P525/2

CHEMISTRY

Paper 2

March 2024

hours.

PRE-TEST EXAMS 2024

Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education
CHEMISTRY

Paper 2

Time: 2 hours 30 minutes.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:

 Attempt five questions including three questions from section A and any two
questions from section B.
 Begin each question on a fresh page.
 Mathematical tables and graph papers are provided.
 Non programmable scientific electronic calculators may be used.
 Where necessary, use the following values;
- 1 mole of gas occupies 22.4dm3 at stp;
- molar gas constant (R) is 0.0821 atm dm3K-1
Turnover

KIBUGO 1
 SECTION A

1. (a) Explain what is meant by

(i). Salt hydrolysis. (01 mark)

(ii)pH (01 mark)

(b). A 0.2M solution of phenylamine hydrochloride has a pH of 3.5. Calculate

(i). The molar concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution (02 marks)
(ii). The hydrolysis constant, 𝐾ℎ, of phenylamine hydrochloride (02marks)

(c). Define the term buffer solution. (01 mark)

(ii)Briefly describe the mode of action of an acidic buffer. (05 marks)

(d). Calculate the mass of sodium ethanoate that should be added to 1 litre
of 0.1M ethanoic acid solution in order to produce a solution of pH 4.0
(𝐾𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑐 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑 𝑖𝑠 1.8 × 10-5 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑑𝑚-3 ) (05 marks)
(c). State what would happen to the pH of the solution in (d) if a small
amount of the following are added
(i). Sodium hydroxide solution. (01 mark)
(ii). Hydrochloric acid solution. (01 mark)

(e). State one biological use of buffer solutions. (01 mark)

2. Complete the following equations and in each case write the mechanism for the
reaction
(a) CH3CH2Br + KOH (aq) heat (02 marks)

H+ (aq)
(b) CH3CHO + NH2OH (04 marks)

AlCl3
(c) + CH3COCl … (04 marks)

OH
(d) CH3Cl/ NaOH(aq) (3 marks)

KIBUGO 2
 NaHSO3 (aq)
(e) CH3COCH3 (4 marks)

(f) 𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝐻2 𝑂𝐻 Conc. H2SO4 (3 marks)

o
140 C

3. (a) Carbon, germanium and Lead are some of the elements in group (IV) of the
periodic table. Describe how their oxides can be obtained in the laboratory.(10 marks)
(b) Discuss the reaction of the oxides of carbon and lead with
(i) Acids (03 marks)
(ii) Alkalis (04 marks)

(c) Compare the reaction of carbon and lead with

(i) Water (02 marks)
(ii) Alkalis (01 mark)

4. (a) State
(i) What is meant by the term first ionisation energy? (01 mark)

(ii) Two factors that can determine the value of first ionisation energy and explain
how the factor affect the value of the first ionisation energy (03 marks)

(b) (i) Define the term electron affinity (01 mark)

(ii) Write equation to show the first electron affinity of oxygen atom (01 mark)

(iii) Explain why the first electron affinity of oxygen is an exothermic process
While the second electron affinity is an endothermic process (04 marks)

KIBUGO 3
(c) Some thermochemical data of aluminium and oxygen is given below

Heat of atomisation of aluminium = +324.3 kJmol-1

First ionisation energy of aluminium = +578.0 kJmol-1
Second ionisation energy of aluminium = +1817.0 kJmol-1
Third ionisation energy of aluminium = +2745.0 kJmol-1
Atomisation energy of oxygen = +249.2 kJmol-1
First electron affinity of oxygen = -141.4 kJmol-1
Second electron affinity of oxygen = +844.0 kJmol-1
Enthalpy of formation of aluminium oxide = −1675.7 𝑘𝐽𝑚𝑜𝑙-1

(i)Draw an energy level diagram for the formation of aluminium oxide (06 marks)

(ii) Calculate the lattice energy of aluminium oxide (03 marks)

(iii) Comment of the value of lattice energy obtained in c (ii) (01 mark)

SECTION B

Attempt any two questions from this question.

5. (a) Explain what is meant by the term equilibrium constant (01 mark)
(b) State any three characteristics of an equilibrium reaction. (01 mark)
(c). Discuss the effect of the following on the position of equilibrium of a
reversible reaction, the rate of attainment of equilibrium and the value of
equilibrium constant.
(i). Temperature (03marks)
(ii). Pressure (03marks)
(iii). Catalyst (02marks)

(d) (i)Describe an experiment to determine the equilibrium concentration

constant for a reaction between ethanol and ethanoic acid. (06 marks)

(ii). When 60g of ethanoic acid and 46g of ethanol were made to react to
equilibrium at 100ºC, the percentage of esterification was 54%
Calculate the value of 𝐾𝑐 (04 marks)

KIBUGO 4
6. Using equations only show how each of the following conversions can be
effected.
(a) Ethanol to methylbenzene (04 marks)

(b) chloroethane to propan-1-ol. (03 marks)

(c) Ethyne to phenylethanoneoxime (03 marks)

(d) H2C=CH2 to CH3COCH3 (04 marks)

(f) Benzene to phenylamine (03 marks)

(g) Phenol to cyclohexanone (03 marks)

7. (a) Describe the reactions of group (II) elements with

(i) Air (06 marks)
(ii) Water (06 marks)
(iii) Alkalis (02 marks)

b). Name a reagent the can be used to distinguish between each of the following pairs
of ions and each case state what would be observed. Write equation for any reaction
that takes place
(i). Mg2+and Ca2+ (03 marks)
(ii). Mg2+and Ba2+ (03 marks)
(iii). Ca2+ and Ba2+ (03 marks)

KIBUGO 5
8. (a). State what is meant by the following terms order of a reaction and half-life
of a reaction. (02 marks)

(b). A compound B decomposes according to the following equation

2𝐵 products

The table below shows the concentration of B at variation time

Time (minutes) 2.0 4.0 7.0 10.0 14.0 20.0

[B] (moldm3) 0.82 0.67 0.49 0.37 0.24 0.14

Draw a graph of a log10[𝐵] against time (03 marks)

(c). Using your graph, determine the

(i). Original concentration of B (02 marks)
(ii). Order of the reaction (01 mark)
(iii). Rate constant for the reaction (02 marks)
(iv). Half-life for the reaction (01 mark)

(d). (i). Using the same axes, draw a labelled diagram for energy-reaction coordinate
for a catalysed and uncatalysed reaction (04 marks)
(ii). State the difference in your diagrams (01 mark)
(iii). State how a catalyst increases the rate of a reaction. (01 mark)

(e)The rate equation for a certain reaction is; Rate = K[P][Q]2[R]

State what would happen to the rate of the reaction if

(i). [P] and [Q] are kept constant but [R] doubled (01 mark)
(ii). [P], [Q] and [R] all halved (01 mark)
(iii). [P], [Q] and [R] all doubled (01 mark)

END.

KIBUGO 6