Footnote Requirements

APPLIES TO Requirements for all buildings:

ALL a) Minimum 2,286mm (7.5-foot) ceiling heights.
BUILDINGS b) Minimum 914mm (36-inch) width & 2,032mm (80-inch) tall doors.
c) Hinged exit doors swing open outward to the exterior & not lockable from the inside, with
1.2m (4-foot) long, level landings/stairs/railings. d) Storage of materials cannot block exit doors or
corridors/hallways leading to exits.
e) Generally, storage of most common, moderately combustible items is limited to a maximum of
3.66 meters (12 foot) height.
f) Higher hazard materials (combustible plastics, flammable liquids, tires and pallets) are limited to a
maximum 1,829 mm (6 feet) in height.
g) If the building/room does not have fire sprinkler protection, storage heights must be maintained at
least 610 mm (2 feet) below the ceiling.
h) If the building/room does have fire sprinkler protection, storage heights must be maintained at least 457 mm
(18 inches) below the deflectors of the fire sprinkler heads at the ceiling plane.
i) No pressurized flammable gas/fuel or flammable liquid containers are allowed in any buildings with human
occupancy.
j) Vehicle & fire truck access roads shall extend within 45.72 m (150 feet) of all building exterior walls, have a
minimum clear width of 6.1 m
(20 feet) and have a minimum inside turning radius of 7.62 meters (25 feet) and a minimum outside turning
radius of 13.7 meters (45 feet).
k) If a sprinkler system is not installed, a combustible building or cluster of buildings shall be a maximum of 334
m2 (3,600 ft2) and a noncombustible building or cluster of buildings shall be a maximum of 548 m2 (5,900 ft2),
or as limited in the table above, whichever is less. If a sprinkler system is installed, a combustible building or
cluster of buildings shall be a maximum of 4,784 m2 (51,500 ft2) and a noncombustible building or cluster of
buildings shall be a maximum of 7,776 m2 (83,700 ft2), or as limited in the table above, whichever is less. A
primary and a standby NFPA 20 fire pump shall be required, with a capacity of 100% of fire water demand for
both pumps. At least one fire pump shall be diesel engine driven. The maximum static pressure at all points
in the system is 552kPA (80 psig), with the fire pumps on and no fire flow occurring. The minimum residual
pressure at 94.6 L/s (1,500 gpm) at all points in the system is 138kPa (20 psig). The minimum residual
pressure at 63.1 L/s (1,000 gpm) at all points in the system is 359kPa (52 psig). The system shall meet all
three pressure and flow constraints listed above. Flow velocities in water mains shall be between 3.1 m/sec
(10 ft/sec) and 4.6 m/sec (15 ft/sec) at the required 94.6 L/s (1,500 gpm) fire flow rate. To maintain the
minimum 3.1 m/sec (10 ft/sec) for a 94.6 L/s (1,500 gpm) flow rate, a maximum 203mm (8-inch) pipe size
may be used. A dedicated water supply for fire water shall provide a minimum of 681 m3 (180,000
gallons/24,060 ft3) of firewater capacity. A combined fire/raw water system may be used according to SAES-
S-040 & SAES-L-105 (PVC or other material pipe as permitted), but the domestic demand pressure shall be
maintained between 276kPa (40 psig) and 552kPa (80 psig).
l) Fire hydrants shall be spaced a maximum of 90 meters (300 feet) apart along the travel path of a roadway
accessible to fire trucks. Hydrants shall be within 6.1 m (20 feet) from roads. Isolation valves shall be
provided along each looped water line with a maximum spacing of 270 meters (900 feet) apart. The
minimum diameter of water supply line serving fire hydrants shall be 152 mm (6 inches) and the maximum
pipe diameter is 203 mm (8 inches). Dead-end lines serving fire hydrants shall not contain more than 379
liters (100 gallons) of stagnant water and not be greater than 20.7 meters (68 feet) for 152 mm (6 inch)
diameter pipe and 11.6 meters (38 feet) for 203 mm (8 inch) diameter pipe. A flushing valve shall be
provided at the end of deadend water lines. Otherwise, looping of the water main to provide water flow
from two different directions at all points is required
m) As a general rule, fire extinguishers shall be installed so all areas of buildings are within a 22.86 meters (75
foot) travel distance of a fire extinguisher. Placing fire extinguishers 32.3 m (106 feet) apart satisfies this rule.
 Layout the interior fire extinguisher placement according to the rule for all non-residence buildings. Each
residential building without interior corridors shall have a dry-chemical fire extinguisher mounted on the
outside next to the landing, with large buildings (greater than a 32.3 m/106-foot perimeter) having
extinguishers placed every 32.3 m (106 feet) apart around the perimeter of the building.
n) For the Dining Hall/large buildings, provide approved emergency lights (90-minute battery power supply) and
locate lights near the exit doors, along all egress paths and outside each building exterior exit door.
Illuminated exit signs above exterior exit doors are required.
1 Note: All buildings assumed in this table are single-story only. Code requirements are different for multiple-
stories buildings. As a general rule, separation between buildings is required to be a minimum distance of 6.1
meters or 20 feet (IBC, Table 602). If this separation distance cannot be achieved, then the exterior walls of the
building must be 1-hour fire-resistive rated (FRR). There is an alternative to consider the aggregate area of a
group or cluster of smaller buildings based on the “Maximum Building Size” listed above in columns 2 and 3. If
the aggregate area of a cluster of several individual buildings does not exceed the “Maximum Building Size” for a
single building listed above, the non-rated exterior wall ratings for the cluster group of buildings may still occur if
the buildings within the cluster are closer than 20 feet (6.1m) to each other. In this

case the separation between individual buildings within a “cluster” of smaller buildings should be at least 6 feet
(1.83m). Each cluster of buildings must be separated from “other building clusters” by at least 6.1 meters or 20
feet (IBC, Exception to Section 704.3).
2 Type V-B Construction: typically non-rated, combustible wood construction or any other material allowed by the
2009 IBC.
3 Type II-B Construction: typically non-rated, non-combustible steel construction (steel framing, metal or other
non-combustible exterior siding, metal or gypsum board interior sheathing, no wood studs/sheathing/siding).
4 Individual fire areas shall be separated by 2-hour fire-resistive rated (FRR) fire barriers for all buildings, except
storage buildings (which are 3hour FRR). Doors allowing access through fire barriers shall be 90-minute FRR, with
door closures and smoke seals.
5 As a point of reference, cement board has a flame spread rating (FSR) of zero and the red oak species of wood
has a FSR of 100. Class A materials have a FSR of 0-25, Class B materials have a FSR of 26-75 and Class C
materials have a FSR of 76-200. The higher the FSR, the faster flames will move across the surface of the material
making it more flammable. Untreated plywood paneling will typically have a FSR of greater than 200 and cannot
be used for wall and ceiling materials. All finish materials shall have a maximum smoke-develop index of 450
(IBC, Table 803.5). An interior wall or ceiling finish material shall be greater than a ¼-inch (6.4mm) thick, if it is
not applied to a non-combustible backing or it is a non-combustible material (IBC/Section 803.11.4). Interior
access corridor flooring must not have less than a NFPA 253 Class II critical radiant flux floor finish (IBC, Section
804.4.1). Use of foam plastic wall/ceiling insulation has specific material specification requirements.
6 Fire alarm control panel (FACP) with system detectors and UL 1971 listed (not UL 1638) public-mode notification
horn/strobe notification devices (2010 NFPA 72, Sections 18.4.3 and 18.5). A kitchen hood extinguishing system
must be monitored by a fire alarm panel if the Dining Hall has a fire alarm system. The most cost effective
method for an entire site would be to place an addressable, analog fire alarm panel in the guard house and run a
 low-voltage Class A SLC and NAC loop for a connection to each building. An outside, weather-proof beacon/horn
must be placed on each building to indicate which building is in alarm.

7 Interior building corridors that are required to be fire-resistive rated (FRR) shall have fire partition walls with a 1-
hour rating. All interior dorm
(R-2) room walls shall be constructed as 1-hour FRR walls. Doors through interior corridor walls must have a 20-
minute FRR and be self-closing (door closures) with latches and smoke seals (IBC, Sections 715 and 1018). Kick-
down door stops to hold open the doors that enter the interior corridors are prohibited.
8 Dormitories With Fire Sprinkler System Protection:
Dormitory sleeping accommodation buildings (Group R-2 occupancies) require UL 217 listed smoke “alarms”.
Each smoke alarm in the residence shall be wired to the 110/220 VAC building power source and have a
secondary 9 VDC battery as a backup power supply. The 9 VDC batteries in smoke alarms shall be replaced every
six months. Smoke alarms operate and sound an alarm when smoke is present, but they are not connected to a
fire alarm control panel (FACP) and are not monitored by a fire alarm dispatch agency to notify the fire
department. The smoke alarms only sound an alarm to notify the occupants of the resident to evacuate. If more
than one smoke alarm is present in the individual dwelling unit, multiple-station (versus single-station) smoke
alarms shall be installed. Each multi-station smoke alarm in the residence is wired together (inter-connected), in
a manner that if one smoke alarm activates due to the presence of smoke, then all the smoke alarms in the
residence that are connected to each other will activate and sound an audible alarm in each room. In the case of
dormitory/Group R-2 occupancies, an activation of a smoke alarm in an individual sleeping unit would only
activate the interconnected smoke alarms for an audible warning in the individual affect sleeping unit. No other
sleeping units in the Group R-2 building would have their smoke alarms activated to hear an audible alarm. If a
fire continues to grow, the fire sprinkler system flow switch would activate the fire alarm system and provide an
audible warning signal to alert residents. Smoke alarms are required in the following locations:
 • On the ceiling or wall outside of each separate sleeping area in the immediate vicinity of bedrooms,
such as a hallway.
• In each room used for sleeping purposes.
• On all floors levels of the residence which in the case of a single-story residence would only be one
floor.

Dormitories Without Fire Sprinkler System Protection:

Dormitory sleeping accommodation buildings (Group R-2 occupancies) without a fire sprinkler system shall be
protected by a UL 864 listed NFPA 72 addressable, analog fire alarm system with smoke detectors in all areas of
the building. Smoke detectors shall be UL 268 listed with integral audible alarms (sounder bases) or UL 464
audible horns. These smoke detectors shall be connected to a fire alarm system covering the entire camp/park
with the following features for the dormitory buildings:

• A UL 864 listed fire alarm control panel according to the most current (e.g., 9th edition) UL 864
edition, addressable, analog equipment and operation.
• Class A signaling line and notification appliance circuits.
• Alarm, supervisory and trouble signals are received by an on-site master fire alarm control panel
and are monitored at all times by on-site, qualified safety personnel capable of and responsible for
responding to and mitigating a fire emergency and system faults or failures.

Activation of a smoke detector in a sleeping room shall activate all the audible sounder bases in the individual
dwelling unit and send an alarm signal to the SCC. The locations for smoke detectors are the same as above for
smoke alarms.
9 Sleeping rooms (bedrooms) in single-story, Dormitory/Group R-2 occupancies may be required to have an
“emergency escape and rescue opening” (EERO). See (IBC/Section 1029.1 for exceptions to providing EEROs.
These openings are typically windows, but may also be secondary exterior doors opening to the outside. The
requirements of these openings are as follows:
• Minimum net clear opening: 0.46 m2 (5.0 ft2) for grade EERO floor openings and 0.53 m2 (5.7 ft2) for
above-grade EERO floor openings.
• Minimum net clear opening height: 610mm (24 inches).
• Minimum net clear opening width: 508mm (20 inches).
• Maximum height from floor to the bottom of the clear opening: 1,118mm (44 inches) measured from
the floor.
10 It is recommended to furnishing bedrooms with mattresses that meet the U.S. Consumer Product Safety
Commission (CPSC) 16 CFR Part 1632 and 16 CFR Part 1633 federal mattress standards for decreased
flammability greatly delay and reduced fire hazards of flashover.

11 Two exits are required for an occupant load greater than 50 (2009 IBC, Section 1015.1). Three exits are
required for an occupant load greater than 500 (IBC, Section 1018.1). Dining Hall and assembly-type
occupancies with an occupant load greater than 300 requires a main exit with a capacity of not less than one-
half of the occupant load (2009 IBC, Section 1028.2). Dining Hall and assembly-type occupancies shall have
panic hardware devices on doors.

12 A NFPA 17A & UL-300 wet-chemical kitchen hood fire extinguishing system is required for Type I kitchen hood
exhaust systems above cooking appliances that produce smoke and grease vapors. These systems shall be
installed according to their listing and the 2009 IFC. The kitchen area shall have a Type K fire extinguisher
within 3 to 9 meters (10 to 30 feet) of the cooking appliances.
As per SMG-05-007 Designing a building on a site involves a step-by-step process

Step 1: Identify the required facilities and buildings at the site, including the total floor areas
needed for each category of building.
Facilities and buildings at a site may include the following:
Offices, Calibration shop, warehouse, Storage, Equipment workshop, Carbon steel fabrication area,
welding area. See drawings ES-FA-1851 sheet 01 site development plan

Step 2: Determine the Occupancy Group of each building, which is based on how the building is used.
The IBC has categorized buildings into specific Occupancy Groups. The majority of camp and project
support buildings are classified as either Group A, B, F, M, R, S or U. There are sub-groups to these
Occupancy Groups,
The site classified as Group S (“Storage”): buildings

Step 3: Determine the most economical Type of Construction for each building.
In general, the most economical Type of Construction for camp and project support buildings is Type II-B.
The “II” means only non-combustible materials may be used and, “B” indicates the overall building structure
is not required to have additional fire-resistive rated (FRR) materials applied. However, FRR construction may
be required to separate some rooms from each other

Step 4: Determine if a sprinkler system is required for each building.

As per drawings ES-FF-1850 SHEET 01 no sprinkler system installed.

Step 5: Determine the required number of buildings and stories/floor areas for each of building based on
the maximum number of floors and the maximum area of each floor allowed by the IBC, which depends
on whether or not the building is sprinklered.
The first step to determine the maximum number of floors for each building and the maximum area of each
floor is to determine the building’s maximum allowable floor area and height per Table 503 of the IBC.

Step 6: Determine egress requirements for each building.

The number of exits from a building or an area depends on the Occupant Load (OL) number that is calculated.
Generally, two or more exits are required from each floors/rooms. See Section 1015 of the IBC. However,
rooms with an OL equal to or less than the number of people shown in Table 6B may have only one exit:

Table 6B – Maximum Occupant Load for a Room with One Exit (from IBC Table 1015.1)

Occupancy Group Maximum Occupant Load

A, B, F, M, U 49

R 10

S 29

Step 7: Develop building floor plans and elevations.

Building plans shall indicate the type of construction, planned occupancy, dimensions (in millimeters),
function and size of individual rooms, access/egress (e.g., corridors/hallways, ramps, stairs), interior and
exterior doors, furnishings, equipment, etc. Elevation dimensions shall be provided for interior and exterior
roof and ceiling profiles, doorways, and windows.
See drawings ES-FA-1851 sheet 01 site development plan

Step 8: Determine which walls, ceilings, corridors, etc., in each building are required to be
fire-rated and the fire-resistive rating (FRR) for each.
Exterior fire-rated walls can be avoided by incorporating adequate separation distance between adjacent
buildings. For example, buildings built with Type II-B construction may have non-FRR exterior walls
if they are separated by a distance of 6.1 meters (20 feet) or more

Step 9: Specify materials/assemblies for FRR walls, ceilings, corridors, etc., required to achieve
the needed FRR for each.
6.9.3 Doors in FRR walls shall comply with Table 9A.
 Table 9A – FRR for Doors (from IBC Table 715.4)

Wall FRR (hours) Door FRR (hours)

2-hour wall 1.5-hour (90 minutes)

1-hour corridor 1/3-hour (20 minutes)

1-hour occupancy separation ¾-hour (45 minutes)

1-hour stairway shaft/enclosure 1-hour (60 minutes)

Step 10: Define interior finish requirements.

6.10.1 See Chapter 8 of the IBC. The required class rating for wall and ceiling finish
materials shall be as shown in Table 10A.

Table 10A – Required Class for Wall and Ceiling Finishes (See Table 803.9 of the IBC)

Sprinklered Non-Sprinklered
Occupancy Exit Rooms Exit Rooms

Group Enclosures Corridors & Enclosures Corridors &

& Exit Enclosed & Exit Enclosed
Passageways Spaces Passageways Spaces

A-1 & A-2 B B C A A B

A-3 B B C A A C

B&M B C C A B C

F C C C B C C

R-2 & S C C C B B C

U No restrictions No restrictions

Note: Class A finish materials may be used in any application where Class B or
 C finish ratings are required, and Class B finish materials may be used in
any application where a Class C finish rating is required.

Step 11: Define design requirements for each building’s fire protection and alarm systems.
For Fire alarm see drawings ES-FA-1851 SHEET 02, 03, 04, 05 for Firefighting see drawings ES-FF-1850 SHEET 01, 02

Step 12: Define design requirements for the site fire water distribution system.
The Firefighting system design based on 1500 GPM fire pump electric and diesel engine,
8’’ underground piping HDPE, Fire water tank 360,000 gallon