Polytechnic University of the Philippines

Maragondon Campus
Maragondon, Cavite

Design of Air-Conditioning and Ventilation System of the Gymnasium Located at the Polytechnic
University of the Philippines - Maragondon Campus

A Project Design
Presented to the Faculty of Engineering Department
Polytechnic University of the Philippines - Maragondon Campus
Maragondon, Cavite

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for

MEEN 40033: Design of Building Piping System and Air-Conditioning Ductworks

Presented by:
Bencito, Aivan Angelo M.
Caalem, John Rencent D.
Catipon, Jerwin I.
Dela Cruz, Errica Erah F.
Marquez, David Joshua L.
Rojales, Joeriel J.
Sangal, Angela Mae L.
Sauquillo, Mary-Anne P.
Sipat, Trixia Jade N.
Tima, Jerome G.

Presented to:
Engr. Jhay-Ahr Flores, MSME
Adviser

BSME 3-1
April 2024
 DEDICATION

This research is sincerely committed to Almighty God, our parents, professors, and

ourselves for future reference.

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering (BSME) - 3

A.Y. 2023 - 2024

Signed by the Researchers:

BENCITO, AIVAN ANGELO M. ROJALES, JOERIEL J.

CAALEM, JOHN RENCENT D. SANGAL, ANGELA MAE L.

CATIPON, JERWIN I. SAUQUILLO, MARY- ANNE P.

DELA CRUZ, ERRICA ERAH F. SIPAT, TRIXIA JADE N.

MARQUEZ, DAVID JOSHUA L. TIMA, JEROME G.

1
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

To everyone who helped finish this project or endeavor, we would like to offer you our
profound gratitude and admiration. Throughout the entire process, their aid, advice, and support
have been priceless. The researchers would like to begin this acknowledgment by thanking
God, the Divine Creator, for all the blessings, guidance, and strength He has provided us
throughout this project or endeavor. We'd like to express our gratitude for the divine blessings
that came in the form of helpful people who were critical to our success. We value their
participation because their involvement, knowledge, and contributions are manifestations of
God's grace. The entire research team Bencito, A. A., Caalem, J. R., Catipon, J., Dela Cruz, E.
E., Marquez, D. J., Rojales, J., Sangal, A. M., Sauquillo, M. A., Sipat, T. J., and Tima, J., were
grateful to each other for their invaluable collaboration, stimulating discussions, and wealth of
knowledge.

The group's dynamic exchange of ideas and perspectives greatly aided in the refinement
and enhancement of the research findings. We would like to express our heartfelt appreciation
to our professor, Engr. Jhay-Ahr Flores, for his constant guidance, knowledge, and assistance.
His insightful opinions and constructive criticism were invaluable in this research and in assisting
us in overcoming obstacles. The institutional support provided by Polytechnic University of the
Philippines – Maragondon Campus deserves special mention. The access to state-of-the-art
facilities, libraries, and a conducive research environment significantly contributed to the
successful completion of this work.

We also want to thank our friends and families for their unwavering support, inspiration,
and compassion throughout this journey. They have been a constant source of inspiration and
motivation because they believe in our abilities. Finally, we would like to thank everyone who
contributed to this effort by mentioning any organizations, people, or other websites that
provided information, inspiration, or useful resources. Their efforts laid the groundwork for the
construction of this project.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
II. OBJECTIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
A. Outside Design Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
B. Inside Design Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
III. HEAT LOAD CALCULATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
A. External Heat Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
i. Roof Heat Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
ii. Walls Heat Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
iii. Windows/Glass Conduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
iv. Solar Conduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
B. Internal Heat Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
i. People . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
ii. Equipment Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
iii. Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
C. Gymnasium Cooling Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
i. Gymnasium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
D. COOLING LOAD PER ROOM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
IV. AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM DESIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
A. Conference Room/Staff Room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
B. Stock Room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
C. Speech Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
D. Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
E. Computer Laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 46
V. PLANT LAYOUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
A. Air Control Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
B. Ductings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
SUPPLY AIR DUCTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
C. Fan Coil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
D. Insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
VI. CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
VII. CATALOG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
A. AIR HANDLING UNITS (AHU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
B. Model Selection of Chiller for Gymnasium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
C. Model Selection of Fan coil for Adjacent Building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66
D Model Selection for Coil Insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
E. Model Selection of Condenser for the Extension Building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 - 83
REFERENCES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
I. Overview of the Project Design
Air conditioning is essential in a gymnasium's environment. A study by the company of
HITACHI: Air Conditioning solutions shows that heat with low humidity levels lead to faster
body-water vaporization, increasing the risk of dehydration, overheating, and stroke; high
temperature also negatively impacts muscle endurance. Therefore, air-conditioning gym
occupants, particularly those who perform sport, is necessary and considered therapeutic to
have high standards of Indoor Air Quality (IAQ).
The newly renovated gymnasium with its 2-floor adjacent building at the Polytechnic
University of the Philippines - Maragondon Campus located at Balitao Street, Barangay Garita
A, Poblacion IA, Maragondon, Cavite, 14.2530° North by 120.7350° East, is designed to have a
centralized air-conditioning system for proper heating and ventilation of the 2500 - people
capacity. The heating load capacity is calculated using peak temperature hours in Maragondon,
Cavite at 1200, 1300, and 1400 as reported in a study of The Global Historical Weather and
Climate Data.

II. Objectives
This study seeks to design a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system of the
Polytechnic University of the Philippines - Maragondon Campus’ Gymnasium to provide comfort,
cooling, and acceptable indoor quality. Specially, it seeks to determine the following:
1. Design Conditions
● Dry-bulb temperature
● Wet-bulb temperature
● Relative humidity
● Dew point temperature
● Humidity ratio
● Enthalpy
● Specific volume
2. Heating Calculation
a. Internal Heating Loads
● Lights
● People
● Appliances
● Infiltration
● Miscellaneous
b. External Heating Loads
● Roof
● Walls
● Window
● Solar Conditions
3. Grand Heat Total Load
4. Zone Calculations

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CHAPTER 2
DESIGN CONDITIONS AND CALCULATIONS

The methods and systems chosen as the concept of this study are subject to precise
consideration, with the goal of ensuring that gymnasium air-conditioning not only complies with
local health and safety regulations, but also meets high indoor air quality standards (IAQ).
Designing and calculations must result in higher plant efficiency over a longer period of time.

A. Outside Design Conditions

The outside dry bulb temperature is critical for calculating cooling load. The designer
searches for variables that influence cooling capacity for this purpose.

Chart 1. Climate Maragondon: Weather by Month in 2023

This table depicts the weather by month in Maragondon, Cavite for the year 2023.
According to The World Weather Online, the average temperature peaks during the month of
May with a numerical value of 84.2°F. Average relative humidity of the high temperature peak
month is 72%.

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 Figure 1. PUP Gymnasium Outdoor Design Condition
This chart shows the psychrometric chart, plotted to cross the outdoor dry bulb
temperature of 84.2°F and outdoor relative humidity of 72%; wet bulb temperature, dew point
temperature, humidity ratio, enthalpy, and specific volume of the outdoor design conditions were
also determined.

Outdoor Design Condition

Dew Specific
Dry Bulb Wet RH Humidity Enthalpy
Point Volume
˚F Bulb ˚F % Ratio BTU/lb
˚F ft3/lb

Measurements 84.2 76.6 72 74 0.0123 40.3 14.08

Table 1. PUP Gymnasium Outdoor Design Condition
This table shows the PUP gymnasium outdoor design conditions. Dry bulb temperature
equals 84.2°F, wet bulb temperature equals 76.6°F, relative humidity of 72%, dew point
temperature of 74°F, humidity ratio equals 0.0123, enthalpy of 40.3 BTU/lb, and specific volume
of 14.08 ft3/lb.

B. Inside Design Conditions

In the Philippines, the dry bulb temperature and relative humidity that must be kept on a
conditioned room for human is 70‫ﹾ‬F and 60% respectively according to ASHRAE Standard 55
Thermal Environment Conditions for Human Occupancy.

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 Figure 2. PUP Gymnasium Indoor Design Condition

This figure shows the PUP Gymnasium Indoor Design Conditions in psychrometric chart,
plotted to cross the outdoor dry bulb temperature of 70‫ﹾ‬F and outdoor relative humidity of 60%;
wet bulb temperature, dew point temperature, humidity ratio, enthalpy, and specific volume of
the outdoor design conditions were also determined.

Indoor Design Condition

Dew
Dry Bulb Wet RH Humidity Enthalpy Specific
Point
˚F Bulb ˚F % Ratio BTU/lb Volume ft3/lb
˚F

Measurements 70 61.01 60 55.3 0.0092 27.01 13.58

Table 2. PUP Gymnasium Indoor Design Condition
This table shows the PUP gymnasium indoor design conditions. Dry bulb temperature
equals 70°F, wet bulb temperature equals 61.01°F, relative humidity of 60%, dew point
temperature of 55.3°F, humidity ratio equals 66.1, enthalpy of 27.01 BTU/lb, and specific volume
of 13.58 ft3/lb.

Building and Insulating Materials: Design Values

Description Density Resistance Specific Heat Conductivity

lb/ft3 R, Btu/lb · °F k, Btu · in/h ·
Btu /h·ft2·°F ft2·°F

Concrete hollow block 150 0.71 0.19 to 0.24 10 to 20

(Sand and gravel or
stone aggregate
concretes)

Steel sheet with 2in _ 0.092 _ _

insulation

Inside Surface _ 0.56 _ _

Outside Surface _ 0.33 _ _

Table 3. ASHRAE Handbook Fundamentals Table of U-Values

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CHAPTER 3

HEAT LOAD CALCULATIONS

A. External Heat Load

External loads are the loads caused by heat transfer from the outside environment
through the building. To determine the loads, the heat gain through the walls, roof, walls,
windows, and doors is calculated.

i. Roof Heat Gain

Roof as a building surface has the most area exposed to the sun and contributes more
heat gains on the building.

𝑄 = 𝑈×𝐴× 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗

Where:
𝑄 = Heat gain
𝑈 = Overall heat transfer coefficient
𝐴 = Area
𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 = Cooling load temperature difference adjusted

From ASHRAE 1997, the total heat transfer coefficient of steel sheet roof with
𝐵𝑇𝑈
suspended ceiling and 2-in insulation is 𝑈 = 0. 092 2 , while the Cooling Load
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡 −°𝐹

Temperature Difference with suspended ceiling and using steel sheet with 2-in insulation are:

Time Cooling Load Temperature Difference

1200 62

1300 71

1400 77
Table 4. CLF value according to time
Computation:
For 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗:

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 + 𝐿𝑀)𝑘 + (78 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑜 − 85)]×𝑓

Where:
𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗= Cooling load temperature difference

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 = Cooling load temperature difference

𝐿𝑀 = Latitude Month
𝑘 = Color Adjustment Factor
= 1.0 for dark color; 0.85 for medium color; 0.65 for light color1
1
https://www.irjet.net/archives/V4/i1/I84.pdf

8
 𝑇𝑖 = Inside Temperature

𝑇𝑜 = Outside Temperature

𝑓 = Factor for attic fan and/or duct above ceiling

Values:
𝐿𝑀 = 0
𝑘 = 1.0 for dark color
𝑇𝑖 = 70° F

𝑇𝑜 = 84.2 ° F

𝑓 = 0.75 (positive ventilation)

@ 1200
𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 + 𝐿𝑀)𝑘 + (78 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑜 − 85)]×𝑓

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [62 + 0)1 + (78 − 70) + (84. 2 − 85)]×0. 75

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 51. 9 °𝐹

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 51. 9 °𝐹

@ 1300
𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 + 𝐿𝑀)𝑘 + (78 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑜 − 85)]×𝑓

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [77 + 0)1 + (78 − 70) + (84. 2 − 85)]×0. 75

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 63. 15 °𝐹

@ 1400
𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 + 𝐿𝑀)𝑘 + (78 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑜 − 85)]×𝑓

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [77 + 0)1 + (78 − 70) + (84. 2 − 85)]×0. 75

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 63. 15 °𝐹

For Heat Load:

𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑈 = 0. 092 2 𝐴 = 13433. 36 𝑓𝑡
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡 −°𝐹

@ 1200
𝑄 = 𝑈×𝐴× 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗

𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑄 = 0. 092 2 ×13433. 36 𝑓𝑡 × 54. 195 °𝐹
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡 −°𝐹

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 64141. 607 ℎ𝑟

@ 1300
𝑄 = 𝑈×𝐴× 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗

𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑄 = 0. 092 2 ×13433. 36 𝑓𝑡 × 63. 15 °𝐹
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡 −°𝐹

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 78045. 135 ℎ𝑟

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 @ 1400
𝑄 = 𝑈×𝐴× 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗

𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑄 = 0. 092 2 ×13433. 36 𝑓𝑡 × 63. 15 °𝐹
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡 −°𝐹

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 78045. 135 ℎ𝑟

ii. Walls Heat Gain

According to the 1997 ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals, the overall heat-transfer

𝐵𝑇𝑈
coefficient for 4-in concrete wall with 2-in insulation is 𝑈 = 0. 2 2 Cooling Load
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡 −°𝐹

Temperature Difference for 4-in concrete wall with 2-in insulation.

Orientation
Time
North East West South

1200 7 27 9 9

1300 8 30 10 12

1400 10 32 11 16

Table 5. CLTD Value According to Time and Orientation

CLTD Correction for Latitude and Month Applied to Walls and Roofs, North Latitudes
for the month of May.

Orientation Latitude Month

North -1

East -1

West -1

South -6

Table 6. Latitude month applied for the month of May

Computation:
For 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗:

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 + 𝐿𝑀)𝑘 + (78 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑜 − 85)]

Where:
𝑘 = 0.65
𝑇𝑖 = 70° F

𝑇𝑜 = 84.2 ° F

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NORTH
@ 1200
𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 + 𝐿𝑀)𝑘 + (78 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑜 − 85)]

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [(7 − 1)0. 65 + (78 − 70) + (84. 2 − 85)]

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 11. 1 °𝐹

@ 1300
𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 + 𝐿𝑀)𝑘 + (78 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑜 − 85)]

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [(8 − 1)0. 65 + (78 − 70) + (84. 2 − 85)]

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 11. 75 °𝐹

@ 1400
𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 + 𝐿𝑀)𝑘 + (78 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑜 − 85)]

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [(10 − 1)0. 65 + (78 − 70) + (84. 2 − 85)]

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 13. 05 °𝐹

EAST
@ 1200
𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 + 𝐿𝑀)𝑘 + (78 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑜 − 85)]

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [(27 − 1)0. 65 + (78 − 70) + (84. 2 − 85)]

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 24. 1 °𝐹

@ 1300
𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 + 𝐿𝑀)𝑘 + (78 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑜 − 85)]

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [(30 − 1)0. 65 + (78 − 70) + (84. 2 − 85)]

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 26. 05 °𝐹

@ 1400
𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 + 𝐿𝑀)𝑘 + (78 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑜 − 85)]

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [(32 − 1)0. 65 + (78 − 70) + (84. 2 − 85)]

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 27. 35 °𝐹

WEST
@ 1200
𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 + 𝐿𝑀)𝑘 + (78 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑜 − 85)]

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [(9 − 1)0. 65 + (78 − 70) + (84. 2 − 85)]

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 12. 4 °𝐹

@ 1300
𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 + 𝐿𝑀)𝑘 + (78 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑜 − 85)]

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [(10 − 1)0. 65 + (78 − 70) + (84. 2 − 85)]

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 13. 05 °𝐹

11
 @ 1400
𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 + 𝐿𝑀)𝑘 + (78 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑜 − 85)]

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [(11 − 1)0. 65 + (78 − 70) + (84. 2 − 85)]

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 13. 7 °𝐹

SOUTH
@ 1200
𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 + 𝐿𝑀)𝑘 + (78 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑜 − 85)]

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [(9 − 6)0. 65 + (78 − 70) + (84. 2 − 85)]

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 9. 15 °𝐹

@ 1300
𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 + 𝐿𝑀)𝑘 + (78 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑜 − 85)]

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [(12 − 6)0. 65 + (78 − 70) + (84. 2 − 85)]

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 11. 1 °𝐹

@ 1400
𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 + 𝐿𝑀)𝑘 + (78 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑜 − 85)]

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [(16 − 6)0. 65 + (78 − 70) + (84. 2 − 85)]

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 13. 7 °𝐹

Orientation
Time
North East West South

1200 11.1 24.1 12.4 9.15

1300 11.75 26.05 13.05 11.1

1400 13.05 27.35 13.7 13.7

Table 7. CLTD Value for Wall Heat Gain

Computation:
For Heat Load:
𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑈 = 0. 2 2
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡 −°𝐹

NORTH
2
𝐴 = 2861. 21 𝑓𝑡
@ 1200

𝑄 = 𝑈×𝐴× 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗

𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑄 = 0. 2 2 ×2861. 21 𝑓𝑡 × 11. 1 °𝐹
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡 −°𝐹

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 6351. 886 ℎ𝑟

12
 @ 1300
𝑄 = 𝑈×𝐴× 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗

𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑄 = 0. 2 2 ×2861. 21 𝑓𝑡 × 11. 75 °𝐹
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡 −°𝐹

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 6723. 844 ℎ𝑟

@ 1400
𝑄 = 𝑈×𝐴× 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗

𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑄 = 0. 2 2 ×2861. 21 𝑓𝑡 × 13. 05 °𝐹
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡 −°𝐹

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 7467. 758 ℎ𝑟

EAST
2
𝐴 = 1690. 32 𝑓𝑡
@ 1200
𝑄 = 𝑈×𝐴× 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗

𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑄 = 0. 2 2 ×1690. 32 𝑓𝑡 ×24. 1 °𝐹
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡 −°𝐹

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 8147. 3424 ℎ𝑟

@ 1300
𝑄 = 𝑈×𝐴× 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗

𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑄 = 0. 2 2 ×1690. 32 𝑓𝑡 × 26. 05 °𝐹
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡 −°𝐹

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 8806. 567 ℎ𝑟

@ 1400
𝑄 = 𝑈×𝐴× 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗

𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑄 = 0. 2 2 ×1690. 32 𝑓𝑡 × 27. 35 °𝐹
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡 −°𝐹

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 9246. 05 ℎ𝑟

WEST
2
𝐴 = 1525. 96 𝑓𝑡
@ 1200
𝑄 = 𝑈×𝐴× 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗

𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑄 = 0. 2 2 ×1525. 96𝑓𝑡 ×12. 4 °𝐹
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡 −°𝐹

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 3784. 380 ℎ𝑟

@ 1300
𝑄 = 𝑈×𝐴× 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗

𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑄 = 0. 2 2 ×1525. 96 𝑓𝑡 × 13. 05 °𝐹
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡 −°𝐹

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 3982. 756 ℎ𝑟

13
 @ 1400
𝑄 = 𝑈×𝐴× 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗

𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑄 = 0. 2 2 ×1525. 96 𝑓𝑡 × 13. 7 °𝐹
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡 −°𝐹

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 4181. 130 ℎ𝑟

SOUTH

2
𝐴 = 2908. 25 𝑓𝑡
@ 1200

𝑄 = 𝑈×𝐴× 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗

𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑄 = 0. 2 2 ×2908. 25𝑓𝑡 ×9. 15 °𝐹
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡 −°𝐹
𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 5322. 098 ℎ𝑟
@ 1300

𝑄 = 𝑈×𝐴× 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗
𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑄 = 0. 2 2 ×2908. 25 𝑓𝑡 × 11. 1 °𝐹
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡 −°𝐹
𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 6456. 315 ℎ𝑟
@ 1400

𝑄 = 𝑈×𝐴× 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗

𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑄 = 0. 2 2 ×2908. 25 𝑓𝑡 ×13. 7 °𝐹
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡 −°𝐹

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 7968. 605 ℎ𝑟

iii. Windows/Glass Conduction

According to 1989 ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals, the Cooling Load Temperature
Difference values through window and door glass [2]

Time CLTD

1200 9

1300 12

1400 13

Table 8. CLTD Value for Windows and Glass

𝐵𝑇𝑈
The overall heat transfer coefficient for a 6 mm reflective double glass is 0.83 2 .
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡 −°𝐹

Computation:
For 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗:

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 + (78 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑜 − 85)]

14
Where:
𝑇𝑖 = 70° F

𝑇𝑜 = 84.2° F

@ 1200
𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 + (78 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑜 − 85)]

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [9 + (78 − 70) + (84. 2 − 85)]

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 16. 2 °𝐹

@ 1300
𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 + (78 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑜 − 85)]

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [12 + (78 − 70) + (84. 2 − 85)]

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 19. 2 °𝐹

@ 1400
𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷 + (78 − 𝑇𝑖 ) + (𝑇𝑜 − 85)]

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = [13 + (78 − 70) + (84. 2 − 85)]

𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗 = 20. 2 °𝐹

For Heat Load:

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑈 = 0. 83 2
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡 −°𝐹

NORTH
2
𝐴 = 680. 79 𝑓𝑡
@ 1200
𝑄 = 𝑈×𝐴× 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗

𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑄 =. 83 2 ×680. 79 𝑓𝑡 × 16. 2 °𝐹
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡 −°𝐹

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 9153. 902 ℎ𝑟

@ 1300

𝑄 = 𝑈×𝐴× 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗
𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑄 =. 83 2 ×680. 79 𝑓𝑡 ×19. 2 °𝐹
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡 −°𝐹
𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 10849. 069 ℎ𝑟
@ 1400

𝑄 = 𝑈×𝐴× 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗
𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑄 =. 83 2 ×680. 79 𝑓𝑡 × 20. 2 °𝐹
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡 −°𝐹

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 11414. 12 ℎ𝑟

15
EAST
2
𝐴 = 333. 68 𝑓𝑡
@ 1200
𝑄 = 𝑈×𝐴× 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗

𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑄 = 0. 83 2 ×333. 68 𝑓𝑡 ×16. 2 °𝐹
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡 −°𝐹

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 4486. 661 ℎ𝑟

@ 1300
𝑄 = 𝑈×𝐴× 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗

𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑄 = 0. 83 2 ×333. 68 𝑓𝑡 × 19. 2 °𝐹
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡 −°𝐹

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 5317. 524 ℎ𝑟

@ 1400
𝑄 = 𝑈×𝐴× 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗

𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑄 = 0. 83 2 ×333. 68 𝑓𝑡 × 20. 2 °𝐹
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡 −°𝐹

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 5594. 479 ℎ𝑟

WEST
2
𝐴 = 364. 04 𝑓𝑡
@ 1200
𝑄 = 𝑈×𝐴× 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗

𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑄 = 0. 83 2 ×364. 04 𝑓𝑡 ×16. 2 °𝐹
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡 −°𝐹

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 4894. 881 ℎ𝑟

@ 1300
𝑄 = 𝑈×𝐴× 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗

𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑄 = 0. 83 2 ×364. 04 𝑓𝑡 × 19. 2 °𝐹
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡 −°𝐹

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 5801. 34 ℎ𝑟

@ 1400
𝑄 = 𝑈×𝐴× 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗

𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑄 = 0. 83 2 ×364. 04 𝑓𝑡 ×20. 2 °𝐹
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡 −°𝐹

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 6103. 495 ℎ𝑟

16
 SOUTH
2
𝐴 = 633. 75 𝑓𝑡
@ 1200
𝑄 = 𝑈×𝐴× 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗

𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑄 = 0. 83 2 ×633. 75 𝑓𝑡 ×16. 2 °𝐹
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡 −°𝐹

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 8521. 402 ℎ𝑟

@ 1300
𝑄 = 𝑈×𝐴× 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗

𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑄 = 0. 83 2 ×633. 75 𝑓𝑡 × 19. 2 °𝐹
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡 −°𝐹

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 10099. 44 ℎ𝑟

@ 1400
𝑄 = 𝑈×𝐴× 𝐶𝐿𝑇𝐷𝑎𝑑𝑗

𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑄 = 0. 83 2 ×633. 75 𝑓𝑡 ×20. 2 °𝐹
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡 −°𝐹

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 10625. 452 ℎ𝑟

iV. Solar Conduction

According to 1997 ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals, the maximum Solar Heat Gain
Factor for Sunlit Glass, North Latitudes for the month of May [2]

Orientation
Month
North East West South

May 47 217 217 42

Table 9. The Maximum Solar Heat Gain Factor for Sunlit Glass

Note: Shading coefficient of 6 mm thick reflective double glass with no indoor shading is 0.3.
Cooling Load Factors for glass without interior shading [2]

Orientation
Time
North East West South

1200 0.70 0.39 0.14 0.52

1300 0.73 0.35 0.19 0.57

1400 0.75 0.31 0.29 0.58

Table 10. CLF for Solar Conduction

17
 𝑄 = 𝑆𝐻𝐺𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥×𝑆𝐶×𝐴×𝐶𝐿𝐹

Where:
𝑆𝐻𝐺𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥 = Maximum solar heat gain factor

𝑆𝐶 = Shading coefficient
𝐴 = Area
𝐶𝐿𝐹 = Cooling Load Factor

Computation:
For Heat Load:
NORTH
2
𝐴 = 680. 79 𝑓𝑡
@ 1200
𝑄 = 𝑆𝐻𝐺𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥×𝑆𝐶×𝐴×𝐶𝐿𝐹

𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑄 = 47 2 ×0. 3×680. 79 𝑓𝑡 × 0. 70
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 6719. 397 ℎ𝑟

@ 1300
𝑄 = 𝑆𝐻𝐺𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥×𝑆𝐶×𝐴×𝐶𝐿𝐹

𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑄 = 47 2 ×0. 3×680. 79 𝑓𝑡 × 0. 73
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 7007. 371 ℎ𝑟

@ 1400
𝑄 = 𝑆𝐻𝐺𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥×𝑆𝐶×𝐴×𝐶𝐿𝐹

𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑄 = 47 2 ×0. 3×680. 79 𝑓𝑡 × 0. 75
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 7199. 354 ℎ𝑟

EAST
2
𝐴 = 333. 68 𝑓𝑡
@ 1200
𝑄 = 𝑆𝐻𝐺𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥×𝑆𝐶×𝐴×𝐶𝐿𝐹

𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑄 = 217 2 ×0. 3×333. 68 𝑓𝑡 × 0. 39
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 8471. 802 ℎ𝑟

@ 1300
𝑄 = 𝑆𝐻𝐺𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥×𝑆𝐶×𝐴×𝐶𝐿𝐹

𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑄 = 217 2 ×0. 3×333. 68 𝑓𝑡 × 0. 35
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 7602. 899 ℎ𝑟

18
 @ 1400
𝑄 = 𝑆𝐻𝐺𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥×𝑆𝐶×𝐴×𝐶𝐿𝐹

𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑄 = 217 2 ×0. 3×333. 68 𝑓𝑡 × 0. 31
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 6733. 996 ℎ𝑟

WEST

2
𝐴 = 364. 04 𝑓𝑡
@ 1200
𝑄 = 𝑆𝐻𝐺𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥×𝑆𝐶×𝐴×𝐶𝐿𝐹

𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑄 = 217 2 ×0. 3×364. 04𝑓𝑡 × 0. 14
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 3317. 861 ℎ𝑟

@ 1300
𝑄 = 𝑆𝐻𝐺𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥×𝑆𝐶×𝐴×𝐶𝐿𝐹

𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑄 = 217 2 ×0. 3×364. 04 𝑓𝑡 × 0. 19
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 4502. 811 ℎ𝑟

@ 1400
𝑄 = 𝑆𝐻𝐺𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥×𝑆𝐶×𝐴×𝐶𝐿𝐹

𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑄 = 217 2 ×0. 3×364. 048 𝑓𝑡 × 0. 29
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 6872. 711 ℎ𝑟

SOUTH
2
𝐴 = 633. 75 𝑓𝑡
@ 1200
𝑄 = 𝑆𝐻𝐺𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥×𝑆𝐶×𝐴×𝐶𝐿𝐹

𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑄 = 42 2 ×0. 3×633. 75𝑓𝑡 ×0. 52
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 4152. 33 ℎ𝑟

@ 1300
𝑄 = 𝑆𝐻𝐺𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥×𝑆𝐶×𝐴×𝐶𝐿𝐹

𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑄 = 42 2 ×0. 3×633. 75 𝑓𝑡 × 0. 57
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 4551. 593 ℎ𝑟

@ 1400
𝑄 = 𝑆𝐻𝐺𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥×𝑆𝐶×𝐴×𝐶𝐿𝐹

𝐵𝑇𝑈 2
𝑄 = 42 2 ×0. 3×633. 75 𝑓𝑡 × 0. 58
ℎ𝑟−𝑓𝑡

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑄 = 4631. 445 ℎ𝑟

19
 EXTERNAL LOADS (BTU/hr) TOTAL TOTAL
(BTU/hr) (TOR)
TIME Roofs Walls Glass Solar

1200 66, 977. 93 29,104.98 32,167.59 22,661.39 150,911.81 12.58

1300 75, 320. 04 31,468.754 36,978.113 23,664.67 167,431.58 13.95

1400 80, 881. 45 34,362.817 38,848.289 25,437.506 179,530.062 14.96

Table 11. Summary of External Load

B. INTERNAL LOAD

In contemporary structures, the primary source of the cooling demand stems from the
internal heat generated by occupants, lighting, motors, appliances, and equipment. The
escalation in computer usage and the advent of spaces with high occupancy have led to an
increase in internal loads, especially as building shells have become more efficient in
compliance with stricter energy regulations.

To calculate the total cooling requirement within a gymnasium, it’s crucial to determine
the amount of sensible and latent heat produced by individuals and various other elements.

i. People

The additional sensible heat and moisture that people bring in is significant even in
situations where occupancy is short. Since they are one of the primary sources of internal heat
load, a gymnasium that can accommodate 2500 individuals must be taken into consideration.

SENSIBLE HEAT GAIN: Qs = Quantity x Sensible Heat Gain x CLF

LATENT HEAT GAIN: QL = Quantity x Latent Heat Gain

Chart 2. Representative Rates at Which Heat and Moisture Are Given Off by
Human Beings in Different States of Activity

20
 a. Cooling Load Factor
Prior to being released into the atmosphere, the sensible heat needs to be absorbed by
the surrounding environment. The cooling load factor explains the lag in time. Latent heat has
no associated cooling load factor because it is an instantaneous cooling load. Examples of SHG
and LHG from individuals are provided in the table below. It illustrates the range of heat gain
values brought on by people. The Cooling Load Factor can be obtained from the table below.

Chart 3. CLF for occupancy heat gain or CLF values in Table 19 of 1997 ASHRAE
Handbook
Bleacher Area
Total area of bleachers = 5000 ft2 (based on pup gymnasium detailed plan)
Seat capacity = 625 person

2
5000𝑓𝑡
Seat capacity = 8𝑓𝑡
2

𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛
(𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 1 𝐴𝑖𝑟 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑘 𝑓𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑠)

b. Sensible Heat Gain

Qs = Quantity x Sensible Heat Gain x CLF

Seated, Very Light Work (25% of full capacity)

𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝐵𝑡𝑢
1200 h: Qs = 625 x 245 ℎ𝑟
x 0.21 = 32,156.25 ℎ𝑟

𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝐵𝑡𝑢
1300 h: Qs = 625 x 245 ℎ𝑟
x 0.18 = 27,562.5 ℎ𝑟

𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝐵𝑡𝑢
1400 h: Qs = 625 x 245 ℎ𝑟
x 0.15 = 22,968.75 ℎ𝑟

Standing, Light Work, Walking (43% of full capacity)

𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝐵𝑡𝑢
1200 h: Qs = 1075 x 250 ℎ𝑟
x 0.03 = 8,062.5 ℎ𝑟

𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝐵𝑡𝑢
1300 h: Qs = 1075 x 250 ℎ𝑟
x 0.02 = 5,375 ℎ𝑟

𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝐵𝑡𝑢
1400 h: Qs = 1075 x 250 ℎ𝑟
x 0.02 = 5,375 ℎ𝑟

Moderate Work & Cheering (30% of full capacity)

𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝐵𝑡𝑢
1200 h: Qs = 750 x 305 ℎ𝑟
x 0.03 = 6,862.5 ℎ𝑟

𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝐵𝑡𝑢
1300 h: Qs = 750 x 305 ℎ𝑟
x 0.02 = 4,575 ℎ𝑟

𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝐵𝑡𝑢
1400 h: Qs = 750 x 305 ℎ𝑟
x 0.02 = 4,575 ℎ𝑟

21
 Athletics (2% of full capacity)
𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝐵𝑡𝑢
1200 h: Qs = 50 x 710 ℎ𝑟
x 0.03 = 1,065 ℎ𝑟

𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝐵𝑡𝑢
1300 h: Qs = 50 x 710 ℎ𝑟
x 0.02 = 710 ℎ𝑟

𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝐵𝑡𝑢
1400 h: Qs = 50 x 710 ℎ𝑟
x 0.02 = 710 ℎ𝑟

Time Seated, Very Standing, Moderate Athletics TOTAL

Light Work Light Work, Work & (BTU/hr)
Walking Cheering

1200 32,156.25 8,062.5 6,862.5 1,065 48,146.25

1300 27,562.5 5,375 4,575 710 38,222.5

1400 22,968.75 5,375 4,575 710 33,628.75

Table 12. Analysis of total heat load from people

c. Latent Heat Gain

QL = Quantity x Latent Heat Gain x CLF

Seated, Very Light Work

QL1 = 625 x 155 x 0.21 = 20,343.75 Btu/hr
Standing, Light Work, Walking
QL2 = 1075 x 200 x 0.21 = 45,150 Btu/hr
Moderate Work & Cheering
QL3 = 750 x 545 x 0.21 = 85,837 Btu/hr
Athletics
QL4 = 50 x 1090 x 0.21 = 11,445 Btu/hr

For the Latent Heat Gain from people.

ΣQL= QL1 + QL2+QL3+QL4
= 20,343.75 + 45,150 + 85,837 + 11,445 = 162,775.75 BTU/hr

22
ii. EQUIPMENT LOAD

The cooling load calculation needs to take into account the use of different appliances,
both gas and electrical. Equipment load is the heat load resulting from the appliances and
equipment in a conditioned gymnasium.

Table 13. Summary of Equipment Loads

Σ𝑄𝐸𝑄𝑈𝐼𝑃𝑀𝐸𝑁𝑇= 𝑄𝐺𝑌𝑀 + 𝑄𝐶𝑅 + 𝑄𝐶𝑂𝑁 + 𝑄𝐿𝐼𝐵
𝐵𝑇𝑈
Σ𝑄𝐸𝑄𝑈𝐼𝑃𝑀𝐸𝑁𝑇= (1324 + 60 + 115 + 345)(3. 41 ℎ𝑟. 𝑤
)

Q = 6288.04 BTU/hr

iii. LIGHTING
Lighting systems, like sunlight and appliances, contribute to heat gain in a
building, though the amounts vary depending on bulb type.

Qel = 3.41 (lamp rating in watts)(Fu)(Fb)(CLF)

Where:
Qel = heat gain, Btu/hr
Fu = utilization factor or fraction of installed lamps in use
Fb = special allowance factor
CLF = cooling-load factor from Table 4.41 conversion factor

a. Wattage

The total light wattage is obtained from the ratings of all lamps installed, both for
general illumination and for display use. Ballasts are not included, but are addressed by
separate factors. Ballast is a device placed in line with the load to limit the amount of
current in an electrical circuit.

23
b. Lighting Use Factor

The ratio of the amount of time the lights will be used is called the lighting use
factor. In most cases, such as in offices, classrooms, shops, hospitals, gymnasiums, and
other similarly busy places, this factor is 1.0.

c. Special Allowance Factor

This special allowance factor takes into account the heat from ballasts. This
factor is typically 1.2 for fluorescent lights and 1.0 for incandescent due to the lack of
ballasts. In this case, the lighting fixtures used in Fast Food Chain are fluorescent lamps.

d. Cooling Load Factor

The cooling load factor for lights depends on type of air supply and return, space
and furnishings, when it was turned on, and how many hours did it remain open after it
was turned on. In this case, the lighting fixtures of the Fast Food Chain is 1.0. These
cooling load factors will be seen in the Chapter 28 Table 38 of the 1997 ASHRAE
Handbook. If the lights are left on for 24 hours a day.

Table 14. Cooling Load Factors for Lighting

24
 Table 15. Summary of loads from lighting

Fluorescent Light
Qel = 3.41 (lamp rating in watts)(Fu)(Fb)(CLF)
Qel = 3.41(1770 watts)(1.0)(1.2)(0.89) = 6446.1276 BTU/hr
The total heat gain from lighting Fluorescent Light is 6446.1276 BTU/hr
Incandescent Light
Qel = 3.41 (lamp rating in watts)(Fu)(Fb)(CLF)
Qel = 3.41 (6300 watts) (1.0) (1.0) (0.89) = 19,119.87 BTU/hr
The total heat gain from lighting Incandescent Light is 19,119.87 BTU/hr

INTERNAL LOAD

TOTAL TOTAL
TIME PEOPLE EQUIPME LIGHTS (BTU/hr) (TOR)
NT

SENSIBLE LATENT

1200 48,146.25 6288.04 25,565.9976 242776.04 20.23

162,775.75
1300 38,222.5 232852.29 19.40

1400 33,628.75 228258.54 19.02

Table 16. Summary of Internal Loads

C. Gymnasium Cooling Load

The subtotal load calculated from internal and external conditions is ranging from
83.93 TOR to 8.3 TOR. Heat load from a maximum occupancy of 2500 individuals yields
79% of the total heat load. Internal Load yields 82.4% while the External load yields
17.6% of the total heat load only.

25
 LOAD SOURCES Cooling Load (BTU/hr)

Sensible Latent

External

Roof 80,881.45 0

Walls 34,362.817 0

Glass 38,848.289 0

Solar Conduction 25,437.506 0

Internal

People 48,146.25 162,775.75

Equipment 6288.04 0

Lights 25,565.9976 0

259,530.35 BTU/hr 162,775.75 BTU/hr

TOTAL 47.75 kW
76.06 kW
Table 17. Summary of External and Internal Loads

i. Gymnasium

For Sub Total Room Sensible = Subtotal x Factor

Where:
𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠
𝑓 = 1 − 0. 02( 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
)

For sum total area in external walls based on architectural plan

A = 8985 ft2
For extreme perimeter
P = 2(L) + 2(W) = 2(157.44ft) + 2(91.84ft)
P = 498.56 ft

Then: 𝑓 = 1 − 0. 02 ( 8985
498.56 ) = 0. 6394
Therefore; Subtotal Room Sensible = 259,530.35 x 0. 6394 = 165,943.71 Btu/hr
Ventilation Air
Supply duct leakage, allowable leak = 10%
Therefore, supply leakage = 165,943.71 Btu/hr x 0.10
SL = 16,594.37 BTU/hr
Net Room Sensible Heat
NRS = Subtotal sensible heat – supply leakage
= 165,943.71 – 16,594.37
= 149,349.34 BTU/hr
For Ventilation Air
From Table 1 ASHRAE Standards, Air Conditioning Load Check Figures
For Multi Use Ventilation High = 15 cfm/ person
Then: 2500 persons x 15 cfm/person = 38,250 cfm

26
Coil Cooling Load
For Sensible Heat:
𝑄𝑠 = 1. 10 𝑥 𝑐𝑓𝑚 𝑥 ∆𝑡

Where:
m = Mass Flow Rate of Air, cfm
dT = Inside-Outside Air Temperature Difference, deg F
Ti = Maintaining Temperature Inside the Space = 70℉
To = Outside Temperature = 84.2℉
Therefore:
𝑄𝑠 = 1. 10 𝑥 38, 250 𝑐𝑓𝑚 𝑥 (84. 2 − 70)℉

𝑄𝑠 = 597, 465 𝐵𝑇𝑈/ℎ𝑟

Ventilation load on air part of the coil

For Latent Heat:
𝑄𝐿 = 4840 𝑥 𝑐𝑓𝑚 𝑥 ∆𝑊

Where:
m = Mass Flow Rate of Air, cfm
dW = Inside-Outside Air Humidity Ratio Difference, (lbwv/lbda)
𝑄𝐿 = 4840 𝑥 38, 250𝑐𝑓𝑚 𝑥 𝑤

From Psychrometric chart:

Indoor Humidity Ratio = 0.0092
Outdoor Humidity Ratio = 0.0213
𝑄𝐿 = 4840 𝑥 38, 250𝑐𝑓𝑚 𝑥 (0. 0213 − 0. 0092)

𝑄𝐿 = 2, 240, 073 𝐵𝑇𝑈/ℎ𝑟

Therefore;
Latent Heat Load = QL PERSON + QL VENTILATION

Latent Heat Load = (162,775.75 + 2,240,073) BTU/hr

Latent Heat Load = 2,402,848.75 BTU/hr

Duct Ventilation
With duct leakage of 10%
Duck leakage = 2,402,848.75 BTU/hr x 0.10 = BTU/hr
DL = 240,284.88 BTU/hr

27
 COOLING LOAD SUMMARY

o Ventilation Load 2,402,848.75

o Net room sensible load 149,938.02

o Return Air 0

o Return Duct Gain 240,284.88

TOTAL 2,793,071.65 BTU/hr

232.76TOR
Table 18. Cooling Load Summary of Gymnasium

D. COOLING LOAD PER ROOM

Location Area Heat load Lightings Equipment TOTAL

(m2) (BTU/hr) (BTU/hr) (BTU/hr) (BTU/hr)

Sensible Latent

Ground Floor

Comfort 23.6 750 630 613.64 - 1993.64

Room per
/Conference room
Room / Staff
Room

Stock Room 23.4 525 420 61.36 - 1006.36

Second Floor

Speech Lab 19.8 1050 840 122.73 392 2404.73

Library 138 3150 2520 3190.9 1176 10,036.9

Computer 23.20 1575 1260 245.45 2812.5 5892.95

Lab

Table 19. PUP Gymnasium Extension Building Room Parameters

VENTILATION LOAD PER ROOM

a. COMFORT ROOM/STAFF ROOM/CONFERENCE ROOM

For Sub Total Room Sensible = Subtotal x Factor

𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠
Where: 𝑓 = 1 − 0. 02( 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
)

For sum total area in external walls based on architectural plan

A = 761 ft2
For extreme perimeter
P = 2(5.75) + 2(4.11) = 2(18.86ft) + 2(13.48ft)
P = 64.68 ft

Then, 𝑓 = 1 − 0. 02 ( 761
64.68 ) = 0. 7647

28
Therefore;
Subtotal Room Sensible = 1363.64 x 0. 6394 = 1042.78 Btu/hr

Ventilation air
Supply duct leakage, allowable leak = 10%
Therefore, supply leakage = 1042.78 Btu/hr x 0.10
SL = 104.28 BTU/hr

Net Room Sensible Heat

NRS = Subtotal sensible heat – supply leakage
NRS = 1042.78 – 104.28
NRS = 938.5 BTU/hr

For Ventilation Air

From Table 1 ASHRAE Standards, Air Conditioning Load Check Figures
For Multi Use Ventilation High = 15 cfm/ person
Then: 15 persons x 15 cfm/person = 225 cfm

Cooling Coil Load

For Sensible Heat:
𝑄𝑠 = 1. 10 𝑥 𝑐𝑓𝑚 𝑥 ∆𝑡

Where:
m = Mass Flow Rate of Air, cfm
dT = Inside-Outside Air Temperature Difference, deg F
Ti = Maintaining Temperature Inside the Space = 70℉
To = Outside Temperature = 84.2℉
Therefore: 𝑄𝑠 = 1. 10 𝑥 225 𝑐𝑓𝑚 𝑥 (84. 2 − 70)℉

𝑄𝑠 = 3514. 5 𝐵𝑇𝑈/ℎ𝑟

Ventilation load on air part of the coil

For Latent Heat:
𝑄𝐿 = 4840 𝑥 𝑐𝑓𝑚 𝑥 ∆𝑊

Where:
m = Mass Flow Rate of Air, cfm
dW = Inside-Outside Air Humidity Ratio Difference, (lbwv/lbda)
𝑄𝐿 = 4840 𝑥 225𝑐𝑓𝑚 𝑥 𝑤

From Psychrometric chart:

Indoor Humidity Ratio = 0.0092
Outdoor Humidity Ratio = 0.0213
𝑄𝐿 = 4840 𝑥 225𝑐𝑓𝑚 𝑥 (0. 0213 − 0. 0092)

𝑄𝐿 = 13, 176. 9 𝐵𝑇𝑈/ℎ𝑟

29
 Therefore;
Latent Heat Load = QL PERSON + QL VENTILATION
Latent Heat Load = (630 + 13,176.9) BTU/hr
Latent Heat Load = 13,806.9 BTU/hr

Duct Ventilation
With duct leakage of 10%
Duck leakage = 13,806.9 BTU/hr x 0.10 = BTU/hr
DL = 1380.69 BTU/hr

Cooling Load

Ventilation Load 13,806.9

Net room sensible load 938.5

Return Air 0

Return Duct Gain 1380.69

TOTAL 16,126.09 BTU/hr

Table 20. Cooling Load Summary of Ground Floor Comfort Room Area/Culture and
Arts/Conference Room

b. STOCK ROOM

For Sub Total Room Sensible = Subtotal x Factor

𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠
Where: 𝑓 = 1 − 0. 02( 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
)

For sum total area in external walls based on architectural plan

A = 252.04 ft2
For extreme perimeter
P = 2(5.7) + 2(4.11) = 2(18.7ft) + 2(13.48ft)
P = 64.36 ft

Then: 𝑓 = 1 − 0. 02 ( 252.04
64.36 ) = 0. 9217
Therefore; Subtotal Room Sensible = 586.36 x 0. 9217 = 540.45 Btu/hr
Ventilation Air
Supply duct leakage, allowable leak = 10%
Therefore, supply leakage = 540.45 Btu/hr x 0.10
SL = 54.04 BTU/hr
Net Room Sensible Heat
NRS = Subtotal sensible heat – supply leakage
= 540.5 – 54.04

= 486.46 BTU/hr

30
For Ventilation Air
From Table 1 ASHRAE Standards, Air Conditioning Load Check Figures
For Multi Use Ventilation High = 15 cfm/ person
Then: 15 persons x 15 cfm/person = 150 cfm
Cooling Coil Load
For Sensible Heat:
𝑄𝑠 = 1. 10 𝑥 𝑐𝑓𝑚 𝑥 ∆𝑡

Where:
m = Mass Flow Rate of Air, cfm
dT = Inside-Outside Air Temperature Difference, deg F
Ti = Maintaining Temperature Inside the Space = 70℉
To = Outside Temperature = 84.2 ℉
Therefore: 𝑄𝑠 = 1. 10 𝑥 150 𝑐𝑓𝑚 𝑥 (84. 2 − 70)℉

𝑄𝑠 = 2343 𝐵𝑇𝑈/ℎ𝑟

Ventilation load on air part of the coil

For Latent Heat:
𝑄𝐿 = 4840 𝑥 𝑐𝑓𝑚 𝑥 ∆𝑊

Where:
m = Mass Flow Rate of Air, cfm
dW = Inside-Outside Air Humidity Ratio Difference, (lbwv/lbda)

𝑄𝐿 = 4840 𝑥 150𝑐𝑓𝑚 𝑥 𝑤

From Psychrometric chart:

Indoor Humidity Ratio = 0.0092
Outdoor Humidity Ratio = 0.0213
𝑄𝐿 = 4840 𝑥 150 𝑐𝑓𝑚 𝑥 (0. 0213 − 0. 0092)

𝑄𝐿 = 8784. 6 𝐵𝑇𝑈/ℎ𝑟

Therefore: Latent Heat Load = QL PERSON + QL VENTILATION

Latent Heat Load = (420 + 8784.6) BTU/hr
Latent Heat Load = 9,204 BTU/hr

Duct Ventilation
With duct leakage of 10%
Duck leakage = 9204 BTU/hr x 0.10 = BTU/hr
DL = 920.4 BTU/hr

31
 Cooling Load

Ventilation Load 9204

Net room sensible load 486.46

Return Air 0

Return Duct Gain 920.4

TOTAL 10,610.86 BTU/hr

Table 21. Cooling Load Summary of Stock Room

c. SPEECH LABORATORY

For Sub Total Room Sensible = Subtotal x Factor

𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠

Where: 𝑓 = 1 − 0. 02( 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
)

For sum total area in external walls based on architectural plan

A = 213 ft2
For extreme perimeter
P = 2(5.11) + 2(3.87) = 2(16.76ft) + 2(12.7ft)
P = 58.92 ft

Then: 𝑓 = 1 − 0. 02 ( 213
58.92 ) = 0. 928
Therefore: Subtotal Room Sensible = 724.73 x 0. 928 = 672.55 Btu/hr
Ventilation Air
Supply duct leakage, allowable leak = 10%
Therefore, supply leakage = 672.55 Btu/hr x 0.10
SL = 67.26 BTU/hr

Net Room Sensible Heat

NRS = Subtotal sensible heat – supply leakage
= 672.55 – 67.26
= 605.29 BTU/hr
For Ventilation Air
From Table 1 ASHRAE Standards, Air Conditioning Load Check Figures
For Multi Use Ventilation High = 15 cfm/ person
Then: 15 persons x 15 cfm/person = 450 cfm
Cooling Coil Load
For Sensible Heat:
𝑄𝑠 = 1. 10 𝑥 𝑐𝑓𝑚 𝑥 ∆𝑡

Where:
m = Mass Flow Rate of Air, cfm
dT = Inside-Outside Air Temperature Difference, deg F
Ti = Maintaining Temperature Inside the Space = 70℉
To = Outside Temperature = 84.2℉

32
 Therefore: 𝑄𝑠 = 1. 10 𝑥 450 𝑐𝑓𝑚 𝑥 (84. 2 − 70)℉

𝑄𝑠 = 7029 𝐵𝑇𝑈/ℎ𝑟

Ventilation load on air part of the coil

For Latent Heat: 𝑄𝐿 = 4840 𝑥 450 𝑥 ∆𝑊

Where:
m = Mass Flow Rate of Air, cfm
dW = Inside-Outside Air Humidity Ratio Difference, (lbwv/lbda)

𝑄𝐿 = 4840 𝑥 450𝑐𝑓𝑚 𝑥 𝑤

From Psychrometric chart:

Indoor Humidity Ratio = 0.0092
Outdoor Humidity Ratio = 0.0213
𝑄𝐿 = 4840 𝑥 150 𝑐𝑓𝑚 𝑥 (0. 0213 − 0. 0092)

𝑄𝐿 = 26353. 8 𝐵𝑇𝑈/ℎ𝑟

Therefore; Latent Heat Load = QL PERSON + QL VENTILATION

Latent Heat Load = (840 + 26353.8) BTU/hr
Latent Heat Load = 27,193.8 BTU/hr

Duct Ventilation
With duct leakage of 10%
Duck leakage = 27193.8 BTU/hr x 0.10 = BTU/hr
DL = 2719.38 BTU/hr

Cooling Load

o Ventilation Load 27,193.8

o Net room sensible load 605.29

o Return Air 0

o Return Duct Gain 2,719.38

TOTAL 30,518.47 BTU/hr

Table 22. Cooling Load Summary of Speech Laboratory

33
 d. LIBRARY

For Sub Total Room Sensible = Subtotal x Factor

𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠
Where: 𝑓 = 1 − 0. 02( 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
)

For sum total area in external walls based on architectural plan

A = 1484.66 ft2
For extreme perimeter
P = 2(23) + 2(6) = 2(75.44ft) + 2(19.68ft)
P = 190.24 ft

Then: 𝑓 = 1 − 0. 02 ( 1484.66
190.24 ) = 0. 8439
Therefore; Subtotal Room Sensible = 4996.9 x 0. 8439 = 4216.88 Btu/hr
Ventilation Air
Supply duct leakage, allowable leak = 10%
Therefore, supply leakage = 4216.88 Btu/hr x 0.10
SL = 421.69 BTU/hr

Net Room Sensible Heat

NRS = Subtotal sensible heat – supply leakage
= 4216.88 – 421.69

= 3795.19 BTU/hr

For Ventilation Air

From Table 1 ASHRAE Standards, Air Conditioning Load Check Figures
For Multi Use Ventilation High = 15 cfm/ person
Then: 60 persons x 15 cfm/person = 900 cfm

Cooling Coil Load

For Sensible Heat:
𝑄𝑠 = 1. 10 𝑥 𝑐𝑓𝑚 𝑥 ∆𝑡

Where:
m = Mass Flow Rate of Air, cfm
dT = Inside-Outside Air Temperature Difference, deg F
Ti = Maintaining Temperature Inside the Space = 70℉
To = Outside Temperature = 84.2℉
Therefore: 𝑄𝑠 = 1. 10 𝑥 900 𝑐𝑓𝑚 𝑥 (84. 2 − 70)℉

𝑄𝑠 = 14, 058 𝐵𝑇𝑈/ℎ𝑟

Ventilation Load
For Latent Heat: 𝑄𝐿 = 4840 𝑥 900 𝑥 ∆𝑊

34
Where:
m = Mass Flow Rate of Air, cfm
dW = Inside-Outside Air Humidity Ratio Difference, (lbwv/lbda)

𝑄𝐿 = 4840 𝑥 900𝑐𝑓𝑚 𝑥 𝑤

From Psychrometric chart:

Indoor Humidity Ratio = 0.0092
Outdoor Humidity Ratio = 0.0213
𝑄𝐿 = 4840 𝑥 900 𝑐𝑓𝑚 𝑥 (0. 0213 − 0. 0092)

𝑄𝐿 = 52707. 6 𝐵𝑇𝑈/ℎ𝑟

Therefore: Latent Heat Load = QL PERSON + QL VENTILATION

Latent Heat Load = (2520 + 52707.6) BTU/hr
Latent Heat Load = 55227.6 BTU/hr

Duct Ventilation
With duct leakage of 10%
Duck leakage = 55227.6 BTU/hr x 0.10 = BTU/hr
DL = 5522.76 BTU/hr

Cooling Load

Ventilation Load 55,227.6

Net room sensible load 3,795.19

Return Air 0

Return Duct Gain 5,522.76

TOTAL 64,545.55 BTU/hr

Table 23. Cooling Load Summary of Library

e. COMPUTER LABORATORY

For Sub Total Room Sensible = Subtotal x Factor

𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑠
Where: 𝑓 = 1 − 0. 02( 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
)

For sum total area in external walls based on architectural plan

A = 249.59 ft2
For extreme perimeter
P = 2(5.75) + 2(4.035) = 2(18.86ft) + 2(13.23ft)
P = 64.18 ft

35
 Then: 𝑓 = 1 − 0. 02 ( 249.59
64.18 ) = 0. 92
Therefore; Subtotal Room Sensible = 3372.95 x 0. 92 = 3103.1 Btu/hr

Ventilation Air
Supply duct leakage, allowable leak = 10%
Therefore, supply leakage = 3103.1 Btu/hr x 0.10
SL = 310.3 BTU/hr
Net Room Sensible Heat
NRS = Subtotal sensible heat – supply leakage
= 3103.1 – 310.3
= 2792.8 BTU/hr

For Ventilation Air

From Table 1 ASHRAE Standards, Air Conditioning Load Check Figures
For Multi Use Ventilation High = 15 cfm/ person
Then: 30 persons x 15 cfm/person = 450 cfm

Cooling Coil Load

For Sensible Heat:
𝑄𝑠 = 1. 10 𝑥 𝑐𝑓𝑚 𝑥 ∆𝑡

Where:
m = Mass Flow Rate of Air, cfm
dT = Inside-Outside Air Temperature Difference, deg F
Ti = Maintaining Temperature Inside the Space = 70℉
To = Outside Temperature = 84.2℉
Therefore: 𝑄𝑠 = 1. 10 𝑥 450 𝑐𝑓𝑚 𝑥 (84. 2 − 70)℉

𝑄𝑠 = 7029 𝐵𝑇𝑈/ℎ𝑟

Ventilation Load
For Latent Heat: 𝑄𝐿 = 4840 𝑥 𝑐𝑓𝑚 𝑥 ∆𝑊

Where:
m = Mass Flow Rate of Air, cfm
dW = Inside-Outside Air Humidity Ratio Difference, (lbwv/lbda)

𝑄𝐿 = 4840 𝑥 450𝑐𝑓𝑚 𝑥 𝑤

From Psychrometric chart:

Indoor Humidity Ratio = 0.0092
Outdoor Humidity Ratio = 0.0213
𝑄𝐿 = 4840 𝑥 450 𝑐𝑓𝑚 𝑥 (0. 0213 − 0. 0092)

𝑄𝐿 = 26, 353. 8 𝐵𝑇𝑈/ℎ𝑟

36
 Therefore: Latent Heat Load = QL PERSON + QL VENTILATION
Latent Heat Load = (1260 + 26,353.8) BTU/hr
Latent Heat Load = 27,613.8 BTU/hr

Duct Ventilation
With duct leakage of 10%
Duck leakage = 27,613.8 BTU/hr x 0.10 = BTU/hr
DL = 2761.38 BTU/hr

Cooling Load

Ventilation Load 27,613.8

Net room sensible load 3795.19

Return Air 0

Return Duct Gain 5522.76

TOTAL 36,931.75 BTU/hr

Table 24. Cooling Load Summary of Computer Laboratory

AREAS VENTILATION LOAD

Comfort Room /Conference Room / Staff 16,126.09 BTU/hr

Room

10,610.86 BTU/hr
Stock Room

30518.47 BTU/hr
Speech Lab

64,545.55 BTU/hr
Library

36,931.75 BTU/hr
Computer Laboratory

158,732.72 BTU/hr
TOTAL
13.23 TOR

Table 25. Cooling Load Summary per Room

37
Supply Condition

𝐶𝑜𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 2,951,804.37 𝐵𝑇𝑈/ℎ𝑟

𝑚= 1.1𝑥 (70−55)℉
= 1.1 𝑥 (70−55)℉
= 178, 897. 23𝑐𝑓𝑚

Where:
m = Total Supply Air, cfm
Q = Cooling load
Ti = Maintaining Temperature Inside the Space = 70℉
To = Supply Air Temperature = 55℉ for supply cfm:

Source: http://8760engineeringblog.blogspot.com/2013/02/why-is-supply-airtemperature-55f.html

The total 178, 897. 23𝑐𝑓𝑚 supply of air based on the fresh air needed for an area of 1527.97 m2.

AREAS CFM m3/s

Comfort Room /Conference Room / Staff Room 977.34 0.46(3)

Stock Room 643.08 0.3

Speech Lab 1849.6 0.87

Library 3911.85 1.85

Computer Laboratory 2238.29 1.06

TOTAL 9620.16 Cfm 5.46 m3/s

Table 26. Airflow Volume per Room

38
CHAPTER 4
AIR CONDITIONING DESIGN

A. Gymnasium

Temperature Enthalpy Humidity Ratio

֯C (KJ/kg) (kg/kg)

Space 21.11 45 0.0092

Outdoor 36.7 (maximum) 104.8 0.0268

Mixed Air (Entering

the Coil) 24.23 56.96 0.0129

Air leaving the coil 11.8 33.45 0.0085

Table 27 . Indoor and Outdoor Air Condition of Gymnasium

Coil Capacity calculation for peak load:

(a) Air-conditioning entering the coil or mixed air
For energy and temperature balance:
h = 0.8(45 KJ/kg) + 0.2(104.8 KJ/kg) = 56.96KJ/kg
t = 0.8(21.11 ֯C) + 0.2(36.7 ֯C) = 24.23 ֯C
(b) Air-conditioning leaving the coil
(
𝐶𝑝 𝑡𝑐−𝑡𝑖 ) 𝑞𝑠
ℎ𝑐−ℎ𝑖
= 𝑞𝑠+𝑞𝑙

1(21.11−14) 76.43 𝑘𝑊
45−ℎ𝑖
= 76.43 𝑘𝑊+47.75 𝑘𝑊

ℎ𝑖 = 33.45 KJ/kg

(c) Mass rate of air entering the cooling coil.

76.43𝑘𝑊+47.5𝑘𝑊
𝑚= 45𝐾𝑗 33.45𝐾𝐽 = 10. 73 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
𝑘𝑔
− 𝑘𝑔

Required Air-conditiong Capacity = 10.73kg/s (56.96 -33.45) KJ/kg

AC Capacity = 252.26 kW

39
Using psychrometric chart:

Figure 3. Psychrometric Chart of Gymnasium Indoor and Outdoor Air Condition

B. Conference Room/Staff Room

Temperature Enthalpy Humidity Ratio

֯C (KJ/kg) (kg/kg)

Space 21.11 45 0.0092

Outdoor 36.7 (maximum) 104.8 0.0268

Mixed Air (Entering

the Coil) 24.23 56.96 0.0129

Air leaving the coil 11.1 31.1976 0.0081

Table 28. Indoor and Outdoor Air Condition of Conference Room

Coil Capacity calculation for peak load:

a) Air-conditioning entering the coil or mixed air
For energy and temperature balance:
h = 0.8(45 KJ/kg) + 0.2(104.8 KJ/kg) = 56.96KJ/kg
t = 0.8(21.11 ֯C) + 0.2(36.7 ֯C) = 24.23 ֯C
b) Air-conditioning leaving the coil
(
𝐶𝑝 𝑡𝑐−𝑡𝑖 ) 𝑞𝑠
ℎ𝑐−ℎ𝑖
= 𝑞𝑠+𝑞𝑙
1(21.11−14) 0.22𝑘𝑊
45−ℎ𝑖
= 0.22 𝑘𝑊+0.1848 𝑘𝑊

ℎ𝑖 = 31.9176 KJ/kg

40
 (c) Mass rate of air entering the cooling coil.
0.22𝑘𝑊+0.1848𝑘𝑊
𝑚= 45 𝐾𝑗 31.1976𝐾𝐽 = 0. 0293 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
𝑘𝑔
− 𝑘𝑔

Required Air-conditioning Capacity = 0.0293kg/s (56.96 -31.1976) KJ/kg

AC Capacity = 0.755 kW

Using psychrometric chart:

Figure 4. Psychrometric Chart of Conference/Staff Room Indoor and Outdoor Air

Condition

41
 C. Stock Room

Temperature Enthalpy Humidity Ratio

֯C (KJ/kg) (kg/kg)

Space 21.11 45 0.0092

Outdoor 36.7 (maximum) 104.8 0.0268

Mixed Air (Entering

the Coil) 24.23 56.96 0.0129

Air leaving the coil 11 31.7295 0.0079

Table 29. Indoor and Outdoor Air Condition of Stock Room

Coil Capacity calculation for peak load:

(a) Air-conditioning entering the coil or mixed air
For energy and temperature balance:
h = 0.8(45 KJ/kg) + 0.2(104.8 KJ/kg) = 56.96KJ/kg
t = 0.8(21.11 ֯C) + 0.2(36.7 ֯C) = 24.23 ֯C
(b) Air-conditioning leaving the coil
(
𝐶𝑝 𝑡𝑐−𝑡𝑖 ) 𝑞𝑠
ℎ𝑐−ℎ𝑖
= 𝑞𝑠+𝑞𝑙

1(21.11−14) 0.142𝑘𝑊
45−ℎ𝑖
= 0.142 𝑘𝑊+0.1232 𝑘𝑊

ℎ𝑖 = 31.7295 KJ/kg

(c) Mass rate of air entering the cooling coil.

0.142𝑘𝑊+0.1232𝑘𝑊
𝑚= 45𝐾𝑗 31.7295𝐽 = 0. 01998 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
𝑘𝑔
− 𝑘𝑔

Required Air-conditioning Capacity = 0.01998kg/s (56.96 -31.7295) KJ/kg

AC Capacity = 0.5041 kW

42
Using psychrometric chart:

Figure 5 . Psychrometric Chart of Staff Room Indoor and Outdoor Air Condition

D. Speech Lab

Temperature Enthalpy Humidity Ratio

֯C (KJ/kg) (kg/kg)

Space 21.11 45 0.0092

Outdoor 36.7 (maximum) 104.8 0.0268

Mixed Air (Entering

the Coil) 24.23 56.96 0.0129

Air leaving the coil 11.50 31.7295 0.0084

Table 30. Indoor and Outdoor Air Condition of Speech Lab

Coil Capacity calculation for peak load:

(a) Air-conditioning entering the coil or mixed air
For energy and temperature balance:
h = 0.8(45 KJ/kg) + 0.2(104.8 KJ/kg) = 56.96KJ/kg
t = 0.8(21.11 ֯C) + 0.2(36.7 ֯C) = 24.23 ֯C

43
(b) Air-conditioning leaving the coil
(
𝐶𝑝 𝑡𝑐−𝑡𝑖 ) 𝑞𝑠
ℎ𝑐−ℎ𝑖
= 𝑞𝑠+𝑞𝑙

1(21.11−14) 0.308𝑘𝑊
45−ℎ𝑖
= 0.308 𝑘𝑊+0.2464 𝑘𝑊

ℎ𝑖 = 32.202 KJ/kg

(c) Mass rate of air entering the cooling coil.

0.308𝑘𝑊+0.2464𝑘𝑊
𝑚= 45𝐾𝑗 32.202𝐽 = 0. 0433 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
𝑘𝑔
− 𝑘𝑔

Required Air-conditioning Capacity = 0.0433kg/s (56.96 – 32.202) KJ/kg

AC Capacity = 1.07202 kW
Using psychrometric chart:

Figure 6. Psychrometric Chart of Speech Lab Indoor and Outdoor Air Condition

44
 E. Library

Temperature Enthalpy Humidity Ratio

֯C (KJ/kg) (kg/kg)

Space 21.11 45 0.0092

Outdoor 36.7 (maximum) 104.8 0.0268

Mixed Air (Entering

the Coil) 24.23 56.96 0.0129

Air leaving the coil 11.65 32.375 0.0084

Table 31. Indoor and Outdoor Air Condition of Library

Coil Capacity calculation for peak load:

(a) Air-conditioning entering the coil or mixed air
For energy and temperature balance:
h = 0.8(45 KJ/kg) + 0.2(104.8 KJ/kg) = 56.96KJ/kg
t = 0.8(21.11 ֯C) + 0.2(36.7 ֯C) = 24.23 ֯C

(b) Air-conditioning leaving the coil

(
𝐶𝑝 𝑡𝑐−𝑡𝑖 ) 𝑞𝑠
ℎ𝑐−ℎ𝑖
= 𝑞𝑠+𝑞𝑙

1(21.11−14) 0.953𝑘𝑊
45−ℎ𝑖
= 0.953 𝑘𝑊+0.7392 𝑘𝑊

ℎ𝑖 = 32.375 KJ/kg

(c) Mass rate of air entering the cooling coil.

0.953𝑘𝑊+0.7392𝑘𝑊
𝑚= 45𝐾𝑗 32.375𝐽 = 0. 134 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
𝑘𝑔
− 𝑘𝑔

Required Air-conditioning Capacity = 0.134kg/s (56.96 – 32.375) KJ/kg

AC Capacity = 3.29439 kW

45
Using psychrometric chart:

Figure 7. Psychrometric Chart of Library Indoor and Outdoor Air Condition

F. Computer Laboratory

Temperature Enthalpy Humidity Ratio

֯C (KJ/kg) (kg/kg)

Space 21.11 45 0.0092

Outdoor 36.7 (maximum) 104.8 0.0268

Mixed Air (Entering

the Coil) 24.23 56.96 0.0129

Air leaving the coil 11.4 32.29 0.0084

Table 32. Indoor and Outdoor Air Condition of Computer Laboratory

Coil Capacity calculation for peak load:

(a) Air-conditioning entering the coil or mixed air

For energy and temperature balance:

h = 0.8(45 KJ/kg) + 0.2(104.8 KJ/kg) = 56.96KJ/kg

t = 0.8(21.11 ֯C) + 0.2(36.7 ֯C) = 24.23 ֯C

46
 (b) Air-conditioning leaving the coil

(
𝐶𝑝 𝑡𝑐−𝑡𝑖 ) 𝑞𝑠
ℎ𝑐−ℎ𝑖
= 𝑞𝑠+𝑞𝑙

1(21.11−14) 0.4693𝑘𝑊
45−ℎ𝑖
= 0.4693 𝑘𝑊+0.3696 𝑘𝑊

ℎ𝑖 = 32.29 KJ/kg

(c) Mass rate of air entering the cooling coil.

0.4693𝑘𝑊+0.3696𝑘𝑊
𝑚= 45𝐾𝑗 32.29𝐽 = 0. 066 𝑘𝑔/𝑠
𝑘𝑔
− 𝑘𝑔

Required Air-conditioning Capacity = 0.066kg/s (56.96 – 32.29) KJ/kg

AC Capacity = 1.62822 kW

Using psychrometric chart:

Figure 7. Psychrometric Chart of Computer Laboratory Indoor and Outdoor Air Condition

47
 AC Capacity/Coil Capacity AC Enthalpy
AREAS (kW) Capacity/Coil Difference
Capacity (KJ/kg)
(BTU/hr)

Gym (Court) 252.26 859977.27 11.55

Extension Building

● Conference Lab/ 0.76 2673.86 13.82

C.R./ Staff Room

● Stock Room 0.50 1718.52 13.27

● Speech Lab 1.07 3654.61 12.798

● Library 3.29 11230.875 12.625

● Computer Lab. 1.63 5550.75 12.71

Table 33. Coil Capacity of Gymnasium and Adjacent Building

48
CHAPTER 5
PLANT LAYOUT

V. Plant Layout

Figure 8. 2D Floor Plan with Air-conditioning System Design (Court & Building)

Figure 9. 2D Floor Plan with Air-conditioning System Design (Ground Floor)

49
Figure 10. 2D Floor Plan with Air-conditioning System Design (Second Floor)

Figure 11. 2D Floor Plan with Air-conditioning System Design (Roof Deck)

50
Figure 12. 3D [SW Isometric] Mechanical View of Air-conditioning System Design

Figure 13. 3D [NW Isometric] Mechanical View of Air-conditioning System Design

51
Figure 14. 3D [Side] Mechanical View of Air-conditioning System Design

Figure 15. 3D [Front] Mechanical View of Air-conditioning System Design

Figure 16. 3D [Back] Mechanical View of Air-conditioning System Design

52
 Figure 17. 3D [Top] Actual View of Air-conditioning System Design

Figure 18. 3D [SW Isometric] Actual View of Air-conditioning System Design

53
Figure 19. 3D [NW Isometric] Actual View of Air-conditioning System Design

Figure 20. 3D [Side] Actual View of Air-conditioning System Design

54
Figure 21. 3D [Front] Actual View of Air-conditioning System Design

Figure 22. 3D [Back] Actual View of Air-conditioning System Design

55
Figure 23. 3D [Inside Cam view Gym] Actual View of Air-Conditioning System Design

Figure 24. 3D [Inside Cam view of Library] Actual View of Air-Conditioning System
Design

56
 Figure 25. 3D [Cam view of Roof deck] Actual View of Air-Conditioning System Design

Figure 26. 3D [Gymnasium Floor Plan - 1 ] Actual View of Air-Conditioning System Design

57
Figure 27. 3D [Gymnasium Floor Plan - 2 ] Actual View of Air-Conditioning System Design

A. Air Control Systems

Figure 28. Diagram of Control System for Gymnasium

58
Figure 29. Diagram of Air Control System for Fan Coil Unit (FCU) per Room

Figure 30. Diagram of Air Control System for Extension Building

59
 B. DUCTINGS

SUPPLY AIR DUCTING

Equal Friction Method

All ducts in an equal friction design should have the same pressure loss per unit length.
Once the critical path has been identified, the duct losses can be calculated by multiplying the
design pressure loss (Z feet) by the critical path's total length divided by 100 feet.

For the Main Duct:

The total air to be supplied in the gymnasium is 24500 cfm.
From ASHRAE Table 7, the Recommended Maximum Duct Velocities for Low
Velocity Systems, 2000 fpm.
3
𝑓𝑡
𝑄 22500 𝑚𝑖𝑛 2
𝐴= 𝑉
= 𝑓𝑡 = 11. 25 𝑓𝑡
2000 𝑚𝑖𝑛

The computed area for the main duct is 11.25 sq ft, from the table 6 of the Carrier
Handbook, the recommended duct size of 116 inches by 18 inches.

For the Branch Ducts:

There 19 diffusers, thus each branch duct has to supply 1184.21 CFM of air.
3
𝑓𝑡 3
𝑄 24500 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑡
𝑞= 4
= 19
= 1184. 21 𝑚𝑖𝑛

From ASHRAE Table 7, the Recommended Maximum Duct Velocities for Low
Velocity Systems, 1600 fpm.
3
𝑓𝑡
𝑄 1184.21 𝑚𝑖𝑛 2
𝐴= 𝑉
= 𝑓𝑡 = 0. 74 𝑓𝑡
1600 𝑚𝑖𝑛

The computed area for each branch duct is 0.74 sq ft, from the table 6 Carrier
Handbook the recommended duct size of 12 inches by 10 inches

RETURN AIR DUCTING

For the Branch Duct:
There are 15 diffusers, each return diffuser must supply 1184.21 cfm.
3
𝑓𝑡
𝑄 1184.21 𝑚𝑖𝑛 2
𝐴= 𝑉
= 𝑓𝑡 = 0. 99 𝑓𝑡
1200 𝑚𝑖𝑛

The computed area for the branch duct is 0.99 sq. ft. From table 6 of Carrier
Handbook, the recommended duct size is 20 inches by 8 inches.

For the Main Duct:

Total return air is said to have an exhaust of 20% according to HVAC
Engineering.
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛 𝐴𝑖𝑟 = 22500 𝑐𝑓𝑚 − (22500 𝑐𝑓𝑚 𝑥 . 20) = 18000𝑐𝑓𝑚
3
𝑓𝑡
𝑄 18000 𝑚𝑖𝑛 2
𝐴= 𝑉
= 𝑓𝑡 = 10 𝑓𝑡
1800 𝑚𝑖𝑛

60
 C. FAN COIL

For piping size:

At table; Velocity for Fan Coil Unit (Carrier Handbook pp. 3-21)

24𝐺𝑝𝑚
0. 93 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑥 1𝑡𝑜𝑛
= 22. 32 𝐺𝑝𝑚
1𝑚𝑖𝑛 3
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 (22.32 𝐺𝑝𝑚)( 60𝑠
)(231𝑖𝑛 /𝑔𝑎𝑙)
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
= 2 12𝑖𝑛
6𝑓𝑡/𝑠 ( 𝑓𝑡 )

Area = 1.935 in2

R = (𝐴/π)

= (1. 935/π)
R = 0.78 in
D = 1.5696 in

D. INSULATION

Type of Materials Corresponding Temperature

Fiberglass Up to 850 ℉ (455 ℃)

Cakum silicate Up to 1200 ℉ (650 ℃)

Cellular glass Up to 1200 ℉ (650 ℃)

Polystyrene Up to 300 ℉ (150 ℃)

Elastomeric foam Up to 150 ℉ (75 ℃)

Polyurethane Up to 150 ℉ (65 ℃)

Phenolic foam Up to 212℉ (100 ℃)

Polyethylene Up to 165 ℉ (75 ℃)

INSULATION THICKNESS
According to ASHRAE Standards for different pipe size and temperature ranges.
According to the standard, for low temperature

Pipe Diameter (inches) Thickness (inches)

Less than or equal to 2 3/8

Greater than 2 1/2

61
Conduit through Pipes - Heat Transfer Calculation

(𝑇2−𝑇1)
𝑄=
𝑙𝑛 ( )
𝑑
𝑑
2
1
2π𝑘𝐿

Where:
Q = Heat transfer, W
K = Thermal conductivity, (0.034 for polyethylene),
T2 = Outside temperature
T1 = Temperature of the air leaving the coil
D2 = Outside Diameter
D1 = Inside Diameter
Length of Pipe = Estimated approximately to 48.16 meters.

𝑑𝑖 = 𝐷𝑜 − 2𝑡
3
𝑑𝑖 = 1. 5696𝑖𝑛 − 2( 8 𝑖𝑛)
𝑑𝑖 = 0. 8196 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠

For polyethylene:

(𝑇2−𝑇1)
𝑄=
𝑙𝑛( )𝐷
𝑑
𝑜
𝑖
2π𝑘𝐿

(36.7−11.6)𝐾
𝑄= 1.5696𝑖𝑛
𝑙𝑛⁡( 0.8196𝑖𝑛 )
0.034𝑊
2π( 𝑚
.𝐾)(48.16𝑚)

0.0083𝑘𝑊
𝑄= 𝑚
= 8. 3 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
Q = 0.397 kW or 379 watts heat loss from a pipe with a length of 48.16 meters.

Note: allowable heat loss from FCU lines pipe is 80 watts per meter. Thus, 8.3 watts per meter

is an acceptable value as an insulator.

(Source: https://www.pipingengineer.org/calculation-of-insulation-thickness-for-pipes.)

62
CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION

The air conditioning system creates an environment where people tend to feel extremely

comfortable. In such conditions, human efficiency reaches its peak, enabling them to work with

high energy. The PUP Gymnasium requires a proper ventilation and air conditioning system,

which necessitates the application of scientific principles to understand the behavior and

properties of air, calculate equipment needs, and size the pipes or ducts. This system

significantly influences the health and safety of students and faculty. Extreme heat adversely

affects mental and physical performance, and the use of air conditioning can help mitigate these

effects both at work and during leisure time. A well-maintained air conditioning system aids in

keeping out external allergens like pollen. The cooling load of the PUP Gymnasium

encompasses appliances, outdoor air, occupants, lighting, ventilation, and the indoor building

envelope walls, among other things. The ventilation loads and building envelope are the primary

contributors.

The overall cooling load from mere factors equipped for the PUP gymnasium to use a

260kW Air Handling Unit (AHU) and a Chiller for the court and 10 Fan Coil Units (FCU) with a

capacity of 5.28kW and 2 VRF Condensers with a capacity of 30kW will be used for the

extension building.

63
CHAPTER 7

CATALOG
A. AIR HANDLING UNITS (AHU)
An air handling unit (AHU) is a collection of elements mounted in large, accessible
box-shaped units called modules that house the necessary ventilation for purifying,
air-conditioning, or renewing the indoor air in a building or premises.
They are typically installed on the roofs of buildings and circulate air through ducts to each
of the rooms in the building in question.
The AHU specification for PUP gymnasium will be based on the cooling load calculation with a
total of 252 kW.

Model Selection of AHU for PUP Gymnasium

Based on the cooling load, the recommended AHU is 1 unit with a model LPCP50. The
specifications are presented at the table below.

Air Handling Unit (AHU)

260 kW
Air-conditioning Handling Unit (AHU) Design Specifications

B. Model Selection of Chiller for Gymnasium

64
 B. Model Selection of Chiller for Gymnasium

260 kW Chiller

The 260 KW chiller is a tough, portable fluid chiller designed for large applications such
as process cooling, temporary body storage, facilities, and hospitals. The unit can be quickly
connected to existing pipework and can cool fluids to as low as -5 C in minutes. The 260 KW
model is specifically designed for use in commercial and industrial environments where low
temperatures are required. It can be configured with a heat pump option to provide clients with
heating as well as cooling.

Chiller Design Specifications

● Nominal cooling duty 260 KW

● Power supply 415 V 3 ph +E 50 Hz Run 144A

● Plug type Hard wired 4 x 95 mm2

● Noise level (max) 80 dBA @ 3 meters / 97 LWA @ 3 meters

● Weight 2,810 kg

● Dimensions (L x W x H) 4,874 x 2,282 x 2,190 mm

● Control Automatic programmer

● Average power consumption 44.8 kW/h

● Generator size 140 kVA

● Water connection 80 mm (3") bauer

● Nominal water flow 12 l/s

● Low temperature Down to -5 oC

65
 C. Model Selection of Fan coil for Adjacent Building

Fan Coil Unit (FCU)

5.28 kW

Fan Coil Design Specifications

D. Model Selection for Coil Insulation

66
 E. Model Selection of Condenser for the Extension Building

The condenser design for the adjacent building is based on the cooling capacity of the
Fan Coil Units (FCU) with 5.28kW with a total of 52.8 kW for 10 units in the Extension Building.
2 Condensers with a capacity of 30 kW will be installed at the roof deck of the building.

Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Condensing Unit

30 kW

67
Condenser Design Specification

68
APPENDICES

69
FIGURES

70
71
72
73
TABLES

74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
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EDvklw_01DgQ

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84