DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER

PROJECT WORK
ON
CRUD OPERATION

Submitted by: Submitted to:

Rishikesh Bastakoti Sabin Raj Bagale

Ankit Thapa Computer Teacher
Suarshan Gurung
Aayush Tamang
Nischal Shrestha
 Acknowledgment

It is our good fortune to get a very cooperative teacher Mr. Sabin Raj Bagale. During the work
in progress, his support, helpfulness, and constant encouragement kept us motivated in research
work. He provided invaluable interest, and guidance during work. We have not only learned but
also got important suggestions regarding scientific writing and other related matters. We are very
much grateful for him.

We would like to thank all the faculty members who have provided encouragement and
suggestions during work and special thanks to the lab assistant.
Further, we would like to extend our gratitude to the principal Dr. Madhav Prasad Baral, and
NSS executive director Mrs. Pranita Sharma Baral for providing us with the entire faculty that
was required.
Finally, we would like to express my deep gratitude to my greatest mentor, my parents. All
thanks to them for everything that I have achieved.

Rishikesh Bastakoti
Ankit Thapa
Suarshan Gurung
Aayush Tamang
Nischal Shrestha

Date:2079/10/25

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 Declaration

I hereby declare that the project work submitted to Mr. Sabin Raj Bagale is a project work on
CRUD operation of the work done by our team under the guidance of Mr. Sabin Raj Bagale, this
project work is submitted in partial fulfillment of grade 12 final practical evaluation. The result
embodied in this thesis has yet to be submitted to any other institution.

……………………
Rishikesh Bastakoti
Class:12
Section: M15
Roll_no:692

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 Certification of Approval

It is certified that Mr. Rishikesh Bastakoti has carried out the project work.

This project Work is the result of his endeavors and research. It will be finalized under our
guidance and supervision in the academic year 2022-2023

…................................... …...............................
Head of Department Supervisor
Mr. Ranoj Bhatta Mr. Sabin Raj Bagale
Department of Computer Science Department of Computer Science
National School of Sciences National School of Sciences
Laincahur, Kathmandu Laincahur, Kathmandu
Date…........................... Date…..............................

…...............................
External
NEB, Nepal
Date…..............................

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 Table of content

Contents Page no
Introduction 6
Types of operation
● Create operation 7
● Read operation 8
● Update 9
● Delete 10
Working model of CRUD operation 11
Conclusion 12
 Introduction

CRUD operation is a fundamental concept in computer programming and database management,

representing the four basic functions that can be performed on data in a database. CRUD stands
for Create, Read, Update, and Delete, and these four operations are essential to any data-driven
application that involves data storage and retrieval.

CRUD operations are fundamental in many programming languages, frameworks, and database
management systems, and are used to perform various data operations. These operations provide
a simple and effective way to manage and manipulate data, making it easier for developers to
create applications that interact with databases. By leveraging CRUD operations, developers can
create applications that are scalable, reliable, and efficient.

Different types of CRUD operations are performed in the application. Some of them are:
● Create operation
● Read operation
● Update operation
● Delete operation

Furthermore, these operations are thoroughly explained in the following pages.

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1. Create operation

The "create" operation in CRUD refers to the process of adding new data records to a database or
other storage system. This can be done manually by entering data into a form or interface, or
automatically through an API or other programmatic interface. The create operation typically
involves defining the fields and data types for the new record, validating the data, and inserting it
into the appropriate table or collection. Depending on the system, additional steps such as
generating a unique identifier or performing data normalization may also be required. Once the
create operation is complete, the new data record can be read, updated, or deleted using the other
CRUD operations.

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2. Read operation

This operation is used to retrieve data records from a database. The read command is analogous
to the search command. It allows users to search for and read the values of individual records in
the table. Users may be able to find required records by searching for them using keywords or
filtering the data using specific criteria.

A database of vehicles, for example, would allow users to search for "2021 football World Cup"
or provide choices to filter search results by make, model, and year.

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3. Update operation

The update operation in CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) refers to the process of modifying
or altering existing data in a database or other storage system. This operation allows users to
change the values of specific fields within a record or document, such as updating a customer's
contact information or changing the status of an order. The update operation typically involves
specifying the record or document to be modified, identifying the fields to be changed, and
providing new values for those fields. Once the update is completed, the modified data is then
saved back to the storage system for future access and retrieval.

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4. Delete operation

This operation is used to remove data records from a database. For example, deleting a user
account or removing data is no longer available. Users can utilize the delete function to delete
records from a database that is no longer needed. The delete function is available in SQL
allowing users to remove one or more records from the database.

Users may be able to do a hard delete or a soft delete in some relational database applications. A
hard delete removes records from the database permanently, but a soft delete updates the status
of a row to show that it has been destroyed while leaving the contents in it.

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 Working model of CRUD operation

A working model of CRUD operation involves creating, reading, updating, and deleting data
records in a database or other storage system. For example, in a simple customer management
application, the "create" operation would involve adding a new customer to the database by
entering their name, email address, phone number, and other relevant information into a form or
interface. The "read" operation would then allow users to view the customer's information by
searching for their name or other identifier. The "update" operation could modify the customer's
information, such as updating their email address or phone number. Finally, the "delete"
operation would remove the customer's record from the database if they are no longer needed.

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 Conclusion

In conclusion, the CRUD operation project was successfully implemented and met its objectives
of creating a system that allows for the basic data management functions of creating, reading,
updating, and deleting data. Through the use of modern programming languages and
frameworks, the project was able to provide a user-friendly interface that allowed for easy
manipulation of data. The project also provided important insights into the importance of data
management in modern-day businesses and the need for robust systems to handle such data.
Overall, the CRUD operation project was a success and serves as an important tool for data
management in various industries.

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