Set theory

1. The set of intelligent students in a class is

(a) A null set
(b) A singleton set
(c) A finite set
(d) Not a well defined collection
2. Which of the following is the empty set
(a) { x : x is a real number and x 2  1  0}
(b) {x : x is a real number and x 2  1  0}
(c) {x : x is a real number and x 2  9  0}
(d) {x : x is a real number and x 2  x  2}
3. The set A  { x : x  R, x 2  16 and 2 x  6} equals
(a)  (b) {14, 3, 4}
(c) {3} (d) {4}
4. If a set A has n elements, then the total number of subsets of A is
(a) n (b) n 2
(c) 2 n
(d) 2n
5. The number of proper subsets of the set {1, 2, 3} is
(a) 8 (b) 7
(c) 6 (d) 5
6. Given the sets A  {1, 2, 3}, B  {3,4 } , C = {4, 5, 6}, then A  (B  C) is
(a) {3} (b) {1, 2, 3, 4}
(c) {1, 2, 4, 5} (d) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
7. If A and B are any two sets, then A  ( A  B) is equal to
(a) A (b) B
(c) A c
(d) B c
8. If A and B are two given sets, then A  ( A  B)c is equal to
(a) A (b) B
(c)  (d) A  B c
9. If the sets A and B are defined as
1
A  {( x , y ) : y  , 0  x  R}
x
B  {( x , y ) : y   x , x  R } , then
(a) A  B  A (b) A  B  B
(c) A  B   (d) None of these
10. Let A  [ x : x  R,| x |  1]; B  [ x : x  R,| x  1 |  1] and A  B  R  D, then the set D is
(a) [ x : 1  x  2] (b) [ x : 1  x  2]
(c) [ x : 1  x  2] (d) None of these
11. If the sets A and B are defined as A  {( x , y ) : y  e x , x  R} ; B  {( x , y) : y  x , x  R}, then
(a) B  A (b) A  B
(c) A  B   (d) A  B  A
12. If X  {4 n  3 n  1 : n  N } and Y  {9(n  1) : n  N }, then X  Y is equal to
(a) X (b) Y
(c) N (d) None of these
13. Let n(U)  700 , n( A)  200 , n(B)  300 and n( A  B)  100 , then n( A c  B c ) 
(a) 400 (b) 600
(c) 300 (d) 200
14. In a town of 10,000 families it was found that 40% family buy newspaper A, 20% buy newspaper
B and 10% families buy newspaper C, 5% families buy A and B, 3% buy B and C and 4% buy A
and C. If 2% families buy all the three newspapers, then number of families which buy A only is
(a) 3100 (b) 3300
(c) 2900 (d) 1400
15. In a city 20 percent of the population travels by car, 50 percent travels by bus and 10 percent
travels by both car and bus. Then persons travelling by car or bus is
(a) 80 percent (b) 40 percent
(c) 60 percent (d) 70 percent
16. In a class of 55 students, the number of students studying different subjects are 23 in Mathematics,
24 in Physics, 19 in Chemistry, 12 in Mathematics and Physics, 9 in Mathematics and Chemistry,
7 in Physics and Chemistry and 4 in all the three subjects. The number of students who have taken
exactly one subject is
(a) 6 (b) 9
(c) 7 (d) All of these
17. If A, B and C are any three sets, then A × (B  C) is equal to
(a) (A × B)  (A × C) (b) (A  B) × (A  C)
(c) (A × B)  (A × C) (d) None of these
18. If A, B and C are any three sets, then A – (B  C) is equal to
(a) (A – B)  (A – C) (b) (A – B)  (A – C)
(c) (A – B)  C (d) (A – B)  C
19. If A, B and C are non-empty sets, then (A – B)  (B – A) equals
(a) (A  B) – B (b) A – (A  B)
(c) (A  B) – (A  B) (d) (A  B)  (A  B)
20. If A  {2, 4 , 5}, B  {7, 8, 9}, then n( A  B) is equal to
(a) 6 (b) 9
(c) 3 (d) 0
21. If the set A has p elements, B has q elements, then the number of elements in A × B is
(a) p  q (b) p  q  1
(c) pq (d) p 2
22. If A  {a, b}, B  {c, d }, C  {d , e }, then
{(a, c), (a, d ), (a, e ), (b, c), (b, d ), (b, e )} is equal to
(a) A  (B  C) (b) A  (B  C)
(c) A × (B  C) (d) A × (B  C)
23. If P, Q and R are subsets of a set A, then R × (Pc  Qc)c =
(a) (R × P)  (R × Q) (b) (R  Q )  (R  P )
(c) (R  P )  (R  Q ) (d) None of these
24. In rule method the null set is represented by
(a) {} (b) 
(c) { x : x  x } (d) { x : x  x }
25. A  { x : x  x } represents
(a) {0} (b) {}
(c) {1} (d) {x}
 1 
26. If Q   x : x  , where y  N  , then
 y 
(a) 0  Q (b) 1  Q
 2
(c) 2  Q (d) Q
3
27. Which set is the subset of all given sets
(a) {1, 2, 3, 4,......} (b) {1}
(c) {0} (d) {}
28. Let S  {0, 1, 5, 4 , 7} . Then the total number of subsets of S is
(a) 64 (b) 32
(c) 40 (d) 20
29. The number of non-empty subsets of the set {1, 2, 3, 4} is
(a) 15 (b) 14
(c) 16 (d) 17
30. The smallest set A such that A  {1, 2} = {1, 2, 3, 5, 9} is
(a) {2, 3, 5} (b) {3, 5, 9}
(c) {1, 2, 5, 9} (d) None of these
31. If A  B = B, then
(a) A  B (b) B  A
(c) A   (d) B  
32. If A and B are two sets, then A  B  A  B iff
(a) A  B (b) B  A
(c) A  B (d) None of these
33. Let A and B be two sets. Then
(a) A  B  A  B (b) A  B  A  B
(c) A  B = A  B (d) None of these
34. Let A  {( x , y ) : y  e x , x  R} , B  {( x , y ) : y  e  x , x  R}. Then
(a) A  B   (b) A  B  
(c) A  B  R 2 (d) None of these
35. If A = {2, 3, 4, 8, 10}, B = {3, 4, 5, 10, 12},
C = {4, 5, 6, 12, 14} then (A  B)  (A  C) is equal to
(a) {3, 4, 10} (b) {2, 8, 10}
(c) {4, 5, 6} (d) {3, 5, 14}
36. If A and B are any two sets, then A  (A  B) is equal to
(a) A (b) B
(c) A c (d) B c
37. If A, B, C be three sets such that A  B = A  C and A  B = A  C, then
(a) A = B (b) B = C
(c) A = C (d) A = B = C
38. Let A = {a, b, c}, B = {b, c, d}, C = {a, b, d, e}, then A  (B  C) is
(a) {a, b, c} (b) {b, c, d}
(c) {a, b, d, e} (d) {e}
39. If A and B are sets, then A  (B – A) is
(a)  (b) A
(c) B (d) None of these
40. If A and B are two sets, then A  ( A  B) is equal to
(a) A (b) B
(c)  (d) None of these
41. Let U  {1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 } , A  {1, 2, 5}, B  {6, 7} , then A  B is
(a) B  (b) A
(c) A (d) B
42. If A is any set, then
 (a) A  A    (b) A  A   U
(c) A  A  U (d) None of these
43. If N a  [an : n  N }, then N 5  N 7 
(a) N 7 (b) N
(c) N 35 (d) N 5
(e) N 12
44. If aN  {ax : x  N }, then the set 3 N  7 N is
(a) 21 N (b) 10 N
(c) 4 N (d) None of these
45. The shaded region in the given figure is A
(a) A  (B  C)
(b) A  (B  C)
(c) A  (B – C) C B
(d) A – (B  C)
46. If A and B are two sets then (A – B)  (B – A)  (A  B) is equal to
(a) A  B (b) A  B
(c) A (d) B
47. Let A and B be two sets then ( A  B)  ( A   B) is equal to
(a) A (b) A
(c) B (d) None of these
48. Let U be the universal set and A  B  C  U . Then {( A  B)  (B  C )  (C  A)} is equal to
(a) A  B  C (b) A  (B  C )
(c) A  B  C (d) A  (B  C )
49. If n( A)  3 , n(B)  6 and A  B . Then the number of elements in A  B is equal to
(a) 3 (b) 9
(c) 6 (d) None of these
50. Let A and B be two sets such that n( A)  0 .16 , n(B)  0.14 , n( A  B)  0 .25 . Then n( A  B) is equal
(a) 0.3 (b) 0.5
(c) 0.05 (d) None of these
51. If A and B are disjoint, then n( A  B) is equal to
(a) n(A) (b) n(B )
(c) n( A)  n(B) (d) n( A). n(B)
52. If A and B are not disjoint sets, then n( A  B) is equal to
(a) n( A)  n(B) (b) n( A)  n(B)  n( A  B)
(c) n( A)  n(B)  n( A  B) (d) n( A)n(B)
(e) n( A)  n(B)
53. In a battle 70% of the combatants lost one eye, 80% an ear, 75% an arm, 85% a leg, x% lost all
the four limbs. The minimum value of x is
(a) 10 (b) 12
(c) 15 (d) None of these
54. Out of 800 boys in a school, 224 played cricket, 240 played hockey and 336 played basketball.
Of the total, 64 played both basketball and hockey; 80 played cricket and basketball and 40 played
cricket and hockey; 24 played all the three games. The number of boys who did not play any game
is
(a)128 (b) 216
(c) 240 (d) 160
55. A survey shows that 63% of the Americans like cheese whereas 76% like apples. If x% of the
Americans like both cheese and apples, then
(a) x  39 (b) x  63
(c) 39  x  63 (d) None of these
56. 20 teachers of a school either teach mathematics or physics. 12 of them teach mathematics while 4
teach both the subjects. Then the number of teachers teaching physics only is
(a) 12 (b) 8
(c) 16 (d) None of these
57. Of the members of three athletic teams in a school 21 are in the cricket team, 26 are in the hockey
team and 29 are in the football team. Among them, 14 play hockey and cricket, 15 play hockey
and football, and 12 play football and cricket. Eight play all the three games. The total number of
members in the three athletic teams is
(a) 43 (b) 76
(c) 49 (d) None of these
58. In a class of 100 students, 55 students have passed in Mathematics and 67 students have passed
in Physics. Then the number of students who have passed in Physics only is
(a) 22 (b) 33
(c) 10 (d) 45

Set theory
1 d 2 b 3 a 4 c 5 b

6 b 7 a 8 d 9 c 10 b

11 c 12 b 13 c 14 b 15 c

16 d 17 a 18 b 19 c 20 b

21 c 22 c 23 a,b 24 d 25 b

26 b 27 d 28 b 29 a 30 b

31 b 32 c 33 b 34 b 35 a

36 a 37 b 38 a 39 a 40 c

41 b 42 b 43 c 44 a 45 d

46 a 47 a 48 c 49 c 50 c

51 c 52 b 53 a 54 d 55 c

56 a 57 a 58 d
Solutions
1. (d) Since, intelligency is not defined for students in a class i.e., Not a well defined collection.
2. (b) Since x 2  1  0, gives x 2  1  x  i
 x is not real but x is real (given)
 No value of x is possible.
3. (a) x 2  16  x  4
2x  6  x  3
There is no value of x which satisfies both the above equations. Thus, A   .
4. (c) Number of subsets of A  n C 0  n C1  .........  n C n  2 n .
3
5. (b) Number of proper subsets of the set {1, 2, 3) = 2  1  7 .
6. (b) B  C  {4 } ,  A  (B  C ) = {1, 2, 3, 4}.
7. (a) A  B  A . Hence A  ( A  B)  A .
8. (d) A  ( A  B)c  A  ( A c  B c )
= (A  Ac )  (A  Bc ) =   (A  Bc )  A  Bc .
1 1
9. (c) Since y  , y   x meet when  x   x 2  1 , which does not give any real value of x.
x x
Hence, A  B   .
10. (b) A  [ x : x  R,  1  x  1]
B  [ x : x  R : x  1  1 or x  1  1]
= [ x : x  R : x  0 or x  2]
 A  B  R  D , where D = [ x : x  R, 1  x  2] .
11. (c) Since, y  e x and y  x do not meet for any x  R
 AB  .
12. (b) Since, 4 n  3 n  1  (3  1)n  3 n  1
 3 n  n C1 3 n 1  n C 2 3 n  2  .....  n C n 1 3  n C n  3 n  1
 n C 2 3 2  n C 3 . 3 3  ...  n C n 3 n , (n C 0  n C n , n C1  n C n 1 etc.)
 9[n C 2  n C 3 (3)  .....  n Cn 3 n 1 ]
 4 n  3 n  1 is a multiple of 9 for n  2 .
For n  1, 4 n  3 n  1 = 4  3  1  0 ,
For n  2, 4 n  3 n  1 = 16  6  1  9
 4 n  3n  1 is a multiple of 9 for all n  N
 X contains elements, which are multiples of 9, and clearly Y contains all multiples of 9.
 X  Y i.e., X  Y  Y .
c c
13. (c) n( A  B ) = n[(A  B)c] = n(U )  n( A  B)
= n(U )  [n( A)  n(B)  n( A  B)]
= 700 – [200 + 300 – 100] = 300.
14. (b) n(A) = 40% of 10,000 = 4,000
n(B) = 20% of 10,000 = 2,000
n(C) = 10% of 10,000 = 1,000
n (A  B) = 5% of 10,000 = 500
n (B  C) = 3% of 10,000 = 300
n(C  A) = 4% of 10,000 = 400
n(A  B  C) = 2% of 10,000 = 200
We want to find n(A  Bc  Cc) = n[A  (B  C)c]
= n(A) – n[A  (B  C)] = n(A) – n[(A  B)  (A  C)]
= n(A) – [n(A  B) + n(A  C) – n(A  B  C)]
= 4000 – [500 + 400 – 200] = 4000 – 700 = 3300.
15. (c) n(C) = 20, n(B) = 50, n(C  B) = 10
Now n(C  B) = n(C) + n(B) – n(C  B)
 = 20 + 50 – 10 = 60.
Hence, required number of persons = 60%.
16. (d) n(M) = 23, n(P) = 24, n(C)= 19
n(M  P) = 12, n(M  C)= 9, n(P  C)= 7
n(M  P  C) = 4
We have to find n(M  P  C), n(P  M   C ),
n ( C  M   P )
Now n (M  P  C) = n[M  (P  C)]
= n(M)– n(M  (P  C))
= n(M )  n[(M  P )  (M  C )]
= n(M) – n(M  P)– n(M  C) + n(M  P  C)
= 23 –12 – 9 + 4 = 27 –21 = 6
n(P  M  C) = n[P  (M  C)]
= n(P)– n[P  (M  C)] = n(P )  n[(P  M )  (P  C )]
= n(P) – n(P  M) – n(P  C) + n(P  M  C)
= 24 – 12 – 7 + 4 = 9
n(C  M   P )  n(C )  n(C  P )  n(C  M )  n(C  P  M )
= 19 – 7 – 9 + 4 = 23 – 16 = 7.
17. (a) It is distributive law.
18. (b) It is De' Morgan law.
19. (c) (A – B)  (B – A) = (A  B) – (A  B).
20. (b) A × B = {(2, 7), (2, 8), (2, 9), (4, 7), (4, 8), (4, 9), (5, 7), (5, 8), (5, 9)}
n(A × B) = n(A) . n(B) = 3 × 3 = 9.
21. (c) n( A  B)  pq .
22. (c) B  C = {c, d}  (d, e} = {c, d, e}
 A × (B  C) = {a, b} × {c, d, e}
= {(a, c), (a, d), (a, e), (b, c), (b, d), (b, e)}.
23. (a,b) R  (P c  Q c )c  R  [(P c )c  (Q c )c ]
= R  (P  Q )  (R  P )  (R  Q ) = ( R  Q )  ( R  P ) .
24. (d) It is fundamental concept.
25. (b) It is fundamental concept.
1 1 1 2
26. (b) Since  0,  2,  , [ y  N ]
y y y 3
1
 can be 1, [  y can be 1].
y
27. (d) Null set is the subset of all given sets.
28. (b) S  {0, 1, 5, 4 , 7} ,
then, total number of subsets of S is 2 n .
Hence, 2 5  32 .
29. (a) The number of non- empty subsets = 2 n  1
2 4  1  16  1  15 .
30. (b) Given A  {1, 2}  {1, 2, 3, 5, 9} . Hence, A  {3, 5,9} .
31. (b) Since A  B  B,  B  A .
32. (c) Let x  A  x  A  B , [ A  A  B]
 x  A  B , [ A  B  A  B]
 x  A and x  B  x  B ,  A  B
Similarly, x  B  x  A ,  B  A
Now A  B, B  A  A  B .
33. (b) A  B  A  A  B ,  A  B  A  B .
34. (b)  y  e x , y  e  x will meet, when e x  e  x
 e 2 x  1,  x  0, y  1
 A and B meet on (0, 1),  A  B   .
35. (a) A  B  {2, 3, 4 , 8, 10 }  {3, 4 , 5, 10 , 12}
 {3, 4 , 10 } , A  C  {4 } .
  ( A  B)  ( A  C )  {3, 4 , 10 } .
36. (a) A  ( A  B)  A , [ A  B  A] .
37. (b) It is obvious.
38. (a) B  C  {a, b, c, d , e }
 A  (B  C )  {a, b, c}  {a, b, c, d , e }  {a, b, c} .
39. (a) A  (B  A)   , [ x  B  A  x  A] .
40. (c) A  ( A  B)  A  ( A   B ) , ( ( A  B)  A   B  )
 ( A  A )  B  , (by associative law)
   B , ( A  A    )
 .
41. (b) B   {1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, 8 ,9, 10 }
 A  B   {1, 2, 5}  {1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, 8 , 9, 10 }  {1, 2, 5}  A
42. (b) It is obvious.
43. (c) N 5  N 7  N 35 ,
[  5 and 7 are relatively prime numbers].
44. (a) 3 N  { x  N : x is a multiple of 3}
7 N  { x  N : x is a multiple of 7}
 3 N  7 N  { x  is a multiple of 3 and 7}
 { x  N : x is a multiple of 3 and 7}
 { x  N : x is a multiple of 21}=21N.
45. (d) It is obvious.
46. (a) From Venn-Euler's diagram,

U
AB

A–B B–A

 ( A  B )  ( B  A)  ( A  B )  A  B .
47. (a) From Venn-Euler's Diagram,

(AB)' U

(A'
A B
 ( A  B)  ( A   B)  A  .
48. (c) From Venn-Euler's Diagram,

C C–A U
ABC

A–B B–C
A
Clearly, {( A  B)  (B  CB
)  (C  A)}  A  B  C .
49. (c) Since A  B,  A  B  B .
So, n( A  B)  n(B)  6 .
50. (c) n( A  B)  n( A)  n(B)  n( A  B)
0 . 25  0 . 16  0 . 14  n( A  B)
 n( A  B)  0 . 30  0 . 25  0 .05 .
51. (c) Since A and B are disjoint,  A  B  
n( A  B)  0
Now n ( A  B)  n( A)  n(B)  n( A  B)
 n( A)  n(B)  0  n( A )  n(B) .
52. (b) n( A  B)  n( A)  n (B)  n( A  B) .
53. (a) Minimum value of n  100  (30  20  25  15 ))
 100  90  10 .
54. (d) n (C)  224 , n (H )  240 , n (B)  336
n (H  B)  64 , n(B  C)  80
n(H  C )  40 , n(C  H  B)  24
n (C c  H c  B C )  n [(C  H  B)c ]
 n()  n(C  H  B)
 800  [n(C )  n(H )  n(B)  n(H  C )
n(H  B )  n(C  B )  n(C  H  B)]
 800  [224  240  336  64  80  40  24 ]
 800  640  160 .
55. (c) Let A denote the set of Americans who like cheese and let B denote the set of Americans who like apples.
Let Population of American be 100.
Then n ( A)  63, n (B)  76
Now, n ( A  B)  n( A)  n(B)  n( A  B)
 63  76  n( A  B)
 n ( A  B)  n( A  B)  139
 n ( A  B)  139  n( A  B)
But n ( A  B)  100
 n ( A  B)  100
 139  n ( A  B)  139  100  39
 n( A  B)  39 i.e., 39  n( A  B ) .....(i)
Again, A  B  A, A  B  B
 n ( A  B)  n ( A)  63 and n ( A  B)  n (B)  76
 n( A  B)  63 …..(ii)
Then, 39  n ( A  B)  63  39  x  63 .
56. (a) Let n (P) = Number of teachers in Physics.
n (M ) = Number of teachers in Maths
n (P  M )  n(P)  n (M )  n (P  M )
20  n (P )  12  4  n (P )  12 .
57. (a) Let B, H, F denote the sets of members who are on the basketball team, hockey team and football team
respectively.
Then we are given n (B)  21, n (H )  26 , n (F)  29
n (H  B)  14 , n (H  F)  15 , n (F  B)  12
and n (B  H  F)  8 .
We have to find n (B  H  F) .
To find this, we use the formula
n (B  H  F )  n (B )  n (H )  n ( F )
n (B  H )  n (H  F)  n (F  B)  n (B  H  F)
Hence, n (B  H  F )  (21  26  29 )  (14  15  12 )  8  43
Thus these are 43 members in all.
58. (d) n (M )  55 , n (P)  67 , n (M  P)  100
Now, n (M  P )  n (M )  n (P)  n (M  P)
100  55  67  n (M  P)
 n (M  P)  122  100  22
Now n (P only) = n (P)  n(M  P)  67  22  45 .