LESSON 1: Basic Concepts of Arts
ART
- o riginal classical definition was derived from the Latin word"ars"(meaning"skill"or
"craft“)
- is a useful starting point. This broad approach leads to art being defined as:"the product
of a body of knowledge, most often using a set of skills."
- Art is something we DO, a verb. Art is an expression of our thoughts, emotions,
intuitions, and desires, but it is even more personal than that: it’s about sharing the way
we experience the world, which for many is an extension of personality. It is the
communication of intimate concepts that cannot be faithfully portrayed by words alone.
And because words alone are not enough, we must find some other vehicle to carry our
intent. -William Joseph Nieters
- Art is a highly diverse range of human activities engaged in creating visual, auditory, or
performed artifacts— artworks—that express the author’s imaginative or technical skill,
and are intended to be appreciated for their beauty or emotional power.
- Art is a creative activity that expresses imaginative or technical skills. It produces a
product, an object. The product of art is called a work of art. It includes drawing, painting,
sculpting, photography, dance, music, poetry, prose, theater, etc.
YPES OF ART
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Visual Art- arts that meet the eye and evoke an emotionthrough an expression of skill
and imagination. They include the most ancient/oldest documented forms, such as
painting, drawing, sculpture, printmaking, photography, and installation art and other
visual arts.
Literary Art- something in the form of writing orstories that have artistic and cultural value that
displays the beauty of speech and language to convey certain meanings.
Performance Art- time-based art form that typicallyfeatures a live presentation to an audience
and draws on such arts as acting, poetry, music, dance, and painting.
ESSON 2: Nature and Functions of Arts
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Nature of art- Art is a creative activity that expressesimaginative or technical skill. It produces
a product, an object. The product of art is called a work of art.It includes drawing, painting,
sculpting, photography, performance art, dance, music, poetry, prose and theater.
LASSIFICATION OF ARTS ACCORDING TO FUNCTIONS
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Motivated (Functional)
- FURNITURE-MAKING
- ARCHITECTURE
- WEAVING
Non-motivated (Non-functional)
- PAINTING
- MUSIC
- SCULPTURE
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HE COMMON FUNCTIONS OF ART
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1.Personal Function
- Arts are vehicles for the artists’ expression of their feelings and ideas.
2.Social Function
- It influences social behavior,
- It seeks or tends to influence the collective behavior of a people.
- When it addresses aspects of (collective) life as opposed to one person's point of view
or experience.
3.Spiritual Function
- The designs of religious structures tell so many things about the culture of the faithful.
4.Educational Function
- Art comes to be regarded as 'time off for good behavior' or as 'therapy'" and how the
ease and carefreeness of the arts are supposed to bring joy and a sense of calmness."
5.Political Function
- The statues of national heroes that grace our parks and plazas are commemorative
works as are the commissioned paintings of leaders or rulers. Often they serve to record
important historical events, or reveal the ideals of heroism and leadership that the
community would want the young to emulate.
6.Physical Function
- Works of art that are created to perform some service such as tools and containers are
objects which make our lives physically comfortable. Works of art that are created to
perform some service have physical functions like vases, benches, chairs, etc.
LESSON 3
STONE AGE (30,000 BC - 2,500 BC)
- VENUS OF WILLENDORF
- CAVE PAINTING; (MINERAL PIGMENT) ANIMALS/HUMANS/SYMBOLS
MESOPOTANIAN (3500 BC - 439 BC)
- STONE SCULPTURE AND NARRATIVE RELIEFS STEELE OF CODE OF
HAMMURABI STANDARD OF UR
EGYPTIAN (3100 BC - 30 BC)
- AWE-INSPIRING ARCHITECTURE OF THE ANCIENT EGYPTIAN INCLUDING THE
GREAT PYRAMIDS
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GREEK AND HELLENISTIC (850 BC - 31 BC)
- IDEALISM AND PERFECTION WISDOM AND WELFARE
ROMAN (500 BC - 476 AD)
- THERE’S A VAST HISTORY OF ROMAN ARCHITECTURE, WHICH YOU CAN LEARN
ABOUT IN THIS HISTORY OF ROMAN ART: INCLUDING THE CONSTRUCTION OF
PANTHEON
BYZANTINE AND ISLAMIC (476 AD - 1453 AD)
- HAGIA SOPHIA AND ALHAMBRA
MIDDLE AGES (500-1400)
- This was the era of Celtic and Gothic art, which saw the rise of intricate gothic cathedrals
and structures like Notre Dame
EARLY AND HIGH RENAISSANCE (1400-1550)
- MICHAEL ANGELO di LODOVICO BOUNARROTI SIMONI
- WAS CONSIDERED THE BEST ARTIST IN HIS LIFETIME, AND EVER SINCE THEN
HE HAS BEEN HELD AS GREATEST ARTIST OF ALL TIME.
- LEONARDO di ser PIERO da VINCI
- KNOWN FOR HIS DRAMATIC AND EXPRESSIVE WORK. HIS KEEN EYE AND
QUICK MIND LED HIM TO MAKE IMPORTANT SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES YET HE
NEVER PUBLISHED HIS IDEAS.
- DONATO di NICCOLO di BETTO BARDI
- WAS A FLORENTINE SCULPTOR OF THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD. HE STUDIED
CLASSICAL SCULPTURE AND USED THIS DEVELOP A COMPLETE RENAISSANCE
STYLE IN SCULPTURE
VENETIAN AND NORTHERN RENAISSANCE
- During this era, the Renaissance movement spread from Italy to France, Germany,
Poland and other northern European countries. Bellini, Jan van Eyck, Bosch, and other
artists reigned during this time.
BAROQUE
- Baroque artists like Rembrandt and Caravaggio were well known during this time for the
tense, moody, and extremely dramatic style of their work, reflected in lighting techniques
and subject matter.
NEO-CLASSICAL
- It was likely the overlapping Age of Enlightenment, which saw another turn towards the
scientific over the religious. That set the tone for this era, as well as the concurrent
Industrial Revolution
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ROMANTICISM
- “THEODORE GERICAULT” EMPHASIS ON THE SELF: as well as a rejection of the kind
of order that the Enlightenment had imposed in favor of a more chaotic approach to life.
REALISM
- Realism was the first movement to finally reject all the drama, intensely exaggerated
emotion, and grandeur of other art styles for a more grounded approach to human
nature.
IMPRESSIONISM
- Impressionism might have been one of the first purely aesthetic art periods, a style
focused on capturing a visual phenomenon rather than an intensely political or religious
one.
- MATERIALS: ACRYLIC AND WATERCOLOR
POST - IMPRESSIONISM
- An art style that maintained its philosophy – a rejection of traditional art rules and its
focus on perfection – but also rejected its supposed limitations.
FAUVISM AND EXPRESSIONISM
- It flourished during and after the first World War with its harsh colors, bold shapes, and
often its disturbing emotional Content. Consider a course on oil or acrylic painting to
learn the techniques used by the expressionists
CUBISM, FUTURISM, SUPERMATIVISM, CONSTRUCTIVISM, DE STIJL
- This era saw shapes, abstract objects, and highly deconstructed renders of landscapes
and other things used as a means of expression, rather than traditional techniques seen
before.
DADA AND SURREALISM
- Dada and surrealism rejected so much of traditional art that it dived into absurdism.
Elements of dreams and the subconscious were explored with this style, as well as
wartime horrors (it overlapped World War II and the atomic bombings of Japan)
POP ART
- They were interested in advertising, consumer products, television, magazines, and
comics.
NEO EXPRESSIONISM
- By the end of the 1970s a movement emerged that threw out the cool ideas of
Minimalism and embraced the impassioned emotions of Expressionism (a German art
movement of the early 1900s
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LESSON 4
PPRECIATION
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- The knowledge and understanding of the universal and timeless qualities that identify all great
art.
- The exploration and analysis of the art forms that we are exposed to.
- Art appreciation involves a deeper look into the setting and historical implication and
background of the piece, a study of its origins. ART
HY ART APPRECIATION IS IMPORTANT?
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- It is a good way to understand the history behind the work, and the period from which the
piece originated. Artists often reflect the problems that they face, and the issues of the society in
their work
- By reflecting on a piece of art, we delve into our own experiences and nostalgia, thus a piece
of art means something different to every person that comes across it.
XPRESSION
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- It is the ability to convey meaning.
- Artists are painting ideas that many choose to ignore, using their art as their voice to react to
the injustices they see in this world.
- Within its nature, art has no rules. There are no guidelines to express yourself. Art is meant to
be the way the artist wants it to be.
- Art is controversial yet peaceful, simple yet bold.
IMAGINATION
- It is the ability to produce and simulate novel objects, peoples and ideas in the mind.
- It is the ability of the mind to build mental scenes, objects or events that do not exist, are not
present, or have happened in the past.
- It is also described as the forming of experiences in one's mind, which can be re-creations of
past experiences such as vivid memories with imagined changes, or they can be completely
invented and possibly fantastic scenes.
CREATIVITY
- It is a phenomenon whereby something new and somehow valuable is formed. The created
item may be intangible (such as an idea, a scientific theory, a musical composition, or a joke) or
a physical object (such as an invention, a printed literary work, or a painting).
- Creativity can be matched with imagination: for finding solutions and choosing between
options.
- Innovation in its modern meaning is "a new idea, creative thoughts, and new imaginations in
form of device or method".
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Lesson 5: Visual Elements of Arts and Designs
HE VISUAL ELEMENTS OF ART
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1. Line
2. Shape
3. Tone
4. Color
5. Pattern
6. Texture
7. Form
LINE
- Is the foundation of all drawing. It is the first and most versatile of the visual elements of
art. It can be used to suggest shape, pattern, form, structure, growth, depth, distance,
rhythm, movement and a range of emotions.
sychological response to different types of lines
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1.Curved lines- suggest comfort and ease.
2.Horizontal lines- suggest distance and calm.
3.Vertical lines- suggest height and strength.
4.Jagged lines- suggest turmoil and anxiety
he way we draw a line can convey different expressive qualities:
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1. Freehand lines
- can express the personal energy and mood of the artist. FREEHAND- the ability to draw
something without depending on instruments or something else to draw
2.Mechanical lines
- Can express a rigid control. Mechanical Drawing-combinations of straight lines and
curved lines that show the edges and surfaces of an object.
3.Continuous lines
- can lead the eye in certain directions. It is one in which a single, unbroken line is used
to develop the image.
4.Broken lines
- can express the ephemeral or the insubstantial.
5.Thick lines
- can express strength.
6.Thin lines
- can express delicacy.
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SHAPE
- can be natural or man-made, regular or irregular, flat (2-dimensional) or solid (3-
dimensional), representational or abstract, geometric or organic, transparent or opaque,
positive or negative, decorative or symbolic, colored, patterned or textured.
erspective drawing- angles and curves of shapesappear to change depending on our
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viewpoint.
he Behavior of Shapes are as follows:
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(1) Shapes can be used to control your feelings in the composition of an artwork.
(2) Squares and Rectangles can portray strength and stability.
(3) Circles and Ellipses can represent continuous movement.
(4) Triangles can lead the eye in an upward movement.
(5) Inverted Triangles can create a sense of imbalance and tension.
COLOR
- visual element that has the strongest effect on our emotions.
TONE
- lightness or darkness of a color.
he tonal values of an artwork can be adjusted to alter its expressive character. It can be
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used to create
(1)a contrast of light and dark,
(2) the illusion of form,
(3) a dramatic or tranquil atmosphere,
(4) a sense of depth and distance and
(5) a rhythm or pattern within a composition.
PATTERN
- repeating or echoing the elements of an artwork to communicate a sense of balance,
harmony, contrast, rhythm or movement.
wo basic types of pattern
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Natural Pattern- Pattern in art is often based onthe inspiration we get from observing the
natural patterns that occur in nature. Example, the shape of a leaf and the branches of a tree,
structure of a crystal, the spiral of a shell, the symmetry of a snowflake and the camouflage and
signaling patterns on animals, fish and insects.
an-Made Pattern- Pattern in art is used for bothstructural and decorative purposes. For
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example, an artist may plan the basic structure of an artwork by creating a compositional pattern
of lines and shapes. Within that composition he/she may develop its visual elements to create a
more decorative pattern of color, tone and texture across the work.
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TEXTURE
- surface quality of an artwork - the roughness or smoothness of the material from which it
is made.
e experience texture in two ways:
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Optical Texture- An artist may use his/her skillfulpainting technique to create the illusion of
texture.
hysical Texture (Actual/Tactile texture)- can befelt by touching the surface of the object or
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material.
phemeral Texture- This is a third category of textureswhose fleeting forms are subject to
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change like clouds, smoke, flames, bubbles and liquids
FORM
- physical volume of a shape and the space that it occupies. It can be representational or
abstract.
- Three-Dimensional Form
- Two-Dimensional Form
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