International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering & Management (IJIREM)

ISSN: 2350-0557, Volume-9, Issue-3, June 2022

https://doi.org/10.55524/ijirem.2022.9.3.28
Article ID IJIRP-1204, Pages 178-182
www.ijirem.org

Experimental Research on Foam Concrete with Partial

Replacement of Fine Aggregates by Blast Furnace Slag, Fly Ash,
and Glass Powder
N. Srikanth, N Narendra2, and G. Ezri Babu3, Sk. Siva Siddiq Sai Kumar4, and N. Anand Babu5
1,2,3
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Department, Pace Institute of Technology and Sciences, Ongole, Andhra Pradesh,
India
4
M.Tech Scholar, Department of Civil Department, Pace Institute of Technology and Sciences,, Ongole, Andhra Pradesh, India
5
B. Tech Scholar, Department of Civil Department, Pace Institute of Technology and Sciences,, Ongole, Andhra Pradesh, India
Correspondence should be addressed to N. Srikanth; [email protected]
Copyright © 2022 Made to N. Srikanth et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which
permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

ABSTRACT- Aerated concrete blocks are made 1N/mm2 to 25N/mm2.

according to the design proportions in this project. Cement, The cement content of the mix, the water/cement ratio, the
fine particles, a foaming agent, and water are the cement-to-sand ratio, and the sand qualities all influence the
ingredients of foam concrete. Sand prices are significantly strength of foamed concrete. In general, high compressive
rising these days. We may lower the cost of sand by strength is produced by employing a high cement content, a
replacing it with a replacement material. In the current low water/cement ratio, and sand. In general, the workability
investigation, sand is partially substituted by varying and strength tests will be used to study the qualities of foamed
weights and quantities of blast furnace slag, fly ash, and concrete. The trial will include workability and strength tests,
glass powder. To gain a better understanding of the as well as a slump test. This concrete will be tested before it is
utilization of blast furnace slag, Fly Ash, and glass powder cast into the mould, thus fresh concrete will be used to assess
in various literatures, their impact on Compressive Strength the workability of the concrete mix, and strength tests will be
foam concrete is explored. performed after 7 and 28 days.
In recent years, research in the field of foam concrete has
KEYWORDS- Foam concrete, Light weight, blast furnace advanced. Many researchers have investigated the many
slag, fly ash and glasspowder and compressive strength. phases of Foam concrete, revealing the facts about Foam
concrete, making it a practically broad usable material.
I. INTRODUCTION Many study articles have been published by various scholars
Porous concrete is a form of foam concrete. It is that demonstrate the engineering relevance of foam concrete
comparable to aerated concrete in terms of properties and and concrete workability.
applications. Aerated concrete, lightweight concrete, and
porous concrete are all synonyms. To execute the concrete, II. RELATED WORKS
foam concrete has no aggregates and simply sand, cement, Foam Concrete is constructed out of a mixture of raw
water, and stable foam. This procedure contains microscopic materials such as fine aggregates, Ordinary Portland
contained air bubbles inside the mortar, resulting in lighter Cement, Water, and a foaming agent to generate air gaps in
concrete. There are two methods for manufacturing foamed the concrete due to its low weight.[1].
concrete: prefoam method and inline method. The inline The quantity of water and sand in the Foam Concrete
approach is classified as either wet or dry. There are two determines its density. Densities ranging from 400 kg/m3 to
types of foam used to manufacture foamed concrete, foam 1600 kg/m3 may be obtained by combining the ingredients
concrete (flow chart:1.1 foam concrete): wet foam and dry in the right proportions, and can be used for a variety of
foam. construction components such as structural, partitions,
A foamed concrete has an air content of greater than 25%, insulation, and filling grades[2].
distinguishing it from highly air entrained materials. The However, it differs from ordinary concrete mixtures in that
density of foamed concrete can range from 500kg/m3 to the particles are removed and replaced with air spaces by the
1600kg/m3 and its strength can range from less than application of a foaming agent[3]. The foaming agent also

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works as a substance that absorbs humidity in the concrete, foam lightweight concrete has various benefits such
atmosphere for as long as it is exposed to it and aids in the as enhanced strength to weight ratio, reduced coefficient of
hydration process of cement. However, it differs from thermal expansion, and effective sound insulation due to air
ordinary concrete mixtures in that the particles are gaps inside aerated concrete. This research focuses on the
removed and replaced with air spaces by the application of differentiation of aerated lightweight concrete into foamed
a foaming agent. The foaming agent also works as a concrete and autoclaved concrete. It also displays the raw
substance that absorbs humidity in the atmosphere for as ingredients used in aerated concrete, agent kinds,
long as it is exposed to it and aids in the hydration process characteristics, and applications. Each foamed and
of cement. Because the concrete is comprised of foaming autoclaved concrete production technique is categorised. The
agent, the quality of the foam agent and its creation review of the literature on aerated lightweight qualities
determines the quality of the foam concrete[4]. As a result, focuses on porosity, permeability, compressive strength, and
aerating the agent before adding it to the cement slurry is splitting strength.
advised in order to obtain high-quality concrete. Because Qin xin [9], explained based on the features of foam
there are numerous similarities between the two forms of concrete and the made prior analyses the research progress
foam concrete, knowledge of conventional foam concrete of the effect of blending materials, admixtures, and fibres on
is beneficial for the study of high-strength foam the performance of foamed concrete, presents the problem of
concrete[5]. Studies on conventional and high-strength foam concrete development and application in current
foam concrete were evaluated in this context. According to research, and emphasises that sustainable development is the
prior research, the manufacture and qualities of foam basic idea of foam concrete further research and application
concrete are primarily influenced by: i) the kind of in the future.
elements and their amounts in the concrete mixture; and ii) Provided an experimental investigation on the viability of
the manufacturing process. [6], highlighted that concrete is using quarry rock dust and marble sludge powder as 100
a critical component used in the construction industry all percent replacements for natural sand in concrete[10]. Green
over the world, where the fine total is common sand The concrete durability tests have been attempted in comparison
use of sand in construction activities leads in compelled to natural sand concrete.[11] The compressive, split tensile
mining. Because of incredible mining, natural assets are strength, and durability investigations of quarry rock dust
being depleted, which causes an increase in scour concrete are almost 14% higher than ordinary concrete. The
profundity and, on occasion, surge risk. As a result, the use concrete's resistance to sulphate attack was considerably
of alternative materials in concrete is becoming improved. Green concrete is an excellent approach to
unavoidable. Marble is an important material used in the minimise pollutants while also improving concrete durability
construction industry. Marble powder is produced by in harsh environments.[12]
handling plants during the cleaning and cutting of marble
squares, and around 20 - 25% of the processed marble is III. MATERIALS AND METHODLOGY
converted into powder form. One of today's major
environmental challenges is the destruction of marble The use of Portland cement or Portland blast furnace slag
powder material from the marble industry. This study cement that adheres to the appropriate ASTM is
proposes employing waste marble powder developed by recommended by ACI 523.1R-92 [American Concrete
the business itself as a fine total in solid, replacing ordinary Institute, 1992]. The mixing water for foam concrete should
sand. The substitution is done partially and totally in the be fresh, pure, and drinkable, according to ACI 523.3R-93
amounts of 10%, 15%, and 20%, and the influence on [American Concrete Institute, 1993]. This is especially
cement characteristics is determined. [7], that was crucial when employing protein-based foaming agents, since
mentioned Cement, water, fine aggregate, and air spaces any organic contamination might reduce the quality of the
make up foamed concrete. foam generated [British Cement Association, 1991]. Foam
It is quite homogenous and lacks coarse aggregate phase. bubbles are introduced into the cement paste and the
The properties of foamed concrete are determined by the concrete produced to obtain the low specific gravity of foam
binder and foaming agent employed. Natural and synthetic concrete. Foam bubbles are air gaps surrounded by the wall
foaming agents are employed in this application. The of a foaming agent solution. Synthetic foaming compounds,
binding substance is partially replaced with silica fume, such as resin soap, and protein-based foaming agents, such
which gives more strength than foam concrete without as hydrolyzed protein, are both common.
silica fume. This research article which analyses the study According to ACI 523.3R-93 [American Concrete Institute,
development of silica fume influence on foamed concrete 1993], preformed foam is made by combining the foaming
performance based on foam concrete attributes and agent, water, and compressed air (created by an air
preparation procedure. compressor) in specified quantities in a foam generator
Ali J. Hamad 2014 [8], When compared to traditional calibrated for a discharge rate. Table 1 shows the Properties
of Fly Ash.

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Blast furnace slag is an iron byproduct. As blast furnace test trails.

slag, iron companies generate a considerable amount of
non-biodegradable waste. It can be obtained from local Table 2: Cement and fine aggregates test results
companies and used to substitute fine aggregate in
concrete. Properties Values

Table 1: Properties of Fly Ash (A)Cement

S.No. Properties Values Grade of Cement 53

1 Silica (SiO2) 56.87 % Specific gravity 3.15

2 Aluminium trioxide (Al2O3) 27.65 % Initial setting time 75 min

Ferric oxide Final Setting Time 360 min

3 (Fe2O3 + Fe3O4) 6.28 %
(B)
4 Titanium dioxide (TiO2) 0.31 %
Fineness Modulus 2.58
5 Magnesium oxide(MgO) 0.34 %
Specific gravity 2.65
6 Loss of ignition (LOI) 4.46 %

7 Specific gravity of Fly Ash 2.12

Table 3: For Foam Concrete Mix – 1

Glass powder from stores and shattered glass sheets are not (Containing Cement & Fine Aggregates)
recycled and end up in landfills. The use of glass powder in
concrete makes the environment safer. This waste glass
powder can be used as a replacement for sand in the Age Average
Compressi
production of foam concrete. Many individuals have of C/S Compress
Load ve
reported effective usage of waste or recycled materials as S.No Concr area ive
(KN) Strength
constituents, such as sewage sludge ash [cook and walker, ete (mm2) Strength
(N/mm2)
1999], crushed excavated material, slaked lime, crushed (days) (MPa)
1 22500 143 6.55
broken ceramic bricks, and waste from brown coal
2 7 22500 140 6.22 6.296
combustion material of foam concrete.Future building
3 22500 142 6.11
materials that are light, durable, and easy are being sought 4 22500 246 10.93
for by foresight organizations all across the world. Foamed 5 14 22500 243 10.8 10.8
concrete is an alternate material that has the ability to meet 6 22500 240 10.66
all of these requirements. Mix Foam concrete design Foam 7 22500 340 15.11
preparation and casting Cubes and Cylinders of Concrete 8 28 22500 345 15.33 15.230
Compressive strength of foam concrete is compared. Foam 9 22500 343 15.24
concrete is compared to other aspects such as cost
effectiveness, adaptability, and so on. The compressive
strength of foam concrete was evaluated and the results
were compared. In that cement and fine aggregates test
results shows in table 2.

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

IS 3495 (Part 1): 1992 compressive strength tests were
performed on five brick specimens. The exam was divided
into two stages: "Specimen Preparation and Testing."
Grinding was used to reduce unevenness in bed faces,
resulting in smooth and parallel faces. Because bricks are
readily broken, grinding has to be done with extreme Figure 1: Comparision of Test Trail
caution. Specimens were submerged in room temperature
water for 24 hours figure 1 shows that the comparision of

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Table 4: For Foam Concrete Mix – 1 (Containing Cement

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