Mini-Project-I Report

On

“Analysis On Electricity Generation From

Rainwater Harvesting”
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
of Bachelor of Engineering in MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
By
1. Yash Vartak
2. Pritesh Manore
3. Vedant Khade
4. Om Mashilkar

Under the guidance of

Ms. Sayali Kulkarni

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

PILLAI HOC COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY
RASAYANI– 410207
2023-2024
University of Mumbai
 Mahatma Education Society’s
Pillai HOC College of Engineering and
Technology, Rasayani – 410207
Academic Year- 2023-24

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Mini-Project Certificate
This is to certify that the Mini-project-I Report entitled Water cleaning Boat is successfully
submitted by following students:

GROUP NO: 2
Yash Vartak 42
Pritesh Manore 14
Vedant Khade 10
Om Mashilkar 15
As per the syllabus and in partial fulfilment for the completion Bachelor’s degree in
Mechanical Engineering from University of Mumbai, it is also to certify that this is the
original work of the students done during the academic year 2023-2024.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our gratitude to our guide Ms. Sayali Kulkarni for his expert guidance,
encouragement and suggestion throughout the preparation of this work. He has been a pillar
of support and inspired us throughout this study, without him this would not have been
possible. We also express our heartiest thank to Dr. G. V. Patil, Head of Mechanical
Engineering Department for ensuring support throughout our project studies.

We are grateful and offer our sincere thanks to Mini-project coordinator Mr. Rahul
Warghane and to the teaching faculty members of Mechanical Engineering Department for
their valuable suggestions and instruction regarding project work.

Group Members
Yash Vartak
Pritesh Manore
Vedant Khade
Om Mashikar
 ABSTRACT

Water crisis is serious problem in our country. The rapid urbanization and population
explosion have triggered massive demand for quality drinking water than ever before. Water
for both irrigation and human consumption, is getting more and more scarce for vast masses
of our people and in many regions of the country. Many of the water sources like rivers,
ground water streams and lakes are drying up. Rainfall patterns are changing drastically, with
the massive deforestation leading both to reduced rainfalls as well as to reduced recharging of
underground water. So as an option to fulfil the demand due to unbalanced rainfall having
water backup needs, rainwater harvesting system necessary for saving the water and would
help in reducing water wastage. The aim of present study is to use rainwater and design the
effective plan by which we can collect rain water into a storage for our campus. The
rainwater harvesting system will be an alternative source of water at the campus and can be
used for Laboratories in Civil and Mechanical Department, Washrooms, as well as for
Horticulture and other Purposes. Present paper majorly focuses on Rooftop Rainwater
Harvesting (RRWH) of the study area of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar College of Engineering &
Research (DBACER) Campus, Wanadongri, Nagpur. The expected outcome of this study is
the development of Rainwater Harvesting System for the catchment area of campus from
Admin Building, CSE Department, Killa Building, Workshop Building and Mechanical
Department.
 INDEX

Chapters

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: Literature Review

Chapter 3: Working

Chapter 4: Construction

Chapter 5: Components In Use

Chapter 6: Objectives

Chapter 7: Conclusion

Chapter 8: References
 Chapter 1

Introduction
_

The process of rainwater harvesting involves the collection and the storage of rainwater with
the help of artificially designed systems that run off naturally or man-made catchment areas
like- the rooftop, compounds, rock surface, hill slopes, artificially repaired impervious or
semi-pervious land surface. The rainwater harvesting system is one of the best methods
practised and followed to support the conservation of water. Today, scarcity of good quality
water has become a significant cause of concern. However, rainwater, which is pure and of
good quality, can be used for irrigation, washing, cleaning, bathing, cooking and also for
other livestock requirements.

As the world population increases, the demand increases for quality drinking water. Surface
and groundwater resources are being utilized faster than they can be recharged.
Rainwater harvesting is an old practice that is being adopted by many nations as a viable
decentralized water source. Individual rainwater harvesting systems are one of the many tools
to meeting the growing water demand. Rainwater harvesting is an environmentally sound
solution to address issues brought forth by large projects utilizing centralized water
management approaches. Population growth all over the world is causing similar problems
and concerns of how to supply quality water to all.

Fig. 1.1: Rainwater harvesting model.

Cutting along a horizontal axis with an angle grinder can be a precise and efficient
method for various projects. Whether you’re working with metal, wood, or other
materials, understanding the fundamentals of this technique is essential for achieving
clean and accurate cuts. In this guide, we’ll walk through the key steps and safety
measures to ensure a successful horizontal axis press cut using an angle grinder. As
the world population increases, the demand increases for quality drinking water.
Surface and groundwater resources are being utilized faster than they can be
recharged. Rainwater harvesting is an old practice that is being adopted by many
nations as a viable decentralized water source. Individual rainwater harvesting
systems are one of the many tools to meeting the growing water demand. Rainwater
harvesting is an environmentally sound solution to address issues brought forth by
large projects utilizing centralized water management approaches. Population growth
all over the world is causing similar problems and concerns of how to supply quality
water to all. As land pressure rises, cities are growing vertical and in countryside
more forest areas are encroached and being used for agriculture. In India the small
farmers depend on Monsoon where rainfall is from June to October and much of the
precious water is soon lost as surface runoff. While irrigation may be the most
obvious response to drought, it has proved costly and can only benefit a fortunate
few. There is now increasing interest in the low-cost alternative-generally referred to
as 'Rain Water Harvesting' (RWH). Water harvesting is the activity of direct
collection of rainwater, which can be stored for direct use or can be recharged into
the groundwater. Water harvesting is the collection of run off for productive
purposes. According to Kim et al. (2005), rainwater harvesting may be one of the
best methods available to recovering the natural hydrologic cycle and enabling urban
development to become sustainable. The harvesting of rainwater has the potential to
assist in alleviating pressures on current water supplies and storm water drainage
systems. Rainwater collection has the potential to impact many people in the world
As water harvesting is an ancient tradition and has been used for millennia in most
dry lands of the world, many different techniques have been developed. However,
the same techniques sometimes have different names in different regions and others
have similar names but, in practice, are completely different (Oweis 2004).
Consequently, there are a dozen of different definitions and classifications of water
harvesting techniques and the terminology used at the regional and international
levels has not yet be standardized.
 Chapter 2

Literature Review

[1] The specialized parts of this paper are water gathering gathered from housetop
which is thought to be catchment territories from all lodgings and Institutes
departmental working at Lingaya's Institute of Management and Technology,
Faridabad Campus. As a matter of first importance, required information are gathered
i.e. catchment zones and hydrological precipitation information. Water gathering
potential for the inns and workforce flats was ascertained, and the tank limit with
appropriate plan is being considered.

[2] The aim of this study is to use rainwater and thus taking close to the concept of
nature conservation.In this study, the rain water harvesting system is analysed as a
alternative source of water at campus of government college of engineering,
Aurangabad in the state of Maharashtra, India. The expected outcome of the study is
the development of rainwater harvesting system for catchment area of campus from
parking area, workshop area, some of the electronics department area up to hostel.
The result analysis shows that the present rain water harvesting system is having the
storage 53,96,816 litres/year and construction cost of rs.5 lakhs respectively and is
reasonably well in comparison with conventional water sources.

[3] The main objective of this study is measures three type of surface rainwater harvesting
potential in rural area; one is runoff rainwater harvesting potential in hilly area, second is
recharge and storage of rainwater harvesting potential in plateau area and third is artificial
ground water recharge through rainwater harvesting potential.
We also suggest suitable sites of the rainwater harvesting structures with the help of
physiography of the area and also estimated rainwater harvesting potential in the region.

3
[4] A comprehensive literature review on rainwater harvesting involves a multi-faceted
exploration of its various dimensions. Firstly, delving into the methodologies and techniques
is crucial, encompassing rooftop collection, surface runoff harvesting, and underground
storage approaches. Secondly, understanding the diverse benefits spanning environmental,
economic, and societal realms is vital, including water conservation, reduced reliance on
mains water supply, and potential cost savings. Real-world case studies and implementation
strategies showcase the practical applications of rainwater harvesting across different regions
and contexts, offering valuable insights. Addressing challenges, such as initial setup costs,
maintenance needs, and potential water quality issues, is crucial in assessing the limitations
of this practice. Furthermore, investigating existing policies, regulations, and incentives
related to rainwater harvesting at local, national, or international levels contributes to a
comprehensive understanding of its regulatory landscape. Academic databases and journals
in environmental science, civil engineering, and sustainable development serve as valuable
resources to compile this holistic literature review on rainwater harvesting .
 Chapter 3
Working of Rainwater Harvesting
_
Water harvesting (WH) must be seen as an integral part of sustainable land (and water)
management. The basic principle of water harvesting is to capture precipitation falling in one
area and transfer it to another, thereby increasing the amount of water available in the latter.
The basic components of a water harvesting system are a catchment or collection area, the
runoff conveyance system, a storage component and an application area. In some cases, the
components are adjacent to each other, in other cases they are connected by a conveyance
system. The storage and application areas may also be the same, typically where water is
concentrated in the soil for direct use by plants. Catchment or collection area: this is where
rain in the form of runoff is harvested. The catchment may be as small as a few square meters
or as large as several square kilometers. It may be a rooftop, a paved road, compacted
surfaces, rocky areas or open rangelands, cultivated or uncultivated land and natural slopes.
Conveyance system: this is where runoff is conveyed through gutters, pipes (in case of
rooftop WH) or overland, rill, gully or channel flow and either diverted onto cultivated fields
(where water is stored in the soil) or into specifically designed storage facilities.

Fig no. 3.1 Front view

Storage component: this is where harvested runoff water is stored until it is used by people,
animals or plants. Water may be stored in the soil profile as soil moisture, or above ground
(jars, ponds or reservoirs), or underground (cisterns) or as groundwater (near-surface
aquifers).There, where concentrated runoff is directly diverted to fields, the application area
is identical to the storage area, as plants can directly use the accumulated soil water. A great
variety of designed storage systems keep the water until it is used either adjacent to the
storage facilities or further away. Application area or target: this is where the harvested water
is put into use either for domestic consumption (drinking and other household uses), for
livestock consumption, or agricultural use (including supplementary irrigation).

Fig no. 3.2 Working

 Chapter 4
Construction of rainwater harvesting
_

Incorporating rainwater harvesting systems into construction projects involves strategic

planning and integration. Architects and engineers work together to design structures that
accommodate these systems seamlessly, often utilizing features like sloped rooftops, gutters,
and downspouts to efficiently collect rainwater. During construction, the installation of
storage tanks, filtration systems, and distribution networks is carefully coordinated alongside
the building's development. This process requires close collaboration between construction
teams and specialists in water management to ensure the effective integration of rainwater
harvesting systems while maintaining the structural integrity and functionality of the
building. Additionally, considering factors like local regulations, climate conditions, and the
specific needs of the structure is essential in optimizing the effectiveness of these systems
within the construction framework.

Fig. 4.1 Construction of rain water harvesting

 Chapter 5
Components in use
_ __

Fig no.5.1 Plastic pipe for water supply

Fig no.5.2 Gutters for water collection on roof

Fig no.5.3 Water storage tank

Fig no.5.4 Led strip DC (4U) voltage

Fig no.5.5 D-C Power motor 24 volt

Fig no.5.6 Battery cell 5 Volt

 Chapter
6
Objectives
_

1. To study the layout of rainwater harvesting.

2. To study the planning of the model structure.
3. To examine various components used.
4. To study actual assembly.
5. To analyse the cost estimation of the model.
 Chapter 7
Conclusion
_

In conclusion, rainwater harvesting is a valuable and sustainable practice with numerous

benefits for individuals, communities, and the environment. It offers a practical solution to
pressing global challenges related to water scarcity, climate change, and environmental
sustainability. The practice has a bright future and significant scope for expansion and
innovation. The implementation of RWH system can last for many years providing water for
Laboratories, Washrooms, Toilets as well as for Horticulture & Gardening purposes in the
college campus. In this paper we conclude that RWH in the DBACER Campus is a good
potential for rain water conservation and by implementing RWH project in the DBACER
Campus runoff water conservation can be made and that can be meet the present water
scarcity situation of this location. We propose Roof top Rainwater harvesting technique at
DBACER Campus would result in the form of best approach to meet water deficit of this
locality.
 Chapter 8
Reference
s
_

[1].S.D. Bhatnagar, "Project Report on Design of Rainwater Harvesting System" Lingaya's

University, Faridabad (DEC 2017).

[2]. Abhijeet Keskar, Rushikesh Ambhore, Satish Taji, Sonali Potdar, "Rain Water
Harvesting-A Campus Study", Govt College of Aurangabad (2 AUG
2016).

[3]. C. J. Khilare, S. N. Pawar, D. D. Namdas, V. P.

Gaikwad, "Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting" Dahivadi College Campus, Satara SWRDM
(2012).

[4]. Diptikanta Acharya, Shilpika Panda, Niharika Patel, Shubhasmita Prusty, Manoja Das,
"A Study on Rain Water Harvesting" at Gandhi Institute of Engineering and Technology
Main Campus, Gunupur, Odisha, IJOER, Vol-2 Issue-9 (2016).