LISTENING

1. A. He’ll correct the exams this afternoon.

B. The exam will be at noon
C. He will collect the exams at 12:00.
D. The tests have not yet been regarded.

2. . A. Martha applied for a visa last month.

B. Martha’s visa will last for only a month.
C. Martha arrived last month without her visa.
D. Martha’s visa was already delivered.

3. A. The professor described what the students should do

B. There was a long line to register for the required class.
C. The professor required an outline.
D. The professor lined up for retirement.

4. A. Chuck had improved.

B. This visit was better than the last.
C. Chuck looked at him in the hospital
D. Chuck didn’t seem to be doing very well.

5. A. She thinks the tuition should be increased.

B. The semester’s tuition is quite affordable.
C. It cost too much.
D. She has more than enough for tuition.

6. A. He thinks he got a good grade

B. The history grades were all c or above.
C. No one got history grades.
D. All the grades were c or lower.

7. A. The parking lots were full before 10:00.

B. It was impossible to start class by 10:00.
C. He parked the car before class at 10:00.
D.. The possibility of finding a place to park increased.
8. A. She’s found a new ring.
B. She would like a hug.
C. She’s shopping for a carpet
D. She’s thankful she has a rag.
 9. A. In a department store.
B. In a bank.
C. In an accounting firm.
D. In a checkout line.

10. A. Jane usually visits San Francisco for her vacations.

B. Jane’s cousin often visits San Francisco.
C. Whenever there’s a holiday, Jane’s cousin goes to San Francisco.
D. Whenever there’s a holiday, Jane leaves San Francisco

11. A. He wishes he had something to eat.

B. He hopes he won’t eat for weeks.
C. He wishes he hadn’t eaten so much.
D. He wishes he weren’t eating.

12. A. Traffic should not be allowed.

B. She thinks that the traffic should stay outside.
C. She agrees that the traffic is noisy.
D. She’ll stay outside with the man.

13. A. The headings for today’s reading assignment.

B. The chance to make the headlines.
C. Her reading ability.
D. The daily newspaper.

14. A. The bus trip is only five minutes long.

B. The man missed the bus by five minutes.
C. The man doesn’t have time to waste.
D. The bus was five minutes late.

15. A. It’s not possible to pass the class.

B. She’ll definitely fail.
C. It’s always possible.
D. She shouldn’t say anything about the class.

16. A. She gave tom money to pay rent.

B. She was given money for the rent.
C. Tom borrowed money for the rent.
D. She had some money to lend.

17. A. The cake is extremely good.

B. He never tasted the cake.
C. He wished he hadn’t tasted the cake.
D. The cake has never been very good.
18. A. At the comer she ran into another car.
B. She ran to Carl because she scared.
C. She unexpectedly met one of her relatives.
D. Carl was running from place to place.

19. A. She shouldn’t leave her purse here.

B. She’s probably in the apartment.
C. Her purse must not be in the apartment.
D. She left without taking purse.

20. A. The landlord failed to collect rent on the first of last month.
B. The tenants absolutely must pay rent by the first of the month.
C. The landlord will not fail to collect your rent on the first of next month.
D. It is important to call the landlord about rent on the first of the month.

21. A. Taking the car out for a test drive.

B. Listening to the noises.
C. Fixing the car herself.
D. Getting the car repaired.

22. A. Martha’s job are easy.

B. It’s easy to hold two jobs.
C. It’s better for Martha to have two jobs.
D. Martha should slow down.

23. A. The plane took of just he arrived.

B. He arrived just after the plane took off.
C. He wasn’t in time to catch the plane.
D. He arrived too late to catch the plane.

24. A. He agrees with the woman’s suggestion.

B. Parking is not free on the weekend.
C. It is not necessary for them to park.
D. He thinks they don’t have to pay.

25. A. He is eager to leave his job.

B. He is unhappy at the thought of retiring.
C. He couldn’t be unhappier about retiring.
D. He is retiring too soon.

26. A. He got the car he really wanted.

B. He didn’t get a new car.
C. The car that he got was not his first choice.
D. He didn’t really want a new car.
27. A. Mr. Drew pointedly asked the president about the committee.
B. The president pointed to Mr. Drew’s head.
C. Mr. Drew became head of the new commission.
D. Mr. Drew was committed to the president’s appointments.

28. A. She felt inferior.

B. She wasn’t furious.
C. She felt there should have been more fairness.
D. She was extremely angry.

29. A. The man would do the dishes.

B. The plates did not need to be washed.
C. The man would not be ready to go.
D. The dishes would not be done.

30. A. He knew that grapes were cheaper than cherries.

B. He didn’t know that grapes were cheaper than cherries.
C. He bought grapes because they were cheaper than cherries.
D. HE Didn’t buy either grapes or cherries because of the price.

PART B

QUESTIONS 31-34

31. A. Attend a football game alone.

B. Go to a sporting event.
C. Eat in the cafetaria and study.
D. See a play.

32. A. It’s the final game of the season.

B. It’s better than the drama departments play.
C. It’s a very important game.
D. It’s close to the cafetaria.

33. A. A play.
B. A game.
C. A study group meeting.
D. Dinner in the cafetria.

34. A. Saturday night.

B. After dinner in the cafetaria.
C. Sunday afternoon.
D. Maybe next weekend.
 QUESTIONS 35-38

35. A. Trash orbiting earth.

B. A trip by an astronaut to the moon.
C. The overabundance garbage on earth.
D. Becoming space scientists.

36. A. From a lecture.

B. In a magazine article.
C. In a book.
D. On a television program.

37. A. 17,000 pounds.

B. 3,000 tons.
C. 3,000 pounds.
D. 300 tons.

38. A. She will be able to travel in space.

B. The problem will take care of itself.
C. Scientists will find solutions to the problem.
D. The junk will fall to earth.

PART C

TALK 1

QUESTIONS 39-42

39. A. On the first day of class.

B. In the middle of the semester.
C. At the end of class.
D. IN the final week of the semester.

40. A. Later today.

B. By Friday of this week.
C. In two weeks.
D. In three weeks.

41. A. Journal and magazine articles.

B. Books from outside the library.
C. Books listed in student journals.
D. Both books and journals.
42. A. Two.
B. Three.
C. Five.
D. Seven.

QUESTIONS 43-46

43. A. In winter.
B. In spring.
C. In summer.
D. In fall.

44. A. Seasonable, with warm summers and cold winters.

B. Fairly constant and moderate.
C. Very humid.
D. Extremely hot year-round.

45. A. They come from the southwest.

B. They come most days of the year.
C. They are the hardest during the night.
D. They increase the humidity.

46. A. Preparing for a trip.

B. Writing a report about the weather.
C. Beginning a study of the weather.
D. Buying warm clothes for atrip.

QUESTIONS 47-50
47. A. Modem american authors.
B. United states history.
C. American democracy.
D. Nineteenth-century American literature.

48. A. The death of Abraham Lincoln.

B. The beauty of American democracy.
C. The raising of plants.
D. The maturity of poetry.

49. A. It’s a poem about the author.

B. It’s a poem about Abraham Lincoln.
C. It’s a collection of twelve poems that remained unchanged.
D. It’s a volume of poetry that grew with its author.

50. A. “leaves of grass.”

B. “SONG of MYSELF.”
C. “WHEN LILACS LAST in the DOORYARD BLOOMED.”
D. “AMERICAN DEMOCRACY.”
READING
United States (Urbanization) Matching the influx of foreign immigrants into the larger cities
of the United States during the late nineteenth century was a domestic migration, from town
and farm to city, within the United States. The country had been overwhelmingly rural at the
Line beginning of the century, with less than 5 percent of Americans living in large towns(5)
or cities. The proportion of urban population began to grow remarkably after 1840,increasing
from 11 percent that year to 28 percent by 1880 and to 46 percent by 1900.A country with only
6 cities boasting a population of more than 8,000 in 1800 had become one with 545 such cities
in 1900. Of these, 26 had a population of more than100,000 including 3 that held more than a
million people. Much of the migration(10) producing an urban society came from smaller
towns within the United States, but the combination of new immigrants and old American
"settlers" on America's "urban frontier" in the late nineteenth century proved extraordinary. The
growth of cities and the process of industrialization fed on each other. The agricultural
revolution stimulated many in the countryside to seek a new life in the city(15) and made it
possible for fewer farmers to feed the large concentrations of people needed to provide a
workforce for growing numbers of factories. Cities also provided ready and convenient markets
for the products of industry, and huge contracts in transportation and construction-as well as
the expanded market in consumer goods-allowed continued growth of the urban sector of the
overall economy of the(20) Untied States. Technological developments further stimulated the
process of urbanization. One example is the Bessemer converter (an industrial process for
manufacturing steel),which provided steel girders for the construction of skyscrapers. The
refining of crude oil into kerosene, and later the development of electric lighting as well as of
the(25) telephone, brought additional comforts to urban areas that were unavailable to rural
Americans and helped attract many of them from the farms into the cities. In every era the lure
of the city included a major psychological element for country people; the bustle and social
interaction of urban life seemed particularly intriguing to those raised in rural isolation.

1. What aspects of the United States in the nineteenth century does the passage mainly
discuss?
A. Technological developments
B. The impact of foreign immigrants on cities
C. Standards of living
D. The relationship between industrialization and urbanization

2. 21. The word "influx" in line 1 is closest in meaning to

A. working
B. processing
C. arrival
D. attraction

3. 22. The paragraph preceding the passage most probably discuss

A. foreign immigration
B. rural life
C. the agricultural revolution
D. famous cities of the twentieth century

4. 23. What proportion of population of the United States was urban in 1900?
A. Five percent
 B. Eleven percent
C. Twenty-eight percent
D. Forty-six percent

5. 24. 38. The word "extraordinary" in line 12 is closet in meaning to

A. expensive
B. exceptional
C. supreme
D. necessary

6. 25. 39. The phrase "each other" in line 13 refers to

A. foreign immigrants and domestic migrants
B. farms and small towns
C. growth of cities and industrialization
D. industry and transportation

7. 26. The word "stimulated" in line 14 is closest in meaning to

A. forced
B. prepared
C. limited
D. motivated

8. 27. Why does the author mention "electric lighting" and "the telephone" in lines 24-
25?
A. They contributed to the agricultural revolution
B. They are examples of the conveniences of city life
C. They were developed by the same individual.
D. They were products of the Bessemer converter.

9. 28. The word "them" in line 26 refers to

A. urban areas
B. rural Americans
C. farms
D. cities

10. 29. The word "era" in line 26 is closest in meaning to

A. period of time
B. location
C. action
D. unique situation

11. 30. 44. The word "intriguing" in line 28 is closest in meaning to

A. profitable
B. attractive
C. comfortable
D. challenging
Human Education Human education is a critical instrument in their lives. It is a significant
distinction between a civilized and an undisciplined individual. Even if the country’s literacy
rate has increased in recent years, more individuals need to be made aware of the importance
of education. Every child, whether a male or a girl, must attend school and not drop out.
Education is beneficial not just to the individual but also to society. A well-educated
individual is a valuable asset to society, contributing to its social and economic development.
Such a person is always willing to assist society and the country. It is true to say that education
is a stairway to a person’s and a nation’s achievement. Education makes a person productive,
allowing him or her to contribute to society in a positive way. It teaches us how to face many
challenges and conquer them. A well-educated individual understands how to act in a polite
and non-offensive manner. It shows us how to live a disciplined life while yet making a
respectable living. Our future is built on the basis of education. Education is also the sole
weapon that may be used to combat numerous issues such as illiteracy, poverty,
unemployment, and so on. A person’s education makes them more sensitive to the
predicament of their fellow beings. A well-educated individual not only comprehends the
issues but also possesses the essential abilities to address them. An educated individual
possesses competent skills and is more capable than someone who is uneducated. However,
it is incorrect to think that education alone ensures success. Indeed, success necessitates a
solid education, as well as devotion, attention, and hard effort. An educated individual is more
sensible and capable of rational thought. Education allows a person to become self-sufficient.
An educated individual does not rely on others and is capable of meeting his or her own
requirements. A well-educated person also educates their family, and education benefits, not
just the individual but also society and the nation. Education has a significant influence on
our outlook, making us more optimistic about life and its objectives.

1. Why A well-educated individual is a valuable asset to society? contributing to its

social and economic development
2. Predicament? (Keadaan sulit/ berbahaya) Plight
3. Address? Overcome
4. Tentang apa artikel ini? The importance of education
5. The importance of education
6. Benefit education for indivual and society
7. Replacement = Substitute
8. Manfaat Pendidikan untuk negara
9. Tips sukses = Study hard and effort
10. Deliberate = successful
 Glass is a remarkable substance made from the simplest raw materials. It can be
colored or colorless, monochrome or polychrome, transparent, translucent, or opaque.
It is lightweight impermeable to liquids, readily cleaned and reused, durable yet Line
fragile, and often very beautiful Glass can be decorated in multiple ways and
its(5)optical properties are exceptional. In all its myriad forms -as table ware,
containers, in architecture and design -glass represents a major achievement in the
history of technological developments. Since the Bronze Age about 3,000 B.C., glass
lias been used for making various kinds of objects. It was first made from a mixture of
silica, line and an alkali such as(10)soda or potash, and these remained the basic
ingredients of glass until the development of lead glass in the seventeenth century.
When heated, the mixture becomes soft and malleable and can be formed by various
techniques into a vast array of shapes and sizes. The homogeneous mass thus formed
by melting then cools to create glass, but in contrast to most materials formed in this
way (metals, for instance), glass lacks the (15)crystalline structure normally associated
with solids, and instead retains the random molecular structure of a liquid. In effect, as
molten glass cools, it progressively stiffens until rigid, but does so without setting up a
network of interlocking crystals customarily associated with that process. This is why
glass shatters so easily when dealt a blow. Why glass deteriorates over time, especially
when exposed to moisture,(20)and why glassware must be slowly reheated and
uniformly cooled after manufacture to release internal stresses induced by uneven
cooling. Another unusual feature of glass is the manner in which its viscosity changes
as it turns from a cold substance into a hot, ductile liquid. Unlike metals that flow or
"freeze" at specific temperatures glass progressively softens as the temperature
rises,(25)going through varying stages of malleability until it flows like a thick syrup.
Each stage of malleability allows the glass to be manipulated into various forms, by
Different techniques, and if suddenly cooled the object retains the shape achieved at
that point glass is thus amenable to a greater number of heat-forming techniques than
most other materials
10. Why does the author list the characteristics of glass in lines 1-5?
A. To demonstrate how glass evolved
B. To show the versatility of glass
C. To explain glassmaking technology
D. To explain the purpose of each component of glass

11. The word “durable” line 3 is closet in meaning to..

A. lasting
B. Delicate
C. heavy
D. Plain

12. What does the author imply about the raw materials used to make glass?
A. They were the same for centuries
B. They are liquid
C. They are transparent
D. They are very heavy.
 13. According to the passage, how is glass that has cooled and become rigid different
from most other rigid substances?
A. It has an interlocking crystal network.
B. It has an unusually low melting temperature.
C. It has varying physical properties.
D. It has a random molecular structure.

14. The word "customarily" in line 17is closest in meaning to

A. naturally
B. necessarily
C. usually
D. certainly

15. The words "exposed to" in line 19 are closest in meaning to

A. hardened by
B. chilled with
C. subjected to
D. deprived of
16. What must be done to release the internal stresses that buil dup in glass products
during manufacture ?
A. the glass must be reheated and evenly cooled.
B. the glass must be cooled quickly.
C. The glass must be kept moist until cooled.
D. The glass must be shaped to its desired form immediately

17. The word "induced" in line 21 is closest in meaning to

A. joined
B. missed
C. caused
D. lost

18. The word "it" in line 22 refers to

A. feature
B. glass
C. manner
D. viscosity

19. According to the passage, why can glass be more easily shaped into specific forms
than can metals
A. It resists breaking when heated
B. It has better optical properties.
C. It retains heat while its viscosity changes.
D. It gradually becomes softer as its temperature rises

An overview on Borneo Borneo, the third largest island in the world, was once covered
with dense rainforests. With swampy coastal areas fringed with mangrove forests and a
mountainous interior, much of the terrain was virtually impassable and unexplored.
Headhunters ruled the remote parts of the island until a century ago. In the 1980s and
1990s Borneo underwent a remarkable transition. Its forests were leveled at a rate
unparalleled in human history. Borneo's rainforests went to industrialized countries like
Japan and the United States in the form of garden furniture, paper pulp and chopsticks.
Initially most of the timber was taken from the Malaysian part of the island in the northern
states of Sabah and Sarawak. Later forests in the southern part of Borneo, an area
belonging to Indonesia and known as Kalimantan, became the primary source for tropical
timber. Today the forests of Borneo are but a shadow of those of legend and those that
remain are rapidly being converted to industrial oil palm and timber plantations. Oil palm
is the most productive oil seed in the world. A single hectare of oil palm may yield 5,000
kilograms of crude oil, or nearly 6,000 liters of crude, making the crop remarkably
profitable when grown in large plantations. As such, vast swathes of land are being
converted for oil palm plantations. Oil palm cultivation has expanded in Indonesia from
600,000 hectares in 1985 to more than 8.6 million hectares by 2015, according to U.N.
FAOSTAT. Borneo, especially Kalimantan, has also been heavily affect by peat fires set for
land-clearing purposes. Millions of hectares of peat, scrub, degraded forest, and
rainforest have gone up in flames over the past 30 years. Borneo's Geography Borneo is
the third largest island in the world, covering an area of 743,330 square kilometers
(287,000 square miles), or a little more than the twice the size of Germany. Politically, the
island is divided between Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei. Indonesian Borneo is known
as Kalimantan, while Malaysian Borneo is known as East Malaysia. The name Borneo
itself is a Western reference first used by the Dutch during their colonial rule of the island.
Geographically the island is divided by central highlands that run diagonally from Sabah
state (Malaysia) in northeastern Borneo to southwestern Borneo, roughly forming the
border between West and Central Kalimantan (Indonesia). The range is not volcanic —
the whole of Borneo has only a single extinct volcano — but does feature the highest
mountain in Southeast Asia: Mount Kinabalu in Sabah, which reaches 4,095 meters
(13,435 feet). Borneo's forests are some of the most biodiverse on the planet, home to
more than 230 species of mammals (44 of which are endemic), 420 resident birds (37
endemic), 100 amphibians, 394 fish (19 endemic), and 15,000 plants (6,000 endemic).
Surveys have found more than 700 species of trees in a 10 hectare plot — a number equal
to the total number of trees in Canada and the United States combined. Several distinct
ecosystems are found across Borneo. These are reviewed in WWF's "Borneo: Treasure
Island at Risk" report (2005).

1. Apa yang menyebabkan kebakaran? Land clearing

2. Siapa yang beri nama Borneo? The Dutch
3. Which part the most pf the timber was taken from? Malaysian part
4. Dense? Thick = tebal
5. Vast? Wide = luas
 Insect
Flying insect
• The way they evoved
• Their wings were always extend
• Similar to those of the earlist insect
• Link = join
• Different species have different patterns of veins
• At the edge of the wings
• They = veins
• They have veins of different thicknesses
• Able to bend
• It cannot fly immediately
• The speed at which they can fly

Oyster
Oyster
1. The oyster industry in the chesapeake bay region
2. The chesapeake bay region
3. Compare the exploiting of the new oyster beds with the extement of discovering gold
4. 1886
5. Influence
6. Baltimore constructed a modern sewage treatment plant to keep the chesapeake bay
Clean

Formalist
Formalist
• Formalist and contexttualist point of view on art
• Purely aesthetic aspects of the artwork
• Morality
• Focus on
• The artistic techniques used in the painting
• Study various influences on a work of part
• Artwork
• Period
• Grows out of its primary concern with fact and theories

Rail Road and Commercial Agriculture in the 19th Century By 1850 the United States
possessed roughly 9,000 miles of railroad track; ten years later it had over 30,000 miles,
more than the rest of the world combined. Much of the new construction during the
1850s occurred west of the Appalachian Mountains—over 2,000 miles in the states of
Ohio and Illinois alone. The effect of the new railroad lines rippled outward through the
economy. Farmers along the tracks began to specialize in crops that they could market in
distant locations. With their profits they purchased manufactured goods that earlier they
might have made at home. Before the railroad reached Tennessee, the state produced
about 25,000 bushels (or 640 tons) of wheat, which sold forless than 50 cents a bushel.
Once the railroad came, farmers in the same counties grew 400,000 bushels (over 10,000
tons) and sold their crop at a dollar a bushel. The new railroad networks shifted the
direction of western trade. In 1840 most northwestern grain was shipped south down the
Mississippi River to the bustling port of New Orleans. But low water made steamboat
travel hazardous in summer, and ice shut down traffic in winter. Products such as lard,
tallow, and cheese quickly spoiled if stored in New Orleans’ hot and humid warehouses.
Increasingly, traffic from the Midwest flowed west to east, over the new rail lines. Chicago
became the region’s hub, linking the farms of the upper Midwest to New York and other
eastern cities by more than 2,000 miles of track in 1855. Thus while the value of goods
shipped by river to New Orleans continued to increase, the South’s overall share of
western trade dropped dramatically. A sharp rise in demand for grain abroad also
encouraged farmers in the Northeast and Midwest to become more commercially
oriented. Wheat, which in 1845 commanded $1.08 a bushel in New York City, fetched
$2.46 in 1855; in similar fashion the price of corn nearly doubled. Farmers responded by
specializing in cash crops, borrowing to purchase more land, and investing in equipment
to increase productivity. As railroad lines fanned out from Chicago, farmers began to
acquire open prairie land in Illinois and then Iowa, putting the fertile, deep black soil into
production. Commercial agriculture transformed this remarkable treeless environment.
To settlers accustomed to eastern woodlands, the thousands of square miles of tall grass
were an awesome sight. Indian grass, Canada wild rye, and native big bluestem all grew
higher than a person. Because eastern plows could not penetrate the densely tangled
roots of prairie grass, the earliest settlers erected farms along the boundary separating
the forest from the prairie. In 1837, however, John Deere patented a sharp-cutting steel
plow that sliced through the sod without soil sticking to the blade. Cyrus McCormick
refined a mechanical reaper that harvested fourteen times more wheat with the same
amount of labor. By the 1850s McCormick was selling 1,000 reapers a year and could not
keep up with demand, while Deere turned out 10,000 plows annually. The new
commercial farming fundamentally altered the mid-western landscape and the
environment. Native Americans had grown corn in the region for years, but never in such
large fields as did later settlers who became farmers, whose surpluses were shipped
east. Prairie farmers also introduced new crops that were not part of the earlier ecological
system, notably wheat, along with fruits and vegetables. Native grasses were replaced by
a small number of plants cultivated as commodities. Corn had the best yields, but it was
primarily used to feed livestock. Because bread played a key role in the American and
European diet, wheat became the major cash crop. Tame grasses replaced native grasses
in pastures for making hay. Western farmers altered the landscape by reducing the
annual fires that had kept the prairie free from trees. In the absence of these fires, trees
reappeared on land not in cultivation and, if undisturbed, eventually formed woodlots.
The earlier unbroken landscape gave way to independent farms, each fenced off in a
precise checkerboard pattern. It was an artificial ecosystem of animals, woodlots, and
crops, whose large, uniform layout made western farms more efficient than the more-
irregular farms in the East.
1. According to paragraph 1, each of the following is true about railroad track in the United
States EXCEPT:
(A) In 1850 the United States had less than 10,000 miles of railroad track.
(B) By the end of the 1850s, Ohio and Illinois contained more railroad track than any other
state in the country.
(C) Much of the railroad track built in the United States during the 1850s was located west
of the Appalachian Mountains.
(D) By 1860 there were more miles of railroad track in the United States than in any other
country.
2. It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that the new railroads had which of the following
effects o nfarm communities?
(A) Most new farms were located along the tracks.
(B) Farmers began to grow wheat as a commercial crop.
(C) Many farmers decided to grow a wider variety of crops.
(D)Demand for manufactured goods increased among farmers.

3. The word “bustling” in the passage is closest in meaning to

(A) famous
(B) important
(C) growing
(D) busy

4. According to paragraph 3, in what way did the new rail networks change western trade?
(A) Northwestern farmers almost completely stopped shipping goods by steamboat.
(B) Many western goods began to be shipped east by way of Chicago rather than south to
New Orleans.
(C) Chicago largely replaced New York and other eastern cities as the final market for
goods from the West.
(D) The value of goods shipped west soon became greater than the value of goods
shipped east.

5. According to paragraph 3, what was a disadvantage of shipping goods from

northwestern areas to New Orleans?
(A) There was no reliable way to get goods from New Orleans to eastern cities.
(B) The cost of shipping goods by river to New Orleans continued to increase.
(C) Goods shipped from New Orleans’ neighboring areas had a significant competitive
advantage because of their lower transportation costs.
(D)Goods stored in New Orleans’ warehouses often spoiled because of the high
temperatures and humidity.

6. Paragraph 4 supports the idea that the price of wheat more than doubled between 1845
and 1855 in part because
(A) the price of corn nearly doubled during that same period
(B) demand for grain increased sharply outside the United States
(C) farmers in the Northeast and Midwest began to specialize in cash crops
(D) many farmers had borrowed heavily to purchase land and equipment for raising wheat
7. The word “erected” in the passage is closest in meaning to
(A) looked for
(B) lived on
(C) preferred
(D) built

8. Why does the author point out that “Indian grass, Canada wild rye, and native big
bluestem all grew higher than a person”?
(A) To provide a reason why people from the eastern woodlands of the United States were
impressed when they saw the prairies
(B) To identify an obstacle to the development of the railroad lines fanning out from
Chicago.
(C) To explain why the transformation of the prairies by commercial agriculture was so
remarkable
(D) To provide evidence supporting the claim that the prairies had fertile, deep black soil

9. According to paragraph 5, the first settlers generally did not farm open prairie land
because
(A) they could not plow it effectively with the tools that were available
(B) prairie land was usually very expensive to buy
(C) the soil along boundaries between the forest and the prairie was more fertile than the
soil of the open prairie
(D) the railroad lines had not yet reached the open prairie when the first settlers arrived

10. The word “surpluses” in the passage is closest in meaning to

(A) extra goods
(B) commercial goods
(C) unprocessed goods
(D) transportable goods

11. According to paragraph 8, prairie farmers changed the landscape by doing all of the
following
EXCEPT:
(A) Reducing annual fires
(B) Dividing the land into large, regularly-shaped lots
(C)Planting trees that eventually formed woodlots
(D) Fencing off their farms
Passage 11. Ocean Bottom The ocean bottom― a region nearly 2.5 times greater than the
total land area of the Earth― is a vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and
uncharted, Until about a century ago, the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccessible,
hidden beneath waters averaging over 3,600 meters deep. Totally without light and
subjected to intense (5) bottom pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth's
surface, the deep-ocean is a hostile environment to humans, in some ways as forbidding
and remote as the void of outer space. Although researchers have taken samples of deep-
ocean rocks and sediments for over a century, the first detailed global investigation of the
ocean bottom did not (10) actually start until 1968, with the beginning of the National
Science Foundation's Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP). Using techniques first developed
for the offshore oil and gas industry, the DSDP's drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was
able to maintain a steady position on the ocean's surface and drill in very deep waters,
extracting samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor. (15) The Glomar
Challenger completed 96 voyages in a 15-year research program than ended in
November 1983. During this time, the vessel logged 600,000 kilometers and took almost
20,000 core samples of seabed sediments and rocks at 624 drilling sites around the
world. The Glomar Challenger's core sample have allowed geologists to reconstruct what
the planet looked like hundreds of millions of years ago and to (20) calculate what it will
probably look like millions of years in the future. Today, largely on the strength of evidence
gathered during the Glomar Challenger's voyages, nearly all earth scientists agree on the
theories of plate tectonics and continental drift that explain many of the geological
processes that shape the Earth. The cores of sediment drilled by the Glomar Challenger
have also yielded. (25) information critical to understanding the world's past climates.
Deep-ocean sediments provide a climatic record stretching back hundreds of millions of
years, because they are largely isolated from the mechanical erosion and the intense
chemical and biological activity that rapidly destroy much land-based evidence of past
climates. This record has already provided insights into the patterns and causes of past
climatic change―information that may be used to predict future climates

1. What is the main topic of the passage?

a. Marine life deep in the ocean
b. The Earth's climate millions of years ago
c. The first detailed study of the bottom of the ocean
d. Geologists' predictions for the future environment of the Earth

2. The author refers to the ocean bottom as a "frontier" in line 2 because it

a. is not a popular area for scientific research
b. contains a wide variety of life forms
c. attracts courageous explorers
d. is an unknown territory

3. The word "inaccessible" in line 3 is closest in meaning to

a. unrecognizable
b. unreachable
c. unusable
d. unsafe
4. The author mentions outer space in line 7 because
a. the Earth's climate millions of years ago was similar to conditions in outer space
b. it is similar to the ocean floor in being alien to the human environment
c. rock formations in outer space are similar to those found on the ocean floor
d. techniques used by scientists to explore outer space were similar to those used in
ocean exploration

5. Which of the following is true of the Glomar Challenger?

a. It is a type of submarine.
b. It is an ongoing project.
c. It has gone on over 100 voyages.
d. It made its first DSDP voyage in 1968.

6. The word "extracting" in line 13 is closest in meaning to

a. breaking
b. locating
c. removing
d. analyzing

7. The Deep Sea Drilling Project was significant because it was

a. an attempt to find new sources of oil and gas
b. the first extensive exploration of the ocean bottom
c. composed of geologists from all over the world
d. funded entirely by the gas and oil industry

8. The word "strength" in line 21 is closest in meaning to

a. basis
b. purpose
c. discovery
d. endurance

9. The word "they" in line 26 refers to

a. years
b. climates
c. sediments
d. cores

10. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as being a result of the Deep
Sea Drilling Project?
a. Geologists were able to determine the Earth's appearance hundreds of millions of
years ago.
b. Two geological theories became more widely accepted by scientists.
c. Information was revealed about the Earth's past climatic changes.
d. Geologists observed forms of marine life never before seen.
Venus (klo gasala Venus ini masuk) The first maps of Venus were made using radar beams
transmitted from Earth. Radar was the only way to map its surface, because the clouds
on Venus are so thick that the surface cannot be seen through them. The results of these
early attempts at mapping were relatively crude and difficult to interpret, although the
regions known as Alpha and Beta Regiones were discovered. The first direct view of the
surface came from probes, which were landed on Venus in 1975 by the spacecraft Venera
9 and 10, and showed a dry rock-strewn surface. Maps of the surface improved
dramatically in 1978, when the Pioneer-Venus 1 spacecraft went into orbit around Venus,
equipped with a radar altimeter. It showed huge rolling plains stretching right around the
planet, some lowland areas, and two highland regions called Ishtar and Aphrodite. The
peaks of the highest mountains, Maxwell Montes, in the eastern part of Ishtar, were found
to be 12,000 meters above the general surface level, so they are appreciably higher than
the Himalayas. Aphrodite, which is larger than Ishtar, has a vast rift valley at its eastern
end nearly 3,000 meters deep, 2,200 kilometers long, and 280 kilometers wide. Two
shield volcanoes, broad volcanoes formed of successive outpourings of lava, which are
much larger than any found on Earth, were also found isolated from the two upland areas.
Six years later a great many impact craters and small volcanoes were found by Venera 15
and 16 orbiters. Later yet, the Magellan spacecraft entered orbit around Venus in August
1990, and over the next two years completed a detailed radar mapping of the surface. It
found that the surface is mostly volcanic, with large lava-flooded plains and thousands
of volcanoes. There are also signs of tectonic activity, which has caused, for example,
multiple faulting and deep fractures. There are a number of rift valleys, some of which
have been partly flooded by molten lava, and a number of impact craters, the density of
which has enabled the ages of various areas to be estimated. The absence of impact
craters in an area suggests an age of no more than a few tens of millions of years

1. The passage mainly discusses how

(A) radar technology improved over time
(B) the surface of Venus compares to Earth’s surface
(C) the age of Venus was determined scientifically
(D) knowledge about the surface of Venus was obtained

2. The passage mentions that radar beams were used to obtain the first maps of Venus
because
they
(A) allowed for mapping more than the two regions already familiar to scientists
(B) could penetrate the clouds that concealed the surface of Venus
(C) were the least expensive method of mapping at the time
(D) could be transmitted easily from Earth

3. The word “equipped” in line 9 is closest in meaning to

(A) selected
(B) adjusted
(C) inspected
(D) furnished
4. The author discusses Maxwell Montes together with the Himalayas in the passage in
order to
(A) indicate their similar composition
(B) establish the height of Maxwell Montes
(C) indicate that the terrain on Earth resembles the terrain on Venus
(D) compare the origins of the two mountain ranges

5. The word “appreciably” in line 13 is closest in meaning to

(A) surprisingly
(B) probably
(C) noticeably
(D) consistently

6. The word “vast” in line 14 is closest in meaning to

(A) extensive
(B) remote
(C) obvious
(D) raised

7. The word “isolated” in line 17 is closest in meaning to

(A) surrounded
(B) separated
(C) accumulated
(D) elevated

8. Pioneer-Venus 1 discovered that Venus had all of the following features EXCEPT
(A) impact craters
(B) lowlands
(C) mountains
(D) shield volcanoes

9. The Magellan spacecraft discovered that most of the surface of Venus is covered with
(A) faults and fractures
(B) rift valleys
(C) lava and volcanoes
(D) impact craters

10. It can be inferred from the passage that scientists use the density of impact craters
on Venus
to determine which of the following?
(A) The cause of the faults and fractures
(B) The age of different areas of the planet’s surface
(C) The areas that are most geologically active
(D) The amount of flooding of rift valley areas
STRUCTURE
1 The motorcyclist ____ he crossed the main
street.
a. looked with caution after
b. had looked cautiously before
c. was looked cautious when
d. looks cautious when

2. Here ___ notebook and report that I

promised you last week.
a. is the
b. are the
c. was the
d. has been a

3. Neither Jane nor her brothers ___ a consent

form for tomorrows field trip.
a. need
b. needs
c. is needing
d. has need

4. Cuba is ____ sugar-growing areas in the

world.
a. one of the larger
b. bone of largest
c. one of the largest
d. largest

5. The skiers would rather ___ through the

mountains than go by bus.
a. to travel on train
b. traveled by train
c. travel by train
d. traveling by the train

6. That magnificent ______ temple was

constructed by the Chinese.
a. seven-centuries-old
b. seven-centurys-old
c. old-seven-centuries
d. seven-century-old
7. There were two small rooms in the beach
house, ___ served as a kitchen.
a. the smaller of which
b. the smallest of which
c. the smaller of them
d. smallest of that

8 Pioneer men and women endured terrible

hardships, and _____
a. so do their children
b. neither did the children
c. also the childs
d. so did their children

9. Last year Matt earned ____ his brother, who

has a better position.
a. twice as much as
b. twice more than
c. twice as many as
d. twice as more as

10. ______, he would have been able to pass the

exam.
a. If studied more
b. IF he were studying to a greater
degree
c. Studying more
d. Had he studied more

11. Mr.Duncan does not know ______ the lawn

vower after they had finished using it.
a. where did they put
b. where they did put
c. where they put
d. where to put

12. The facilities of the older hospital___

a. is as good or better than the new
hospital
b. are as good or better that the bew
hospital
c. are as good as or better than the new
hospital
d. are as good as or better than those
of the new hospital
13. Our flight from Jakarta to Bali was delyed
__ the heavy fog.
a. because of
b. because
c. on account
d. as result

14. The teacher suggested that her students ___

experiences with ESP.
a. write a composition on their
b. to write composition about the
c. wrote some compositions of his or
her
d. had written any compositions for his

15. Of the two new teachers, one is experienced

and ____
a. the others are not
b. another is unexperienced
c. the other is not
d. other lacks experience
16. George did not do well in the class because
___
a. he studied bad
b. he was not good studywise
c. he was a badly student
d. he failed to study properly

17. This university's programs ______ those of

Harvard.
a. come second after
b. are second only to
c. are first except for
d. are in second place from

18. The more she worked _____

a. the less she achieved
b. she achieved not enough
c. she did not achieve enough
d. she was achieving less
19. _____ the best car to buy is a Honda.
a. Because of its durability and
economy.
b. Because it lasts a long time, a it is
very economical.
c. Because of its durability and it is
economical.
d. Because durably and economy wise
it is better than all the others.

20. When Henry arrived home after a hard day

at work, ______
a. his wife was sleeping
b. his wife slept
c. his wife has slept
d. his wife has been sleeping