MODULE

1 Prepare for Plumbing Works

On completion of this learning outcome you should be able to:

Learning Competencies:
1.1. Interpret work plans and isometric drawings in accordance with the job
specifications;
1.2. Prepare materials, tools, and equipment according to the job
requirements; and
1.3. Select appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

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This Module has 4 Lessons. Each Lesson has the following:

 Overview
 Title and Description
 Guide/Topics
 Learning Objectives
 Requirements/Projects
 Pretest
 Definition of Terms
 Information Sheet
 (Self-check)
 (Activity Sheet /Operation Sheet /Job Sheet)
 Evaluation/Post test
 References

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 HOME LEARNING GUIDE in Plumbing NC I
1st Quarter Week 1- August 2-6, 2021
I. OBJECTIVE:
At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to
a) Interpret work plans and isometric drawings in accordance with the job

specifications;
b) Prepare materials, tools, and equipment according to the job
requirements; and
c) Select appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

II. SUBJECT MATTER/LEARNING CONTENT: Prepare for Plumbing Works

III. LEARNING RESOURCES:
References:
Learning Module
Learning Materials:
Information Sheet and picture
IV: PROCEDURE:
A. Explore & Engage
Let the students do the pretest
B. Explain
Read the information sheet 1.1 , 1.2, and 1.3
C. Extend & Elaborate
Let the students do the self-check 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3
Reinforcement Activity. (Refer to the hand-outs)
Enrichment activity.
(Project) Make a presentation using your own design about
the pictures of Plumbing Tools, Materials, & Equipment for
your project. Do this in a PowerPoint Presentation and
send it to my email account [email protected]
D. Evaluate
Refer to your module and answer the post-test/evaluation.
Reflection
In what other ways is plumbing related to you and your life?

Prepared by:

Jonathan D. Caporas

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 Teacher/09150366743

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What do you already know?
Pre-Assessment

Direction: Identify the following materials and tools used in plumbing.

Choose your answer from the given in the box.

Steel Square Hack Saw Cross-Cut Saw Pipe Cutter

Pipe Threader Pipe Reamer Spirit Level Plumb Bob
Clamps Bench Vise Pipe Wrench Pipe Vise

1. 2.

3. 4.

5. 6.

7. 8.

9. 10.

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 INTRODUCTION

Plumbing is defined as the art and science of installing pipes, fixtures

and apparatus in buildings to convey and supply water in the buildings and
to discharge of waste water and other liquids, gases and other substances out
of buildings in safe, orderly, healthy and sanitary way to ensure the health
and sanitation of life and property.
The word Plumber is the title given to a person who is skilled worker in
the field of sanitation, who fits and repairs the pipes and fixtures of a water
system. It was derived from the ancient Roman word Plumbarius which was
taken from Latin word Plumbum.
Plumbarius refers to an individual who worked in the sanitary field of
ancient Rome. Plumbum on the other hand, meant lead. A metal used as
plumbing material by the Romans, preferred for its twin properties of
malleability and resistant to acid.
Plumbing has two main objectives
1. To supply water to different parts of the building.
2. To remove and discharge human wastes and other substances out of
the building into the public sewer or septic tank.

Conditions for an effective water supply in building

1. To provide sufficient amount of water to supply each fixture.
2. To prevent back flow of used water into the water supply system.

The drainage system should accomplish the following:

1. Fast removal of the waste with a minimum probability of leakage and
stoppage of drains.
2. To prevent the entry of house vermin and obnoxious gases into the
house from the piping system.

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Definition and Terms
1. Pipe – is a cylindrical conduit or conductor conforming to the
particular dimensions commonly known as “pipe size” and is denoted
by its interior diameter or I.D.
2. Plumbing – is the art and technique of installing pipes, fixtures and
other apparatuses in buildings for bringing in the supply, liquids,
substances and/or ingredients and removing them; and such water,
liquid and other carried wastes hazardous to health, sanitation, life,
property; also the pipes and fixtures after installation i.e., the plumbing
system
3. Plumbing appliance – is any one of a special class of device or
equipment intended to perform a special plumbing function. Its
operation and/or control may be dependent upon one or more
energized components, such as motors, controls, heating elements and
pressure-temperature-sensing elements. Such device or equipment may
operate automatically through one or more of the following actions; a
time cycle, a temperature range, a pressure range, a measured volume
or weight; or the device or equipment may be manually adjusted or
controlled by the user or operator.
4. Plumbing appurtenance – is a manufactured device or a prefabricated
assembly or an on-the-job assembly of component parts, and serve as
adjunct to the basic piping system and plumbing fixtures. An
appurtenance demands no additional water supply nor does it add any
discharge load to fixture or the drainage system. It performs some
useful functions in the operation, maintenance, servicing, economy or
safety of the plumbing system
5. Plumbing fixtures – are approved-type installed receptacles, devices or
appliances supplied with water or receive liquid or liquid-borne wastes
and discharge such wastes into the drainage system to which they may
be directly or indirectly connected. Industrial or commercial tanks, vats
and similar processing equipment are not plumbing system fixtures,
but may be connected to or discharged into approved traps or plumbing
fixtures as provided for in this Code
6. Plumbing system – includes all potable water supply and distribution
pipes, all plumbing fixtures and traps, all sanitary and storm drainage
systems; vent pipes, roof drains, leaders and downspouts; and all
building drains and sewers, including their respective joints and
connections; devices, receptacles, and appurtenances within the
property; water lines in the premises; potable , tap, hot and chilled
water pipings; potable water treating or using equipment; fuel gas
piping; water heaters and vents for same TR PLUMBING NC II
(Amended) Promulgated October 2014 Page 84b.
7. Plumbing unit – is a minimum standard quantity of plumbing fixtures
that discharge wastes into a plumbing installation including; one (1)
water meter, one (1) water closet, one (1) lavatory, one (1) shower head
and drain for a bathtub or shower stall, one (1) kitchen sink, one (1)
laundry tray and three (3) floor drains and four (4) faucets/hose bibb.
8. Potable water – is a water satisfactory for drinking, culinary and
domestic purposes and meets the requirements of the Philippine
National Standards for Drinking Water.
9. Pressure – is the normal force exerted by a homogenous liquid or gas,
per unit of area on the wall of the container.
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 10. Un-plasticized Polyvinyl Chloride Conduit (uPVC) - is a non-
metallic conduit into which electrical wire may be drawn and with an
outside diameter sufficiently different from that of metallic conduit.
11. Complex Plumbing - Covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes
in installing/assembling plumbing installation in all types of building
occupancy that requires special and extra ordinary piping system.
12. Multiple Plumbing System - a battery of fixture; composed of
two or more system connections.
13. Centralized Plumbing Hot water - is a system that supplies or
distribute hot water to multiple fixtures that requires hot water using
storage type water heater and boilers.
14. High-rise building - multi-storey building minimum of 15 storey
and above.
15. Medium-rise building - multi - level storey building from ground
floor to 15 story building.

What do you need to know?

Read the Information Sheet 1.1 very well then find out how much you can remember
and how much you learned by doing the Self-check 1.1.
DISCUSSION
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 Information Sheet # 1
Interpret Work Plans & Isometric drawings in Accordance with the Job
Requirements

MAKE PIPING LAYOUTS

Piping layout
Piping layout shows the is over all dimensions of the
plants/system/unit from where the plants starts and ends which shows the
all piping, equipment nozzles, structure, piping supports, instruments tags,
specification of items etc. Piping layout is very important for installation
of piping in the site.

A piping designer does piping layout. This is the process of defining

the piece of equipment, the maintenance spaces and the related electrical
needs. Then routes the piping to accomplish the process function of the piece
of equipment then add the space requirements for operation and you have
a piping layout.

Residential Plumbing Floor Plan

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Plumbing Blueprint

Plumbing Symbols

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PIPING LAYOUT

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 Piping is a major expenditure in the
design and construction of industrial,
refinery, petrochemical, or power-
generating plants when one considers
engineering costs, material costs, and
fabrication and field labor costs. Proper
planning and execution of the design and
routing of pipe can have a major impact
on controlling the total installed cost
(TIC).

Piping design and equipment

arrangement are interrelated subjects
that cannot be well taught in the classroom. Most good designers throughout
history have learned their profession by a combination of academic and
practical work. Field and design office plus a little shop experience is good
preparation for designing or teaching. This topic is very broad-based and
relies on a sound mechanical engineering background and a lot of common
sense. The use of previous designs and drawings is a good way to learn and
improve on current designs.

The experienced piping designer needs to

have a working knowledge of plant layout,
equipment arrangement, and system
functionality associated with one or more
fields of endeavor, such as commercial,
industrial, refinery, petrochemical, or
power. In addition, the designer must
have an understanding of the practical
application of piping materials, valves,
pumps, tanks, pressure vessels, heat
exchangers, power boilers, vendor-
supplied skid assemblies, steam turbine
drivers, and other machinery and equipment.

Piping layout shows the is over all dimensions of the

plants/system/unit from where the plants starts and ends which shows
the all piping, equipment nozzles, structure, piping supports, instruments
tags, sp items etc. Piping layout is very important for installation of piping in
the site.
Piping layout drawings shall show the piping on plan view and give all
the information required for the preparation of isometric drawings and for
erection of the piping. Cross-section and details shall be drafted on these
drawings to facilities the drafting of the isometrics drawings
The orientation of the drawings shall be indicated on the drawings. If possible
it should be same in all cases. The number of the drawings adjacent to
boundaries of the given drawings shall be indicated.

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Contents should be include into the piping layout while preparing:

 Dimensioning:- Unit boundaries, row of pipe racks and structure and

equipment shall be laid out with reference to system of coordinates. The
elevations of horizontal equipment and platforms and the bottom levels
of grouped or individual piping, etc. shall be indicated.
 Equipment nozzles:-Tables shall be specifying the characteristics of
equipment nozzles including diameters, rating, elevations, orientations
and center distances.

 Representation of Piping:- In case of piping drawings to a scale of

1/33 or 1/50. Then piping up to 12 inch diameter shall be shown by
singles lines and piping 14 inch and above in diameter shall be shown
in double lines. All the piping lines shall be identified by the line
number as per in process and instruments diagrams. Alongside this
number the direction of flow, insulation and tracing shall be
indicated. While preparing the piping layouts drawings designer have
to check the clients project drafting standards and prepare the piping
layout drawings according to that because every client have their
different drafting standards. Some clients want all the piping in double
lines in piping layout and some are above mention. So it varies clients
to clients.
 Pipe Supports:- The supports of piping 2 inch and above shall be
shown and their positions identified.
 Instruments:- All instruments in lines or on equipment shall be shown
and marked with identifications appearing on the P & ID in the piping
layout drawings
 Special items:- All the special items should be marked in the piping
layout drawings as per piping and instruments drawings. Special
items like corrosion coupons, strainers, flame arrestors etc.

Documents required for piping layout drawings

 Piping &
instrumentation
Diagram (P & ID).
 Equipment Layout.
 Piping
Specification.
 Vendor
Requirement for
proprietary
equipment.

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PIPING LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS

 Project Client and Owner Requirements

Most projects have project-specific requirements imposed by the owner. These
usually include additional requirements above the codes and standards
which may have direct impact on both pipe layout and equipment location.
Most of these requirements derive from operations feedback which the owner
contractually invokes on future projects. Owners may not have a thorough
understanding of all the levels of detail required to produce a piping design,
but they know the finished product. It is very important that all project
personnel and designers know and understand these requirements.

 Hierarchy of Reference Design Information

In the ever-expanding electronic engineering environment, the documents
identified can and will be replaced with databases, but the flow of required
information to design the piping systems will remain the same.
 System Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&ID)
These are the schematic single line process diagrams which define the
sequence of equipment, valves, inline
components, pipeline sizes, and overall system arrangement required for
proper system function. Computer-aided P&IDs that link the schematic
diagrams to electronic design data are preferred in order to perform
computerized P&ID compliance checks.
 P&ID Implementation and Physicalization
Piping and instrumentation diagrams are the piping designer’s roadmap for
laying out piping systems. The designer should understand the P&ID and the
specific system characteristics. With this knowledge the designer is required
to develop the P&ID and arrange connections and branches as required to
best suit the process to actual physical design.
 Project Piping Specifications
These documents or databases define the following essential information: the
system design and operating pressures and temperatures; piping materials;
pipe wall thickness or schedules; types of fittings to be used, e.g., butt weld,
socket weld, or screwed; and the valve and flange pressure rating and
insulation requirements. In addition, the piping specification defines the
fabrication, examination, testing, inspection, and installation requirements,
including the requirements for seismic installations, where applicable.
 Equipment Outlines
These documents can be either imported computer-aided design or drafting
(CADD) files or prints of the equipment being piped. They include overall
dimensions and the pipe size, wall thickness, flange pressure rating, and
locating dimensions of all pipe nozzles and other connections.
 General Arrangements or Equipment Location Drawings
These drawings will indicate the location of all major pieces of equipment in
the plant which the designer will either verify or relocate, as required, to
accommodate the physical pipe routing as designed or redesign the piping to
accommodate the particular piece of equipment.
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Generally equipment location drawings are developed by senior-level piping
designers during the proposal preparation and are taken over by the project
team upon award of the contract. From this point on they are revised and
updated as part of the normal process of design development. Equipment
should be arranged with the piping layout in mind. Equipment locations and
relational arrangements should be evaluated during the piping layout design
process. Adjustments and occasionally major changes to equipment
arrangement are required to solve major piping arrangement problems. Piping
system design is dependent on the input from numerous reference sources
prior to the start of piping design.
 Collection of As-Built Information
CADD and electronic surveying capabilities have changed and are
continuously changing. Photogrammetry (photographs that are input into
three-dimensional CADD models) and laser mapping (laser scanning using a
time of flight laser connected to a computer that translates the scanned
points to a three-dimensional CADD model) are applications that enable the
designer to collect existing conditions which can be imported into the
designer’s CADD files. Total Station Surveying is the computerized surveying
system which engineering should request for the collection of survey data
points with the electronic transfer of information being able to be translated
directly into the CADD environment.
 Pipe Bending
Pipe bending has become increasingly widespread due to a desire for a
decrease in fabrication costs. If bending is to be used, the designer should
consider special requirements imposed by the process (i.e., tail ends and
clamp dimensions are required by the bending machine, and increased
distances and space are required because bends have a greater center-to-face
dimension than conventional fitting dimensions).

 Piping Flexibility

The effects of the thermal expansion of pipe and fittings as a result of system
operating temperature changes cannot be overlooked during the layout and
routing of any piping system. The function of piping flexibility or stress
analysis has, for the most part, been delegated to the computer particularly
in the case of high temperature, high-pressure piping systems. The piping
stress analyst translates and enters the piping design data into the computer,
reviews the output data, and if the system is too rigid, may suggest
appropriate corrective redesigns.

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Plumbing Kto12 – Technology & Livelihood Education
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How to Draw a Plumbing Plan

A well-planned diagram is essential for any remodeling project that

involves major plumbing work. If you’re renovating your kitchen or adding a
new shower to an existing bathroom, for example, drawing up a plumbing
plan allows you to map out the system beforehand, which will help ensure
the process runs as smoothly as possible. Professional plumbers usually map
a plumbing job in painstaking detail to prevent surprises during the project,
and you should too if you’re planning on completing the work yourself.
A plumbing drawing illustrates the system that will bring water in and take
waste back out. It typically includes water supply lines, drains, vent pipes,
valves, and fixtures such as toilets and sinks. These plans often use a variety
of official plumbing symbols to denote different elements, and it’s fairly easy
to produce plan views and riser drawings either by hand or using a computer.
Making detailed drawings will save time and expenses later. Also, drawing the
project helps you think through the job in detail, which can enable you to
spot something that you might otherwise overlook. If you have all the
necessary materials noted in the plan, it will almost certainly minimize extra
trips to the plumbing supply store. A clear, professional-quality plan can also
be especially helpful for projects that require a plumbing permit. Although a
plan might not be required in order to obtain a permit, it will likely make your
initial meeting with the building department more productive. Be sure
to check your local plumbing codes before you begin.

How to Draw a Plumbing Plan

A plan for new plumbing starts with a map of the existing plumbing.
Use color codes and these universally recognized symbols on your drawings
to clearly denote each component of your plan.
If you have architectural drawings, make several photocopies of them.
Otherwise, make several copies of an accurate scale drawing of the room. A
gridded straightedge will help you draw parallel lines. You’ll also need color
pencils, an eraser, and a 30-60-90-degree triangle. Use grid paper and
establish a scale, such as 1/2 inch equals 1 foot. Drawing to scale makes it
easy to note any problems with the layout. It also helps in estimating
materials.
To make a plumbing plan, first draw all fixtures to scale size and make sure
they are not too close together. Mark the drain lines and vents for the
fixtures, then add the supply lines. Make riser drawings to show vertical pipe
runs as well.
Indicate pipe sizes and the exact type of every fitting so the inspector can
approve them. Mark locations for valves, including stops at fixtures, and
specify the type of valve. Make a shopping list of materials based on the
drawings.

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Elements of a Successful Plumbing Plan

 Key Coding
It’s a good idea to code your map to keep the different elements straight.
Show drainpipes with solid lines and supply lines with broken lines. Indicate
vertical runs with notes on the overhead view. Mark hot and cold supply lines
with colored pencils and color-code drains and vents. Point to pipe sizes with
a curved leader line to avoid mistaking the leader for a pipe. You might need
to draw several versions of the plumbing plan before you get all the details
right.

 DWV Elevation
A drain-waste-vent (DWV) elevation describes the system that will carry
water, waste, and air out of the house. This part of your plumbing plan
should note the upward path of the stack, vents, and revents; the length of
drainpipe runs; and traps. Its primary purpose is to show how the fixtures
will be vented. It doesn’t have to be drawn over an architectural drawing,
although that can be helpful for reference.

 Supply Drawing
A supply drawing indicates the estimated length of supply pipes. Be sure to
include the pipe size as well. The main purpose of this drawing is to
determine the minimum size of the pipes. Refer to this plumbing plan as you
make your shopping list of materials to ensure you purchase the right sizes
and lengths.

Draft Water Distribution System

This lesson is designed to familiarize you to draft the proper
distribution of water system (Hot and Cold water) and the signs and symbols
used which are based on the standard water code of the Philippines.
Operational Definition of Terms:
 Aluminum is a lightweight but relatively strong metal often alloyed
copper to increase hardness and strength.
 Gate Valve is usually chosen for locations where it is left completely
open most of the time because it offers the least resistance to the flow
of water.
 Diagrammatic Layout is used for drafting layout in architectural
plans.
 Nipples are shorts pieces of pipes threaded on both ends.
 Plumbing refers to the water supply and drainage of waste water
sewage.
 Plumbing System refers to supply pipe that carry fresh waste water
under pressure from a public water supply or individual wells to
fixtures.

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  Reducer is used to connect straight section pipes of different sizes.
 Scale Layout is used for drafting large pipes.

Overview
One of the man’s essential needs is water. He could live for days
without food but not without water. Water appears in its natural state (liquid)
or solid (ice) and gas (vapor) or steam. It is 830 times heavier than air but is
133 times lighter in its gaseous state. This can be source from: rain water,
natural surface water and underground water.
Water is a necessity. It is conveyed from the source to the household
through a system of pipes.
Water distribution systems for residential and commercial buildings are
conveyed thru pipes, a PVC, Cast Iron Pipe or G.I Pipe.
Hot and cold water is supplied to the buildings by a series of pipes
connected from the source under pressure to the building fixtures thru a
water line distribution system.

Pipeline design includes a selection of the route traversed by the pipe,

determination of the throughput (i.e., the amount of fluid or solids
transported) and the operational velocity, calculation of pressure gradient,
selection of pumps and other equipment, determination of pipe thickness and
material.

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SELF-CHECK # 1.1
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose/encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. These are the schematic single line process diagrams which define the
sequence of equipment, valves, inline components, pipeline sizes, and
overall system arrangement required for proper system function.

A. System Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&ID

B. Key Coding
C. Supply Drawing
D. Collection of As-Built Information

2. These documents can be either imported computer-aided design or

drafting (CADD) files or prints of the equipment being piped.

A. Collection of As-Built Information

B. Project Piping Specifications
C. Diagrammatic Layout
D. Scale Layout

3. It refers to supply pipe that carry fresh waste water under pressure from a
public water supply or individual wells to fixtures.
A. Scale Layout
B. Key Coding
C. Plumbing System
D. Reducer

4. It is used for drafting layout in architectural plans.

A. Nipples
B. Scale layout
C. Plumbing
D. Diagrammatic Layout

5. Is a lightweight but relatively strong metal often alloyed copper to increase

hardness and strength?
A. Aluminum
B. Metal
C. G.I Pipe

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 D. Bronze

Learning Objectives: Prepare materials, tools, and equipment according to the

job requirements.

Information Sheet No.2

Plumbing Materials and Tools

I. Plumbing Materials
 PIPES
Plastic or Synthetic Pipes:

Rigid Types:

 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC or Vinyl) is a high

strength thermoplastic material widely used in
applications, such as pipes, medical devices, wire
and cable insulation...the list is endless. It is the
world's third-most widely produced synthetic
plastic polymer.

 Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC)

Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) is a

thermoplastic produced by chlorination of polyvinyl
chloride (PVC) resin, which is significantly more
flexible and can withstand higher temperatures than
standard PVC. Uses include hot and cold water
delivery pipes and industrial liquid handling.

 Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (UPVC)

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 Unplasticised Polyvinyl Chloride also
commonly referred to as UPVC, uPVC,
PVCU or PVC-U is a highly regarded
piping system that is suitable within the
water treatment, chemical processing and
similar industries.
UPVC is an extremely versatile product that has
uses ranging from drinking water to highly
corrosive chemical applications. The product contains UV stabilizing additives and
thermal properties which ensure that it is suitable for both interior and exterior
environments. Its smooth texture also ensures that there is limited build-up of
materials or scale from the liquids during operations.

 Sanitary PVC Pipe

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC, or vinyl) is used in

a variety of applications in the building and
construction, health care, electronics,
automobile and other sectors, in products
ranging from piping and siding, blood bags
and tubing, to wire and cable insulation,
windshield system components and more.

The sanitary sewer is a system of

underground pipes that carries sewage from bathrooms, sinks, kitchens,
and other plumbing components to a wastewater treatment plant where it
is filtered, treated and discharged. The storm sewer is a system designed
to carry rainfall runoff and other drainage.

 Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene, often

abbreviated as ABS, is an opaque
engineering thermoplastic widely used in
electronic housings, auto parts, consumer
products, pipe fittings, lego toys and many
more.

 Polypropylene (PP)

Polypropylene (PP) is a rigid and crystalline

thermoplastic used widely in everyday
objects like packaging trays, household
products, battery cases, medical devices, etc.

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 Explore this comprehensive guide and learn everything you need to know
about this widely used thermoplastic.

 Styrene Rubber plastic (SR)

The SR plastics shall contain styrene
plastics combined with rubber (polybutadiene or
butadiene-styrene type, or both) and compounding
materials such as antioxidants and lubricants, and
may contain acrylonitrile.

Flexible Types:

 Polyethylene (PE)
Polyethylene is a lightweight, durable
thermoplastic with variable crystalline
structure. It is one of the most widely
produced plastics in the world (tens of
millions of tons are produced worldwide each
year). Polyethylene is used in applications
ranging for films, tubes, plastic parts,
laminates, etc. in several markets (packaging,
automotive, electrical, etc.).
Polyethylene is made from the polymerization
of ethylene (or ethene) monomer. Polyethylene
chemical formula is (C2H4)n.

 Polybutylene (PB)
Polybutylene (polybutene-1, poly (1-
butene), PB-1) is a polyolefin or
saturated polymer with the chemical formula
(C4H8)n. It should not be confused
with polybutene, a low molecular
weight oligomer.
Polybutylene is produced by polymerisation of 1-
butene using supported Ziegler–Natta catalysts.
PB-1 is a high molecular weight,
linear, isotactic, and semi-crystalline polymer. PB-1 combines typical
characteristics of conventional polyolefins with certain properties of
technical polymers.

METALLIC PIPES:

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 Stainless Steel Pipe

Stainless steel pipe is primarily used in piping

systems for the transport of fluids or gases. We
manufacture steel pipe from a steel alloy
containing nickel as well as chromium, which give
stainless steel its corrosion-resistant properties.
Stainless steel pipe resists oxidation, making it a
low-maintenance solution that is suitable for high
temperature and chemical applications. Because
it is easily cleaned and sanitized, stainless steel
pipe is also desired for applications involving food,
beverages, and pharmaceutical applications

 Lead Pipes
A lead service line (LSL, also known
as lead service pipe,
and lead connection pipe) is a pipe made
of lead which is used in potable water
distribution to connect a water main to a
user's premise. Lead exposure is a public
health hazard as it causes developmental
effects in fetuses, infants, and young children.

 Galvanized Wrought Iron Pipe

Galvanized Iron (GI) Pipes are manufactured
using mild steel strips of Low Carbon Steel
Coils. The strips are passed through a series
of fin rolls to give them a circular shape. The
slit ends of the strips are then welded
together by continuously passing high-
frequency electric current across the edges. A
steel pipe or wrought-iron pipe, of standard
dimensions, which has been galvanized by coating it with a thin layer of
zinc.

 Brass Pipe
Brass pipe resists corrosion from water, heat,
saltwater, acids, minerals, and soils. It's
suitable for use in air, water, oil, natural gas,
and steam applications.

 Copper Pipe
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 Copper pipes are commonly used in the
construction industry for water supply lines
and refrigerant lines in HVAC (heating,
cooling, and air-conditioning)
systems. Copper pipes can be manufactured
as soft or rigid copper and offer excellent
corrosion-resistance and reliable
connections.

 Asbestos Pipe
Asbestos cement pipe is generally viewed as
a rigid pipe although it does have a limited
amount of flexibility. Because asbestos fibers
and dust are hazardous to health, special
care is warranted in working around this
material if airborne particles are generated.
This pipe has been used in both pressurized
and gravity-flow systems.

 Bituminous Fiber Sewer Pipe

Bituminized fiber pipe (VCP) made from layers

of ground wood pulp fibers compressed with
and bound by a water resistant adhesive then
impregnated with liquefied coal tar pitch. It
was used from the 1860s through the 1970s,
when it was replaced by PVC pipe for water
supply and ABS pipe for drain-waste-vent
(DWV) applications. It is also belong to the
oldest prefabricated components in sewer
systems.

 VITRIFIED CLAY PIPE

Vitrified Clay Pipe is pipe made from a blend of

clay and shale that has been subjected to high
temperature to achieve vitrification, which results
in a hard, inert ceramic. Is a sturdy conduit
widely used in gravity sanitary sewer collection
mains and is the longest-lasting pipe material to
date.

FITTINGS
– are any pipe part used to join two sections of pipes. It is used in pipe
systems to connect straight sections of pipe or tube, adapt to different sizes or
shapes, and for other purposes such as regulating fluid flow.

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 Elbow
An elbow is installed between two lengths of pipe (or
tubing) to allow a change of direction, usually a 90° or
45° angle; 22.5° elbows are also available. The ends may
be machined for butt welding, threaded (usually female),
or socketed. When the ends differ in size, it is known as a
reducing (or reducer) elbow.

 TEE
Is a type of pipe fitting which is T-shaped having two
outlets, 90° to the connection to the main line. It is a
short piece of pipe with a lateral outlet. Pipe Tee is used
to connect pipelines with a pipe at a right angle with the
line. Pipe Tees are widely used as pipe fittings.

 Socket
A socket weld is a pipe attachment detail in which a
pipe is inserted into a recessed area of a valve, fitting
of flange. In contrast to buttweld fittings, Socket Weld
fittings are mainly used for small pipe diameters
(Small Bore Piping); generally for piping whose
nominal diameter is NPS 2 or small.

 Cap
Pipe caps act as protective device and are designed to
protect pipe ends of various shapes. The main
purpose of using pipe caps is to waterproof the
connections. They are also used to close the ends of
hydraulic or pneumatic pipes and tubes. They are
used in the plumbing apparatus of domestic,
commercial and industrial water supply lines,
machinery and processing equipment etc. They are
also fitted on water pump lines with the sole purpose of removing air
blocks. Pipe caps are highly demanded as an important category of pipe
fittings.

 Plug
Pipe plugs are defined as cap end of fractional tubes
used in a large number of industries. These pipe
plugs are designed to insert into the end of tubing to
dead-end the flow. Various materials are used to
manufacture high quality tube plugs in a variety of
end connections.

 Union
Pipe union is a type of fitting equipment designed in
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 such a way to unite two pipes which can be detached without causing any
deformation to the pipes. Any kind of small diameter piping connection
requiring a positive seal and easy assembly as well disassembly are made
with the help of pipe union.

Three parts of Union:

 A nut
 A female end
 A male end

 Nipple

In plumbing and piping, a nipple is a fitting,

consisting of a short piece of pipe, usually provided
with a male pipe thread at each end, for connecting
two other fittings.

 Couplings
A coupling (or coupler) (used in piping or plumbing)
is a very short length of pipe or tube, with a socket at
one or both ends that allows two pipes or tubes to be
joined, welded (steel), brazed or soldered (copper,
brass etc.) together.

 Bushings
Bushings are used to join pipes of different sizes,
usually by reducing a larger fitting down to a
smaller pipe. Bushings are usually not always
threaded both inside and out, and take up very little
space compared to a coupling or union, which
accomplish the same goal.

 Bends
Pipe bending allows systems to minimize pressure
changes while still routing materials through complex
piping systems. As most bent pipes do not alter the
ends of the piping, pipe bends are often easy to
implement within a processing system using standard
welding processes, flanges, or other connection
methods.

 Wyes
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 A fitting with three openings, a wye joins (or
creates) branch lines. It is a waste-fitting tee in
which the side inlet pipe enters at a 45° angle. A
standard wye is a Y-shaped fitting which allows one
pipe to be joined to another at a 45° angle.

PLUMBING FIXTURES

A plumbing fixture is an exchangeable device which can be connected

to an existing plumbing system to deliver and drain away water but which is
also configured to enable a particular use. Are also devices that provide a
supply of water and its disposal.
The most common plumbing fixtures are:
 Bathtubs
 Bidets
 Channel drains (also called trench drains)
 Drinking fountains
 Hose bibbs (connections for water hoses)
 Kitchen sinks
 Lavatories (also called bathroom sinks)
 Showers
 Tapware - an industry term for that sub-category of plumbing fixtures
consisting of tap valves, also called water taps or faucets and their
accessories, such as water spouts and shower heads.
 Terminal valves for dishwashers, ice makers, humidifiers, etc.
 Urinals
 Utility sinks
 Water closets- (known as toilets in the

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  SINK
- Also known by other names including sinker, washbowl, hand
basin, wash basin, and simply basin – is a
bowl-shaped plumbing fixture used for
washing hands, dishwashing, and other
purposes. Sinks have taps (faucets) that
supply hot and cold water and may include a
spray feature to be used for faster rinsing. They
also include a drain to remove used water; this
drain may itself include a strainer and/or
shut-off device and an overflow-prevention
device. Sinks may also have an integrated soap dispenser. Many sinks,
especially in kitchens, are installed adjacent to or inside a counter. Sink in
a kitchen, used for washing dishes and preparing food.

 FAUCET

Any device for controlling the flow of liquid from a pipe or

the like by opening or closing an orifice; tap; cock

 TUBS
A long plastic, metal, or ceramic container that
is filled with water so that you can sit or lie in
it to wash your whole body/ wide, open, deep.
Typically round container with a flat bottom
used for holding liquids, growing plants, etc.

 LAVATORY

A room or compartment with a toilet and

washbasin; a bathroom. A fixed bowl or
basin with running water and drainpipe for
washing.

 URINAL
Is a sanitary plumbing fixture for urination
only. Urinals are often provided in public

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 toilets for male users in Western countries. They are usually used in a
standing position. Urinals can be with manual flushing, automatic
flushing, or without flushing, as is the case for waterless urinals. The
can be arranged as single sanitary fixtures (with or without privacy
walls). Urinals designed for females (“female urinals”) also exist but
rare. It is possible for females to use male urinals with a female
urination device.

 TOILET BOWL
A toilet is a piece of sanitary hardware
used for the collection or disposal of
human urine and feces. Toilets can be
with or without flushing water. They can
be set up for a sitting posture or for a
squatting posture.

 FLOOR DRAIN

A floor drain is a plumbing fixture that is installed

in the floor of a structure, mainly designed to remove
any standing water near it. They are usually round,
but can also be square or rectangular.

 SHOWER DIVERTER

Shower diverter is the mechanism that

reroutes the water from your bathtub faucet
to your showerhead. Many shower
diverters are controlled by a pin knob that
you pull, but there are many types. Maybe
yours is turned on with a button or with a
third faucet handle between the bathtub's
hot and cold knobs.

This valve is what allows you to choose between filling your bathtub
and taking a shower. In short, it diverts water up into the showerhead
instead of coming out of the tub spout.

 WATER CLOSET

Water closet is just another name for a

typical gravity flush toilet. If you want to get
detailed, “water closet” can also be used to
describe a small room that houses a toilet.

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 A water closet can be great to add a little privacy to a larger bathroom
or shared mater bath.

II. Plumbing Tools

 MEASURING TOOLS

 Push – Pull Rule

For most home applications, one of each of two
kinds of tape measures will help you
accomplish what needs to be done. Push-
Pull Tape. This familiar device is spring-loaded
so that the tape retracts into its metal or plastic
case when not in use. It is also known as a
flexible rule.

 Try Square
A try square or try-square is a woodworking
tool used for marking and checking 90°
angles on pieces of wood. Though
woodworkers use many different types
of square, the try square is considered one of

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 the essential tools for woodworking. The square in the name refers to
the 90° angle.

 L – Square / Steel Square

The steel square is a tool used in carpentry.

Carpenters use various tools to lay out structures
that are square (that is, built at accurately
measured right angles), many of which are made
of steel, but the name steel square refers to a
specific long-armed square that has additional
uses for measurement, especially of various angles.
Today the steel square is more commonly referred
to as the framing square or carpenters square.

 Inside and Outside Calipers

Inside calipers are used to

measure inside dimensions such as
the inside diameter of a tube,
while outside calipers are used for
measuring outside dimensions such as
the outside diameter of a tube or a piece
of bar stock.

Level Bar
The level is used by the plumber to make surfaces
either vertical or horizontal. Some levels may also
indicate a 45-degrees angle. The level is placed
upon or against the object being leveled. The
plumber observes a bubble in a liquid-filled glass
chamber. The position of the bubble tells the
plumber how well the surface is aligned.

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III. CUTTING TOOLS

 Cross-Cut Saw
A crosscut saw is any saw designed for
cutting wood perpendicular to the wood
grain. Crosscut saws may be small or
large, with small teeth close together for
fine work like woodworking or large for
coarse work like log bucking, and can be a
hand tool or power tool.

 Hack Saw
A hack saw is a fine-toothed saw,
originally and mainly made for cutting
metal. The equivalent saw for cutting
wood is usually called a bow saw. Most

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 hacksaws are hand saws with a C-shaped walking frame that holds
a blade under tension.

 Wheel Pipe Cutter

Is used to cut pipe squarely. A square cut

is necessary so that the dies will start
straight but there must be room to swing
the cutter around the pipe.

 Pipe Reamer

Is used to remove burs from the inside of

the pipe after it has been cut. The burs
must be removed because they restrict the
flow of liquid or gas.

 Pipe Threader
Is also known as a die. Most threading
device used is fixed die threader.

HOLDING TOOLS
Tool for holding firmly any material that has to be cut.

 Pipe Wrench
Used to loosen or tighten pipes and fittings. A
pipe wrench is an adjustable wrench that is used,
as the name implies, on pipes. Most often, pipe
wrenches are used on threaded pipe, usually
galvanized steel, black iron or similar metal pipes.
A pipe wrench has two serrated jaws that are
tightened and dig into the pipe for grip. The top
serrated jaw adjusts up and down to fit different
size pipes. The unique feature of a pipe wrench is

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that the teeth will only grip when turning the wrench in one direction (see
above), so it almost acts as a ratchet wrench.

 Pipe Vise
Is used to hold pipes firmly during the process of cutting, threading
and joining pipes.

 Yoke Type Chain Type

 Tube Cutter

Tube cutter is used to cut copper tube. The cutter

opens quickly to insert the tubing and slides to the
cutting position.

 Chain Wrench
and Chain Tongs
Can be used to tighten threaded iron pipe and
fittings. They have the advantage of distributing
force evenly around the pipe without crushing it
and are handy in close quarters, as the only
clearance necessary is enough room to be able
to wrap the chain around the pipe or fitting.

 Basin Wrench
Is used to extend the plumber’s reach behind
fixtures to tighten the water supply connections to
the faucet and to tighten up slip nuts on fixture
traps in tight places.

 Strap Wrench

Is used for tightening chrome-plated pipe and

fittings so that they will not be marred with
wrench marks. Powdered rosin is sprinkled on
the strap to help it bite on the smooth chrome
surface.

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BORING TOOLS
Boring is the process of enlarging a hole that has already been drilled
(or cast), by means of a single-point cutting tool, for example as in boring a
cannon barrel. Boring is used to achieve greater accuracy of the
Diameter of a hole, and can be used to cut a tapered hole.

Electric Drill Hammer drill Auger brace w/ Bits

TESTING TOOLS-used in finding out how well the finished work.

Spirit Level Plumb Bob Horse Level

Bar

DRIVING TOOLS-driving tools help hand tools and power tools work together,
especially important for the variety of drilling tasks that get done in
woodworking.

SLEDGER HAMMER CROW BAR CLAW HAMMER DRILL PRESS SCREW DRIVER

Self-check 1.2
Direction: Look at the table below, from the list appropriate plumbing
materials and tools for each of the following activities.

1. Plastic Pipe 11. Pipe Reamer

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 2. Elbows 12. Threader
3. Fittings 13. L – Square
4. Wrench 14. Water hose
5. Floor drain 15. Auger Brace and Bits
6. Metal Pipes 16. Sledge hammer
7. Couplings 17. Screw driver
8. Faucet 18. Lavatory
9. Telephone shower 19. Cross-Cut Saw
10. Hack saw 20. Clamps

1. Cutting pipes ______________

2. Measuring the bend angle of pipes________________
3. Threading pipes_______________
4. Testing the levelness of installed pipes __________________
5. Connecting two pipes___________________

B. Directions: From the former list, identify the following:

1
2 3

4. 5.

Information Sheet No. 1.3

Personal Protective Equipment

What PPE does Plumber need?

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PPE considerations for plumbers should include boots, gloves and
wraparound eye protection as a minimum, along with ear protection when
using power tools.

Essential Personal Protective Equipment for Plumber and Their Benefits

Safety is a key issue for plumbing experts. Recently, most plumbing accidents
happen due to lack of personal
protective equipment for plumbers.
Also, some of these accidents may
be as a result of failure to wear the
right PPE.

Protective gears are essential in all

plumbing services, such as pipe
installation, system repairs, e.t.c.
The right personal protective
equipment for a plumber
comprises of gloves, boots,
wraparound eye protection, protective helmet, and eye protection. Also,
sometimes a plumber may need respiratory protective equipment. Eye
protection is essential when the plumber is using power tools.

PPE can be defined as safety gear that protects plumbers against safety or
health risks when handling the job. The main objective of a protective gear for
a plumber is to reduce plumber exposure to hazards related to plumbing.
Below are essential PPE for plumbers commonly used on plumbing and their
benefits.

1. Face and Eye Protection

Spectacles, safety goggles, and full-face shields are

essential protective gears a plumber should consider
using when handling the task. This safety gears are
commonly used when handling power tools. This safety
equipment helps the plumber to effectively and
efficiently complete the task. In addition, the plumber
will complete the task on time. This will give you a
homeowner’s peace of mind, thus improving production
in their fields of specialization.

2. Head Protection

Protective helmets are important in a plumbing

site because they prevent injuries from flying or

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falling objects. Recently, due to advanced technology, some hard hats are
equipped with accessories, such as earmuffs and shields. A plumber should
consider buying a well-fitted protective helmet to prevent inconveniences. Too
small or too large hard hats are inappropriate to use. Falling or flying objects
might lead to severe head injuries, which will cost a plumber a huge amount
of money in the long run. Therefore, it’s a great idea to invest in a suitable
protective helmet.

3. Hand and Skin Protection

Plumbing projects typically require the use of

hands. Recently, there have been many reported
cases of hand injuries resulting from lack of
hand protective gear. Also, a plumber can suffer
from various occupational skin diseases, such
as skin cancer, dermatitis, and other severe skin
injuries. These diseases are costly because they
require a high medical cost. Hands are the most
common part of the body, which is involved in plumbing projects. Therefore,
hand gloves are essential because they lower the risk of hand and skin
diseases. There are different types of gloves that can be used as PPE for
plumbers. These types include cut-resistant gloves, rubber gloves, heat-
resistant gloves, chainsaw gloves. Gloves are essential when a plumber is
handling tasks that involve hot materials, electricity, and slippery objects.

4. Respiratory Protection

Production of toxic substances is common in

plumbing sites. Respiratory protection gears, such
as respirators, are designed to protect a plumber
from fumes, dust, and other dangerous substances
that could lead to respiratory problems. Respiratory
protection gears are important in areas where
there’s air contamination.

5. Hearing Protection

Noise pollution in plumbing sites can lead to

permanent hearing impairment. Earplugs and
earmuffs are the common hearing protection
equipment in plumbing projects. Note that earplugs
are effective in reducing low-frequency noise,
whereas earmuffs are effective in preventing high-
frequency noise.

Conclusion

Protective equipment for plumbers is essential in enhancing the efficiency of

the task, managing time, and improving safety. Therefore, plumbers should
consider using the right PPE to minimize injuries while working.

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Activity Sheet No. 1.
Direction: Draw your Plumbing Floor Plan and illustrate piping using the
Plumbing Symbols and Correct measurements.
Draw it long bond paper.
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Materials needed:
 Pencil
 Technical pencil size .5
 Bond paper
 Ruler
 Triangle 45° , 30° & 60°
 Eraser
 Masking tape

CATEGORY
10 5 3
1. Measurements (20%)

2. Neatness/Originality
(20%)

3. Design/Layout (25%)

4. Clarity of drawing in
Plumbing Symbols (35%)

EVALUATION

Self-check No. 3

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Direction: Match Column A wit column B using an arrow. Write the
appropriate name of its item.

2. Earmuff A.

3. Hand gloves B.

4. Respirator C.

5. Skin protector D.

6. Head protector E.

7. Safety Goggles F.

8. Safety Shoes G.

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 Acknowledgement

The Competency-Based Learning Materials on Prepare for

Plumbing Works under the Plumbing National Certificate I
Qualification based on the Philippine TVET Trainers Qualification
Framework, could not have not been possible without the outsourced
materials presented in the Bibliography; and participation and
support of the following who in one way or another contributed in the
development of the CBLM’s.

Finally, we would like to thank God Almighty for giving as the

strength and passion to develop beyond expectations.

TO GOD BE THE GLORY!

JONATHAN D. CAPORAS
Plumbing Instructor
Ormoc City, Leyte

References

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 The National Plumbing Code
Architectural Graphic Standard – Ramsey and Sleeper
Mechanical and Electrical Equipment for Buildings 6th Edition Mc
Guinness Stein Reynolds
Progressive Architecture
Time Saver Standards for Building Types 2nd Edition by J. Chara & John
Callender
Rural Water Supply and Sanitation – Forest B. Wright
Water Supply and Sewerage – Steel Mcghee
How to Design and Install Plumbing. by A.S Mathias, Jr. and Esles
Smith Jr.
Plumbing by Dick Demske
Readers Digest Home Improvement Manual
Building Technology and Mechanical System by Mc Guiness and Stein
Pipe Work and Pipe Welding L.J Rose
Municipal and Rural Sanitation – Victor M Ehlers and Ernest W. Steel
ASHRAE Standard 90-75
Eslon Blue uPVC Pipes and Fittings Manual
Eternit Corporation Technical Data
Philippine Standard Product and Catalog
Audel The Home Plumbing Handbook by Charles N. Mc Connell

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