WAX PATTERN
Objectives
Determine the importance of the accurate
wax pattern and its relation to success of
fixed restoration.
Identify the different types of wax used in
pattern construction.
Discuss the step-by-step wax pattern
construction
Contents
❑ Objectives of wax pattern construction
❑ Die preparation
❑ Type and composition of pattern wax
❑ Step by step of wax pattern construction
Objectives of Wax Pattern
construction
Objectives of Wax Pattern
construction
Die preparation
1. Die trimming.
2. Blocking of undercuts.
3. Die hardener
4. Marking of the finish line..
5. Provision of space for the
luting agent (Application of die
spacer).
Die preparation
1.Die trimming (Gross
trimming)
Die preparation
1.Die trimming (Gross
trimming)
Die preparation
1.Die trimming (Gross
trimming)
Die preparation
1.Die trimming (Fine trimming)
Die preparation
1.Die trimming (Fine trimming)
Die preparation
1.Die trimming (Fine trimming)
Die preparation
1.Die trimming
Die preparation
1.Die trimming
Die preparation
1.Die trimming
Die preparation
2. Blocking undercut
Die preparation
3. Finish line marking
Die preparation
3. Finish line marking
Die preparation
Provision of space for the luting agent
1. Increasing the space for the
luting agent.
2. Decreasing the space for the
luting agent.
Die preparation
Provision of space for the luting agent
1. Increasing the space for the luting agent.
•Increased polymerization shrinkage of the impression.
•Use of solid cast with individual die system.
•Use of initial layer of soft wax in the wax pattern.
•Use of die spacers
•Increased expansion of the investment material or mold.
•Removal of metal from the fitting surface.
Die preparation
Provision of space for the luting agent
1. Decreasing the space for the luting agent.
•Decreasing the polymerization shrinkage of the impression.
•Use of resin die.
•Use of alloy with higher melting temperature.
•Reduced expansion of the investment.
Die preparation
4. Die spacer
CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL WAXES
INLAY WAX
Used to form the general predetermined size and
contour of an artificial dental restoration which is to
be constructed of a more durable material as cast
gold alloys, cobalt-chromium-nickel alloys.
CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL WAXES
Pattern wax Type I Type II
Hardness Medium hardness Softer hardness
Uses Direct in oral cavity Indirect on the die
Solidification Solidify at mouth Solidify at room
temperature temperature
Composition
of the pattern wax
Composition Paraffin wax Dammar resin Carnauba & Dyes
(40-60%) (1%) candelilla wax
25%
Function Main -Reduce flakes Raise the melting Provide color
component -Improve temperature contracts
smoothness
Ideal Requirements of Inlay wax
• When softened, the wax should be uniform. There
should be no graininess or hard spots in the plastic
material.
• The color should contrast with the die.
• There should be no flakiness or roughening of the
surface when the wax is molded after softening.
• The wax should not pull or chip during carving.
• During burnout(500°C), it should vaporize
completely without residue.
• The wax pattern should be completely rigid &
dimensionally stable at all times until it is
eliminated.
• It should be sufficiently plastic slightly above
mouth temp. & become rigid when cooled at
mouth temp.
• The flow should be more than 75% at 45°C &
less than 1% at 37°C.
Properties
Flow:
Type I : when heated at 45°C,melts & flow
cools & hardens at 37°C.
Type II : it hardens at 25-30°C. more suitable for
laboratory work
Thermal Properties:
thermal conductivity: Low
COTE: High.
Wax Distortion:
• Most serious problem Due to release of stresses
in the pattern.
• To avoid :
1.use warm instruments for carving.
2.minimal carving and change in temp.
3.minimal storage of pattern.(Invest
immediately).
Excess residue (0.1%):
For the sake of accuracy in the object produced,
if excess residue remains after melted wax is
removed, inaccuracies may occur. (lost wax
technique procedure)
Indirect Wax Pattern Construction
Steps
Instruments: B.K. THOMAS Wax Set
1. Correction of defects.
2. Die hardening.
3. Marking of the margin.
4. Creation of an adequate cement space.
5. Separating medium for easy wax separation.
6. Wax coping.
(Wax Pot)
(Wax Dipping)
A B
7. Occlusal cusps cones.
7. Occlusal cusps cones.
8. Proximal surfaces.
8. Proximal surfaces.
9. Axial surfaces.
9. Axial surfaces.
9. Axial surfaces.
Emergency profile:
Contour of the restoration or tooth when it emerges
from the gingiva to the height of contour
10. Finishing the occlusal surface.
Occlusal Schemes:
1. Cusp-marginal ridge
2. Cusp-fossa.
11. Margination.
SUMMARY
If the waxing procedure is followed in a sequential order,
operators should have no problem achieving excellent
results.
With more experience, they can combine and modify
some of these steps.
Identify each step of full metal crown construction in
the following diagram?
What are the primary components of inlay casting
waxes?
What is wax “memory,” and how does it affect the
various technical procedures?
Reference
Chapter 18 Contemporary Fixed
Prosthodontics 5th Edition Page
489-513
Thank
You
