SEKHUKHUNE
SOUTH DISTRICT
GRADE 12
GEOGRAPHY
PAPER 1 PRE-JUNE EXAM
MARKING GUIDELINE
Marks : 150
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1. Climatology
1.1. match column
1.1.1. Z (1)
1.1.2. Z (1)
1.1.3. Y (X) (1)
1.1.4. Y (1)
1.1.5. Y (1)
1.1.6. Z (1)
1.1.7. Z (1)
1.1.8. Y (1) (8 × 1) (8)
1.2. Valley climate
1.2.1. B (1)
1.2.2. A (1)
1.2.3. B (1)
1.2.4. A (1)
1.2.5. A (1)
1.2.6. A (1)
1.2.7. B (1) (7×1)(7)
1.3. Tropical storm
1.3.1. 5(Five) (1)
1.3.2. Driven by the tropical easterlies/trade winds in a westerly direction
Curve in an easterly direction due to cooler conditions over the ocean (2)
1.3.3. 48 116 people (2)
1.3.4. Friction with land surface decreased the wind speeds (2)
Decrease in moisture levels caused less severe rainfall (2) [ANY ONE]
1.3.5. Causes the deflection and rotation of air around the disturbance (2)
Keeps pressure low / sustains the low-pressure (2) (2 x 2) (4)
1.3.6. High rainfall will damage bridges, road, and rail infrastructure (2)
Power stations in some parts of Mozambique will be affected and can
cause power outages and load shedding (2)
Harbours/ports in Maputo might be damaged due to flooding and
negatively impact service delivery (2)
Jamming of sluices of major dams due to silting (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)
1.4. Berg wind
1.4.1. Warm dry wind blowing from the interior down the escarpment to coastal
areas. (2)
1.4.2. The air heats up heats up adiabatically as it descends down the mountain.
(1 x 2)(2)
1.4.3. Between 35 – 40 min / Less than an hour (2) [Any ONE] (1 x 2)(2)
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1.4.4. Anticlockwise circulation of air from the Kalahari High descends down the
escarpment. (2) (1 x 2)(2)
1.4.5.
(3×1)(3)
1.4.6. Moisture will be evaporated from the soil and vegetation (2)
Increases the danger of veldt fires (2)
Decreased humidity (2)[Any TWO] (2 x 2)(4)
1.5. Synoptic weather map
1.5.1. 1020 hPa/mb (1) (1 x 1)(1)
1.5.2. The migration of the ITCZ caused it to be more northerly (2)
In winter cells B and C, lie north and closer to land since they migrate with the
apparent movement of the sun (2)[ANY ONE] (1 x 2)(2)
Mark allocation
1 mark for correct shape of cross profile
[ANY THREE LABELS] (1 + 3)(4)
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1.5.4. Berg wind conditions as air heat adiabatically down the escarpment causing
evaporation at F/lowers humidity (2)
Coastal low causes clockwise circulation of air at F (2)
Off-shore flow of air due to clockwise circulation causes low moisture levels at
F (2)
On-shore flow of air due to clockwise circulation occurs at G (2)
On-shore flow of air picks up moisture over the ocean and causes unstable
and cloudy conditions at G (2) [ANY FOUR] (4 x 2)(8)
2. Geomorphology
2.1. Multiple choice questions
2.1.1. B (1)
2.1.2. D (1)
2.1.3. A (1)
2.1.4. B (1)
2.1.5. C (1)
2.1.6. D (1)
2.1.7. D (1)
2.1.8. C (1) (8×1)(8)
2.2. Rejuvenation
2.2.1. vertically (1)
2.2.2. knickpoint (1)
2.2.3. drop in sea level (1)
2.2.4. after (1)
2.2.5. Valley-in-valleys (1)
2.2.6. headward (1)
2.2.7. ungraded (1) (7 x 1)(7)
2.3. Ungraded longitudinal profile
2.3.1. Turbulent (1) (1 x 1)(1)
2.3.2. Upper course
Narrow (1) and shallow (1)
Middle course
Wider (1) and deeper (1) [ANY TWO DIRECT DIFFERENCES] (2 x 1)(2)
2.3.3. (a) Part of the river where there is a sharp change in the channel slope (2)
[CONCEPT] (1 x 2)(2)
(b) The area is flat causing a balance between erosion and deposition (2) (1 x 2)(2)
(c) Increase in water volume causes headward erosion which removes knickpoints
(temporary base level of erosion) (2)(1 x 2)(2)
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2.3.4. Saline conditions in the sea cause fine clay particles to flocculate (stick
together) making particles larger and heavier which causes them to sink (2)
The gentle gradient causes the deposition of silt and clay near the river mouth
(2)
Lack of sea currents decreases the removal of silt/clay increasing the building
up of sediments around the river mouth (2)
The high/shallow seabed promotes the quick building up of sediments at the
river mouth (2) [ANY THREE] (3 x 2)(6)
2.4. Waterfall and rapids
2.4.1. Upper/young stage (1) (1 x 1)(1)
2.4.2. Turbulent (1) (1 x 1) (1)
2.4.3. Steeper gradient in the upper course causes water to flow in tumbling and
circular motions (1) (1 x 1) (1)
2.4.4. Resistant rock lies either vertical, horizontal or tilted up stream (2)
Softer rock underneath the harder rocks (2)
Layers of more resistant strata (hard rock) takes longer to erode than layers of less
resistant strata (soft rock) (2)
Undercutting at the base of the harder resistant rock (2)
There would be a sudden drop in elevation (waterfalls) (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x 2)(4)
2.4.5. Erosion (undercutting) occurs at the foot of the waterfall creating a plunge
pool (2)
Softer rock underneath is removed forming a notch (2)
The harder overhanging rock will collapse under gravity causing the waterfall to
retreat upstream (2)[ANY TWO] (2 x 2)(4)
2.4.6. They are navigational hazards (2)
Bridges would have to be constructed over these fluvial landforms (2)
These bridges would either have to include a road or railway line (2)
Turbines for the generation of hydroelectricity would have to be constructed at the
base of these landforms (2)
Smaller dams could be built near the base of the falling water (2) [ANY TWO] (2 x
2)(4)
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2.5. Catchment and river management
2.5.1. Sewage (1) (1 x 1) (1)
2.5.2. Agricultural (1) (1 x 1) (1)
2.5.3. It provides water for agricultural crops (1) (1 x 1)(1)
2.5.4. This is the area where most settlements are located (1)
Most human activity occurs here (1)
This is where most raw sewage leaks into the river (1)
Untreated sewage will create a health hazard (1)
Dams are built in the lower course and untreated sewage runs into the dams
(1) [ANY TWO] (2 x 1)(2)
2.5.5. There would be a decrease in agricultural production (2)
Less produce available for exports (2)
More produce would have to be imported (2)
Loss of jobs (2)
Buying power decreases – multiplier effect (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2)(2)
2.5.6. Upgrade sewerage works to ensure a functional sewerage network (2)
Legislation is needed to control what is discharged in rivers (2)
Public must be made aware/educated about importance of water conservation
(2)
Construction and settlements on the catchment area must be avoided (2)
Constant testing to monitor the state of the river (2)
Buffering of rivers (2)
Fines to be instituted for those breaking the law (2) [ANY FOUR] (4 x 2)(8)
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3. Mapwork
3.1. Map skills and calculations.
3.1.1. A (1)
3.1.2. VI= 1388 – 1382.0 = 6✓m
HE= 3.2✓cm x 500 = 1600✓m
G= VI/HE= 6/1600(✓ correct substitution)= 1: 266.67✓ (5x1) (5)
3.1.3. Difference in years: 2024-2016= 8✓ years
Mean annual change: 9’ westwards
Total change: 8 x 9’ = 72’ w = 10 12’ ✓westwards
Current magnetic declination: 240 42’ +✓ 10 12’ = 250 54’ WTN✓ (4x1) (4)
3.2. Map interpretation
3.2.1. B (1)
3.2.2. D (1)
3.2.3. Morning (1)
3.2.4. The shadows fall in a south-westerly direction. (2)
3.2.5. Rainfall is seasonal. (2)
3.2.6. Refer to river H in block B1
(a) Perennial river. (1)
(b) North-easterly direction (1)
(c) The river flows towards the dam.(1)
The V-shaped contour lines point in a south-westerly direction
Height decreases in a northerly direction (1) (ANY ONE)
3.2.7. Uniform/homogenous resistance (2)
Horizontally layered (2) (ANY ONE)
3.3. Geographical information systems
3.3.1. Refer to the orthophoto
(a) How clear and detailed the location and feature of a shape is. (2)
(b) Higher number of pixels was used. (2)
The pixels are smaller (2)
Close up view(2)
Better quality camera or lens used (2) (ANY ONE)
(c) Features are clearly visible. (2)
3.3.2. Drainage layer: perennial river, dam, reservoir (1)
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Infrastructure layer: buildings, power lines, other road, main road(1)
