Prepared by: Sarah Choo B.Sc.

PSLE YHARTY SCIENCE

EPH ANSWERS (2018-2020)
2020 s. (1)
Explonotion:
Booklet A Moss is o non-flowering plont ond
1. (1) thus there is no need for pollinotors
(butterflies) ond since there is no fruit
Explonotion:
produced bg moss, there is no need
Frogs log eggs, hove moist skin ond
hove three-stoge life cgcle.
for onimols to help disperse fruits.
Moss grow well under shode. Theg
Grosshoppers loU eggs, hove
exoskeleton ond hove three-stoge mog lose woter quicklg ond die if
life cgcle. exposed to direct sunlight.

2. (4) 6. (2)
Explonotion:
Explqnotion: 21o/oof oxugen is breothed in ond 16%
Food posses through the digestive of oxggen is breothed out. Thus, onlg
sgstem in the following order: mouth,
5% of oxugen, not oll of the oxugen,
gullet, stomoch, smoll intestine, lorge
entered the blood.
intestine.

3. (1)
7. (4)
Explonotion:
Explonotion: Plonts need corbon dioxide (which
Digestion tokes ploce in the mouth, enters the plont through stomoto),
stomoch ond smoll intestine. In light (tropped bg chlorophgll
the smoll intestine, digestion is contoined in chloroplosts) ond woter
completed, ond digested food is (enters the plonts through roots ond
obsorbed bg the blood. Woter is corried bg woter-corrging tubes) to
reobsorbed from the undigested corru out photosgnthesis.
food in the lorge intestine. The lorge Note: Photosgnthesis con be
intestine does not digest food. summorised bg this equotion.
corbon dioxide + woter + sugor (food)
4. (3)
+ oxugen
Explonotion:
Nucleus (B) ond cgtoplosm (D) ore 8. (3)
both found in plont ond onimol cells. Explonotion:
The cell woll (A) ond chloroplost (C) Liquid woter enters the roots ond
ore not found in onimql cells. woter vopour leoves the plonts
through the stomoto.

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PSLE Yearlg Science - Answers
e. (3) 12. (4)
Explonotion: Explonotion:
There ore 5 months of roin (5 units or Blood thot flows in the blood vessels
more) from June to October which from the lungs corrg the most omount
ollow rice to be grown. There ore of oxggen. This blood rich in oxugen
5 months of roin (2 units or less) is then pumped bg the heort to other
from Nov to Mor which ollow borleg ports of the bodg where the oxggen
to be grown. is groduollg used up ond the blood
becomes richer in corbon dioxide.
10. (2) The blood which corries more corbon
Explonotion: dioxide then goes bock to the heort
The diogrom on the left shows to be pumped to the lungs so thot
flowers which need to undergo corbon dioxide is releosed to the
pollinotion ond then fertilisotion in environment ond oxggen is token into
order for fruits to be developed os the lungs ond into the blood vessels
shown in the diogrom on the right. to be tronsported to other ports of
Seed dispersol ond germinotion hove the bodg ogoin.
not get occurred.
Note: Once fertilisotion hos occurred, 13. (4)
the ovorg of the flower will grow Explonotion:
into o fruit while the ovules inside When the temperoture increoses,
the ovorg will develop into seeds. the colour of the woter becomes
dorker pink. This suggests thot more
11. (4) red substonce hos moved out of the
Explonotion: cells. The cell membrone controls the
The popers thot ore clipped to both substonces thot move in ond out of
surfoces of the leof ot 40 "C took o cells.
shorter time to turn pink thon the Note: The rigid cell woll provides
popers thot ore clipped to the leof support to the cell ond ollows oll
of 30 "C. Hence, stotement 1 is not substonces to poss through.
correct.
The results do not show whether the 14. (2)
number of openings (stomoto) will Explonotion:
chonge with temperoture. Hence, As seen from the chort, M ond N hove
stotement 2 is not correct. three poirs of legs while L hos o poir
At both temperotures, the poper of legs. M hos wings (two poirs) ond N
clipped to the lower leof surfoce took hos no wings. All the three orgonisms
o shorter time to turn pink, thus it in the chort log eggs.
meons woter escope foster through
the lower leof surfoce. 15. (2)
Note: The lower leof surfoce loses Explonotion:
woter foster becouse the lower leof In order to support the heovg objects,
surfoce hos more openings (stomoto) the contoiner must be strong (high
thon the upper leof surfoce. strength to withstond lorge forces
without breoking).

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 PSLE Yeorlg Science - Answerc
16. (4) 1e. (1)
Explonotion: Exolonotion:
Option 1 (fixed shope, fixed volume) Note thot the rings ore ploced one
shows the properties of o solid. ot o time on the holder. Thus, H
Option 3 (no fixed shope, fixed ond J must be the mognets which
volume) shows the properties of o repel eoch other to creote the spoce
liquid. between them. When G ond F ore
A gos hos no fixed shope (tokes the ploced on the holder, the repulsion
shope of ong contoiner it is in) ond between H ond J still creotes o spoce
no fixed volume (con be compressed). between.
Note: With the weights of F ond G
17. (3) exerted on H, the spoce between H
Explonotion: ond J is expected to be smoller.
Let's lobel the other two bulbs E ond
F.

mognetic
repulsive
force weight
lorger ofFondG
like poles,
focing spocing smoller
eoch other spocing

Use gour finger to cover eoch bulb. 20. (3)

When A is blown, electric current Explonotion:
con flow through the smoll loop When woter chonges from gos
contoining three bulbs B, E ond C. to liquid, the process is known os
When B is blown, electric current con condensotion. Heot is lost bg the
flow through five bulbs A, D, E, F ond goseous woter to the surroundings
c. to become liquid woter.
When C is blown, the circuit is opened, Note: There is no chonge in
no current con flow. temperoture when goseous woter
When D is blown, electric current con ot 100"C becomes liquid woter ot
flow through five bulbs A, B, E, F ond 100oC but there is still heot loss
c. to the surroundings to couse the
condensotion. Similorlg there is no
18. (3) chonge in temperoture when ice
Explonotion: ot 0"C becomes liquid woter ot 0"C
Woter is o poor conductor of heot. It but there is still heot goin from the
will toke time for the heot to move surroundings to couse the melting.
down to the ice cube to melt it.
boiling woter (hot)

waler
heot
wire mesh

ic cube
(cold)

Note: The purpose of the wire mesh

is to hold the ice cube to the bottom
of the woter os ice floots on woter.
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PSLE Yearlg Science - Answers

21' (2) 24. (4)

Explonotion: Explonotion:
S ond T ore in series. R is in porollel Metol will sink in woter ond does not
with S ond T. Hence, o lorger electric ollow light to poss through it.
current flows through R cousing R Note: Moteriol A could be cleor plostic
to be brighter thon S ond T in this since cleor plostic floots in woter ond
current circuit. To ollow oll bulbs to ollows light to poss through.
light up with equol brightness, odd Moteriol C could be gloss since gloss
one identicol bulb in series with R sinks in woter ond ollows light to poss
so thot there is on equol omount of through.
electric current flowing through the
two bronches. 25. (3)
Explonotion:

solid P liquidP I I

oore
1 80'C 420"C
170"C 21 0'C

soride ,,o,,oo gos Q

|
22. (4)
At 350"C, substonce P is o liquid ond
Explonotion: substonceQisogos.
The elostic spring force is onlg present
in the compressed spring thot is in 26. (4)
contoct with the block. Once the Explonotion:
block is pushed owog ond is not in When screen Y wos moved owog from
contoct with the spring, there is no plote X, the distonce between lomp
elostic spring force octing on the M ond light sensor 5 increosed. As o
block. Hence, options 1 ond 2 ore result of
decreosing light intensitg
ncorrect.
i
the reoding on S decreosed slowlg
At X, grovitotionol force is octing on from 50 units to 40 units.
the block (pulling it downwords), os
light sensor S
well os frictionol force octing in the
opposite direction where the block is
moving towords (slowing it down).
Note: Grovitotionol force octs on oll
objects on Eorth oll the time.
increosing distonce
23. (3) At the some time, the size of the
Explonotion: shodow of plote X increosed. Once
Bg heoting the holden the holder will the shodow of the plote X covered
expond ond thus ollow more spoce for the light sensol the reoding of the
the metol boll (no chonge in size) to light sensor dropped to 0 units.
come out from the holder.
Note: Another wog we con think of is
to cool down the metol boll so thot
it controcts.

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 PSLE Yearlg Science - Answers
27. (3) 30. (o) E - Bg wind
Explonotion: F - BU the splitting / explosive
Set-up P consists of o bigger beoker, oction
ond thus the exposed surfoce oreo (b) Splitting of seeds prevents
of the woter is lorger; which leods to overcrowding ond reduces
more evoporotion of the woter. More competition for nutrients,
woter vopour condenses on the cooler sunlight, woter ond spoce. / The
surfoce ond thus more woter droplets seeds of F do not relg on ogents
formed. such os wind, which is not olwogs
present, to be dispersed.
28. (4) (Ang one)
(c) To vorg the omount of wind, one
In the originol set-up (Diogrom 1), wog is to odjust the speed of
the end of the electromognet focing one fon. Another wog is to use
the N-pole of the mognet is olso the different number of fons (fewer
N-pole due to the repulsion shown. fons for less wind, more fons for
more wind).
pushI......"..".."......."".."""""""""."-
.+l N
iron rod
--t-- s magnet
I

31. (o) P-Stem Q-Leoves

(b) H represents woter ond minerol
With the botterg connected in the solts. Woter ond minerol solts
opposite direction, the pole of the enter the roots ond move up the
electromognet should now be S-pole stem to the leoves ond flowers
ond thus the diogrom must show through the woter-corrging
o pull between (the S-pole of) the tubes.
electromognet ond the N-pole of the
mognet. 32. (o) The breothing tubes of the
mosquito lorvo is covered bg the
loger of oil. The mosquito lorvo
ootteru 5 con no longer receive oxugen
from the oir ond dies.
(b) (i) More mosquito A will be
Booklet B ottrocted to o shirt if it hos
29. (o) The circulotorg sustem tronsports the smell releosed bg molorio-
oxugen, woter ond digested food infected children.
to oll ports of the bodg where (ii) A white shirt will ollow
theg ore needed, ond corries Joel to be oble to see the
woste products like corbon mosquitoes cleorlg ond count
dioxide owog from oll ports of them occurotelg. Using o
the bodg to be removed. block shirt decreoses the
(b) Heort visibilitg of the mosquitoes
(c) Blood ond blood vessels due to the mosquitoes being
comoufloged bg the block
colour of the shirt.

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 PSLE Yeorlg Science - Answers
(iii) Joel's results show thot 34. (o) The ting orgonisms in the cleor
mosquitoes ore ottrocted contoiner could receive light ond
to the smell produced thus photosgnthesise to give out
bg infected people. The oxugen. The ting orgonisms in
contoiner which stores the the block contoiner could not
smell produced bg infected receive light ond thus unoble
people con be used to ottroct to photosgnthesise to give out
ond trop mosquitoes which oxugen.
will then leod to fewer bites (b) The number of ting orgonisms
on people. in eoch contoiner mog not be
(Ang other possible onswers the some ot the stort of the
reloting to the use of the experiment. / The contoiners mog
contoiner storing the smell contoin different omounts of
of infected people) corbon dioxide ot the stort of the
experiment. / The temperoture
33. (o) Bees ore pollinotorsthot help to of the contoiners mog not be
corrg ond tronsfer pollen groins the some ot the stort of the
from the onthers to the stigmos experiment.
on the some flowers or between (Ang one)
flowers.
Note: After pollinotion, 3s. (o) Boiling is the chonge of stote of
fertilisotion con then toke ploce o substonce from liquid to gos ot
in the ovorg of the flowers. its boiling point.
(b) The contoiners ore of the some (b) Cover the outside of the pot with
size ond ploced in the some coge. on insuloting moteriol. / Ploce the
The onlg vorioble is the presence pot on top of o heot insulotor
of substonce N. / The bees enter (e.9. o cork cooster) insteod of o
the coge in the middle thot is metol tobletop. / Ploce o heoting
ot equol distonces from the two element inside the woter.
contoiners ot the two sides. (Ang one)
(Ang one)
Note: In o foir test, onlg one 36. (o) The metol boll is non-mognetic,
foctor is chonged. ond thus it is not ottrocted to the
(c) The obsence of substonce N in strong mognet.
contoiner R couses o decreose (b) Poth R. As iron is o mognetic
in the number of bees visiting moteriol, it is ottrocted bg / pulled
the contoiner over the 10 dogs. towords the strong mognet ond
The presence of substonce N in hence it chonges in direction of
contoiner S couses on increose in motion.
the number of bees visiting the
contoiner over the 10 dogs. 37. (o) The wheels on the wogon
reduced the friction between the
moss ond the trock, thus the troin
moved foster.

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 PSLE Yeorlg Science
- Answers
(b) Grovitotionol force is octing on 39. (o) Copper is o good conductor of
the troin ond the moss thot it electricitg.
is tronsporting, thus the troin (b) When the switch is closed, o
moved up the slope slowlg. / As closed circuit is formed, electricitg
the troin moved up the slope, flows through the circuit
electricol energu is converted to ond the fixed metol cglinder
grovitotionol potentiol energg. becomes on electromognet. The
The troin hos less kinetic energU electromognet ottrocts the iron
ond so it moved up the slope bolt ond the iron bolt moves
slowlg. owog from the cotch ond unlocks
Note: You con exploin in terms the door.
of force or in terms of energg (c) Use o stronger spring. When
conversions. the switch is opened, the
(Ang one) electromognet loses its mognetism
(c) The front wogon ring is mode of ond no longer ottrocts the iron
plostic moteriol which is flexible bolt. The g reoter/stronger elostic
ond so it bends os the two rings spring force from the compressed
pull eoch other. As o result, the spring will then push the iron
opening of the wogon ring bolt into the cotch deeper. / Use o
enlorges ollowing the ring of the stronger electromognet (or more
troin to move out of the opening. botteries, more coils oround the
metol cglinder). When the switch
38. (o) When releosing the wooden strip is closed, the electromognet
with plosticine ot A, there must will exert o stronger ottroctive
be no pushing force octing on force on the iron bolt therebg
the wooden strip. / The storting compressing the spring more.
position where the wooden strip When the switch is opened, the
is releosed must be fixed ond spring will exert o greoter push
consistent in eoch experiment. / on the iron bolt.
Length of the strings Explonotion:
(Ang one)
(b) As the moss of the plosticine
increoses, the time token for ten
complete swings vories / stogs electromognet
pulling the iron
oround '15.0 s. bolt towords it
(Ang one) (to the right)
(c) Keep positions A ond B consistent closed
or ot the some height throughout switch
the experiment. / Repeot the exerting o pushing
meosurement for eoch moss ond force on the iron bolt
toke the overoge reoding. / Toke (to thF left)
meosurements for more different
mosses. / Meosure the time for
twentu complete swings insteod
of ten.
(Ang one)

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PSLE Yeorlg Science - Answers

40. (o) When the cold pock of brown 2019
sousoges wos token out of the
freezer, the wormer woter vopour Booklet A
in the surrounding oir come into '1. (4)
contoct with the colder surfoce Explonotion:
of the cleor plostic contoining Plont cells hove chloroplosts to corrg
the frozen sousoges, cousing the out photosgnthesis.
woter vopour to lose heot ond
condense into woter droplets.
The woter droplets continued to
lose heot to the trozen sousoges nucleus (z) (4)

ond eventuollg the temperoture ch loroplost

of the woter droplets become
low enough to reoch the freezing
point ond the woter droplets 2. (4)
turned into ice. The white solid Explonotion:
seen on the surfoce of the plostic In the chort, onimols under the
wropping is ice. clossificotion 'X' hove scoles ond
(b) After some time, the white o shell. We con observe from the
solid (ice) goins heot from the diogrom thot onimol Q (turtle) hos
surrounding ond melts to form these cho rocteristics.
woter droplets. In the chort, onimols under the
Note: After some time, due to the clossificotion 'Y' do not hove scoles.
heot goined bg the sousoges from We con observe from the diogrom thot
the surrounding, the sousoges onimol R (frog) hos this chorocteristic.
will no longer be os cold os when Animol P (lizord) hos scoles.
theg were just token out of the
f reezer. 3. (3)
Explonotion:
In o plont, woter from the roots moves
up the stem to the leoves ond flowers.
Food or sugor (substonce P) mode in
the leoves moves to oll ports of the
plonts.

Et=
Leof '\ ,,,'Flower
stem I rvr I

i Food
V
noot l--c I

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