor – metal
that are multiples of 15
DRAFTING TAPE
T-SQUARE
 ENGINEERING DRAWING
 used to adhere drawing media to the  Do not hit scales and triangles on
working surface edges
 Clean plastic tools with soap and
DUSTING BRUSH water only
 Used to brush loose graphite and  Never sharpen leads over drawing
eraser dust from a drawing or table surface

ERASER REMINDERS ON THE USE OF

 Used to remove pencil lines and DRAWING INSTRUMENTS
graphite smudges from a drawing  Don’t use scale as a ruler
 Don’t put oil on joints on compasses
ERASING SHIELD  Cork the ink bottle all the time
 A metal plate with various slots and  Don’t use the edge of the T-square
openings as a guide in cutting the edge of
 used to protect line work when a paper
portion of the drawing is to be  Always clean your instruments after
erased using them.

LEAD POINTER
 Used for sharpening mechanical - No construction or
pencil leads manufacturing of any (man-
made) engineering objects is
PENCIL SHARPENER possible without engineering
 Use to sharpen drawing pencil of drawing
varying grades.
ELEMENTS OF ENGINEERING
IRREGULAR CURVE / FRENCH DRAWING
CURVE GRAPHICS LANGUAGE
 drafting tool used as guide in - Describe shape
mechanically drawing irregular
curved lines WORD LANGUAGE
 Used to lay out any noncircular - Describe exact size, location,
curve and specification

LETTERING GUIDE ENGINEERING DRAWING

 Used to lay out guidelines for
lettering
GRAPHICS WORD
LANGUAGE LANGUAGE
TEMPLATE
 A thin, flat, plastic tool with various
Geometric Lettering
size openings of different shapes
construction
 used to expedite the drawing of
standard features Projection
Method
RULES FOR MAINTENANCE AND
CARE OF DRAFTING MATERIALS Line Types
 Keep hands and equipment clean
 Keep all instruments clean and dry
 Do no bend templates sharply INTRODUCTION TO TYPES OF
 Do not use templates or scales as LINES
straight edges for cutting tools
 ENGINEERING DRAWING
 Thin line usually drawn at a 45-
degree angle.
 Indicates the material that has been
cut through in a sectional view.

Center Lines

1. VISIBLE LINE – Represent features

that can be seen in the current view

2. DIMENSION LINE, EXTENSION

LINE, LEADER LINE – Indicates the
size and location of features
3. Hidden Line – represents features that
cannot be seen in the current view

4. Center Line – represents symmetry,

path of motion, centers of circles, axis
of symmetrical parts

MAIN LINE TYPES

VISIBLE / OBJECT LINES

 Dark, heavy lines
 Used to represent the outline or
contour of the object being drawn.
 Define features you can see in a
particular view

HIDDEN LINES
 Light, narrow, short, dashed lines.
 Shows the outline of a feature that
cannot be seen in a particular view.
 Used to help clarify a feature, but
can be omitted if they clutter a
drawing.
 Dashes should join at corners.

SECTION LINES