SOLVED QUESTION BANK Oblective/Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark] charged spheres A and B having their radit in the ratio 1 : 2 are connected together with a conducting wire, The ratio of their surface charge densities [ah ICBSE 2021) 2 oy 2 1 OF ws Ans. (8) 2A general, metallic ropes are suspended on the carriers taking inflammable materials. The reason is (@) to control the speed of the carrier, @) to keep the centre of gravity of the carrier nearer to the earth. (©) to keep the body of the carrier in contact with the earth. @ none of these. Ans. (c) For providing a path to the charge induced on the nen of the carriers, Point charges + 16q and ~ 4g are located at x=0andx=L. The location of the point on x-axis at which the resultant electrie field due to these charges is zero, [CBSE 2021] @ 8L © 6L © 4L @2L Ans. (¢ the electric flux through a closed Gaussian surface depends upon [CBSE 2020] (@) Net charge enclosed and permittivity of the medium ©) Net charge enclosed, permittivity of the medium and the size of the Gaussian surface (© Net charge enclosed only (@ Permittivity of the medium only Ans. (a) Net charge enclosed and permittivity of the medium Eds be = and Where ¢ is the perm 0 similar spheres having + and —Q charges are kept at a certain distance. F force acts between the two. If at the middle of two spheres, another similar sphere having + charge is kept, then it experiences a force in magnitude and direction as (@) zero having no direction, (©) 8F towards +@ charge. (©) 8F towards -Q charge. (@) 4F towards +0 charge. at the mid-point of line joining A and C, then net force on B The direction is shown in figure. SK charge Q is divided into two parts of g and Q~ 4. If the coulomb repulsion between them when they are separated is to be maximum, the ratio of Q:, should be @ 2:1 (6) 1:2 © 4:1 @ 1:4 Ans. (a) Let separation between two parts be r, then F=kq(Q- qyr , For F to be maximum dFidg = 0 then Qlg=2/1=2:1 Four equal charges q are placed, *_a + 5 at the four corners 4, B, C, D of 2 square of length a. The magnitude, le of the force on the charge at B will be D ic 2 2 aa 3 4 @ o nga nega 2a @ te g lB 2x 4neya” nega” Ams. (c) Fic + Fy = Fy + Fe since Fy =Ans. Ans. Ans. Ans. Wo charges of equal magnitudes kept at a distance r exert a force F on each other. If the charges are halved and distance between them is doubled, then the new force acting on each charge is ee . (a) $ (6) T © 46 Mare Ans, (d) F = If Q is halved, r is doubled then cL times 6 9. ‘The electric field inside a spherical shell of uniform surface charge density is Zero. constant, less than zero. directly proportional to the distance from the centre. none of the these All charges reside on the outer surface of the shell so according to Gauss’s law, electric field inside the shell is zero. Let F, be the magnitude of the force between two small spheres, charged to a constant potential in free space and F, be the magnitude of the force between them ium of dielectric constant k. Then (F;/F,) is: (6) © @ @ 10. ICBSE 2021] 1 Or 1 or Op ) Electric field at a point varies as +° for u. (@) an electric dipole (®) 2 point charge (C-plane infinite sheet of charge (@ a line charge of infinite length © ‘An clectric dipole placed in a non-uniform electric field will experience: ICBSE 2021] (a) only a force (6) only a torque (€-Both force and torque (@ neither force nor torque © ‘The electric field intensity due to an infinite cylinder of radius & and having charge q per unit length at a distance r(r > R) from its axis is (a) directly proportional tor’. (6) directly proportional tor’. Le inversely proportional to r. (d) inversely proportional to 7’, 12. 13. Ans. 14. Ans. 15. Ans. 16. Ans. 17. io) [Eds = fds = Inve ‘According to Gauss’s law (E is, constant) at or b= Ly ie. Be Edel To B= Z ‘A point charge q is placed at a distance a/2 directly the centre of a square of side a. The electric above flux through the square is (a) qe (6) gine, (©) qe 6 (@ An imaginary cube can be made by consideriny charge q at the centre and given square is one 01 its face. So flux through the given square (i.e, one face) 6 = q/6e Let N, be the number of electric field lines going out of an imaginary cube of side a that encloses an isolated point charge 2q and N, be the corresponding number for an imaginary sphere of radius a that encloses an isolated point charge 34. Then (N,/N, is: [CBSE 202), @t wt o% @x ® The magnitude of electric field intensity E is such that, an electron placed in it would experience an electrical force equal t¢ weight is given by (@ mge (oy msle (©) elmg @ gin? (6) According to the question, eF = mg or E = my In Fig. (0 two positive charges q, and q, fixed alos the y-axis, exert a net electric force in the +x direction on a charge q, fixed along the x-axis. If a positive charge added at (x, 0) in figure(ii), the force ov gis INCERT Exemplar y rn % Q ao *@ «eo % Qs 0 wfa}-SiTT increase along the positive x-axis. (B) shall decrease along the positive x-axis, (0) shall point along the negative:x-axis, (@ shall increase but the direction changes because of the intersection of @ with g, and q,. ‘Ans. (a) The net electrostatic foree on the charge q, by the charges 9, and q, is along the positive x-direction, Hence the nature of force between q,, 93 and qy.4, should be attractive. It means g, should be negative Which of the following statement is correct? The clectrie field at a point is INCERT Exemplar] (@) always continuous. (6) continuous if there is a charge at that point, (©) discontinuous only if there is a negative charge at that point. (@ discontinuous if there is a charge at that point. ‘Ans. (d) The electric field due to any charge will be continuous. if there is no other charge in the (ous if there is acharge at the point under consideration. 19. A point charge +q is placed at a distance d from an lated conducting plane. The field at a point P on the other side of the plane is») [NCERT Exemplar] (@ directed perpendicular to the plane and away from the plane. (®) directed perpendicular to the plane but towards the plane. (©) directed radially away from the point charge. (@ directed radially towards the point charge. ‘Ans. (a) The electric field lines are away from positive 7 charge and perpendicular to the surface. Hence the ‘field at a point P om the other side of the plane is directed p perpendicular to the plane and away from e plane, Dielectric constant for metal i Ans. Infinite [Dielectric constant K = © Permittivity of £0 metals (¢) is assumed to be very high’] \_ Atal electric Hux coming out ofa unit positive charge kept in air is E Ans. 3! Total flux coming out from the unit charg. o=E.ds=4 (2 g=)) £ For question numbers 22, 23 and 24, two statements are siven-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other Jabelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (6), (e) and (d) as given below. (@) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation ofA. () Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A. (©) Ais true but R is false (@ Ais false and R is also false. \B-Assertion: An electric force acting on a proton and an electron, moving in a uniform electric field is the same, whereas acceleration of electron is 1836 times that of a proton, Reason: The mass of electron is less than the mass of proton, Ans, (b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct __ explanation of A. Assertion: The total number of electric lines of force passing through a given area in a normal is called electric flux. Reason: Electric flux is a vector quantity. Ans. (c) Ais true but R is false. \34--assertion: The net flux through a closed surface is zero due to charge which is lying outside it. Reason: Gauss law gives total flux passing through a closed surface for net charge inside the closed surface. (@ Both A and R are true and R is the correct, explanation of A. One end of a copper wire is connected to a neutral, pith ball and other end to a negatively charged plastic rod. What will be the charge acquired by 2 pith ball? [Chennai 2019] ‘Ans. Negative charge. ‘0 metallic spheres having same shape and size, but one of Cu and other of Al, are both placed in an identical electric field. In which metallic sphere will more charge be induced? Same charge will be induced on both the spheres. A the dielectric constant K'= for metals and the induced Ans. 25, Ans. 1 charge is given by q' =-@ ( -4). What does the addi mean? It means an electric charge is a scalar quantity and is added like algebraic numbers. \L287When does a charged ring behave as a point charge? ‘Ans. When the radius ofring is much smaller than the distance Inder consideration, 70 Tasulated charged copper spheres 4 and B of identical size have charges q_, and qy respectively. A third sphere C of the same size but uncharged is brought in contact with the first and then in contact with the second and finally removed from both. What are the new charges on 4 and B? [Chennai 2019] ¢ nature of electric charge‘Ans. Final charge on sphere A, 9’, = 4; sphere B, q' = 240+ 44 4 WIE. What does + 4, = 0 signify? Ams. qtm=0 => q=-% Final charge on gz and q, are the two charges of an clectric dipole. urwn is the cause of quantisation of electric charge? ‘Ans. The minimum charge that is stable, is charge of an electron. Since, electrons are transferred from one object to another, therefore, electric charge is said to be quantised. acim do you mean by conservative nature of the electric force? Ans. The electric force is conservative in nature, because the work done by it in moving a charge is path independent. wate a body contains 1, electrons and 1, protons, then what will be the total amount of charge on the body? Ans. Electric charge on n, electron: charge on n, protons = + 1n,¢ Therefore, the total charge = (7, — mj)e. \S What is the limitation of Coulomb's law? Ans. It is applied only for point charges. . What does e(absolute permittivity) signify? Ans. It is a measure of the degree to which a medium can resist ‘the movement of charges. \36-Define 1 coulomb (1 C) of electric charge. Ans. One coulomb is that charge, when placed in vacuum at a distance of one metre from an equal and similar charge, ‘would repel it with a force of 9 x 10° N. \3IT Write two properties of an electrostatic force. Ans. (a) Itis conservative in nature. (®) It depends on medium between the two charges. \38-Ts the force acting between two point electric charges q, and q, kept at some distance apart in air, attractive or repulsive when (/) 9192 > 0 (ii) 9,92 < 0? ( When 4,4, > 0, force is repulsive. (i) When 4,4, <0, force is attractive, \39-The force on an electron kept in an electric field ina particular direction is F. What will be the magnitude and direction of the force experienced by a proton kept at the same point in the field? Mass of the proton is about 1836 times the mass of the electron. = me and electric Ans. —_— P Ans. Same in magnitude and opposite in the direction as FeeE \40-How does the coulomb force between two point charges depend upon the dielectric constant of the intervening medium? 1 aaah 4nKey) 2 Coulomb force is inversely proportional to the dielectric constant of the interyening medium. Ans. F \4t- State principle of superposition of forces. Ans. Net force experienced by any charge i charges is the vector sum of the forces acting on it due a group of to rest of the charges of the group. \ dau Define the dielectric constant of a medium. What its unit? Ans. Diclectric constant of a medium is defined as the ratio of the force between two charges placed a certain distance apart in vacuum to the force between the same two charges placed the same distance apart in the medium. Tt has no units. \.43-TWo equal balls having equal positive charge q coulombs are suspended by two insulating strings of equal length. What would be the effect on the force when a plastic sheet is inserted between the two? fa12014) Ans, Electric force will reduce as plastic is an insulator. The Yorce betw two charges wall egue BY TR, where Ris the dielectric constant of. plastic. sive electric field lines never cross each other. y? Ans. Two field lines can never cross each other. If they did. the field at the point of intersection will not have a unique direction, which is absurd. \_45 Draw the electric field lines due to a point charge () Q> 0 and (ii) Q<0. @ 9>0 (i) O<0 2 OK \_45-Why do the electric field lines not form any closed loops? Ans. ‘Ans. Because they originate from positive (+ve) chat terminate at negative (-ve) charge. raw electric field lines for a system of two charges gy and q, such that © a> %4,>4,>0 44, < 95 4) > Lgl <8, lay > Fen]Ans. (i) « oN Null point \U Draw the electric field tines if (a point charge+ gis Placed at the centre (i) a point charge + q is placed at a distance R/2 from the centre. Ans. (i) 4 di) 49 What is the physical significance of electric field? Ans. From the knowledge of electric field intensity at any point, we can readily calculate the magnitude and the direction of force experienced by any charge qo placed at that point. <50,Define the term electric dipole moment. Is ita scalar or a vector quantity? Ans. The product of the magnitude of one ofthe point charges constituting an electric dipole and the. ‘separation between them is termed as electric dipole moment. is a vector quantity. [. What is an ideal (point) dipole? Ans. An ideal dipole is the dipole whose size (2a) is vanishingly small, and the magnitude of electric charges constituting by it is very large, and the product, ic, 2ag is finite, 2kpir? _ 2 a! pir) I Two point charges +g and—g are placed at a distance 4 apart. What are the points at which the resultant electric field is parallel to the line joining the two charges? (0 Atany point on axial line (ii) At any point on equitorial line of a dipole At F is the magnitude of force experienced by a unit charge placed at a distance of 1 em from an Infinitely large charged sheet, then what will be the force experienced by the same charge placed at a distance of 2 em from the same sheet? [HOTS] in case of sheet of charge, the electric field is constant, Hence, F= Be ‘Ans. GE will be same irrespective of distance, ‘What is the direction of net force on electric dipole, placed in a non-uniform electric field? ‘Ans. Since, the electric field at the location of charge -¢ is more than that of field at charge +g. Therefore, the direction of net force will be in the direction opposite to the direction of E. \56-Avlien does an electric dipole placed in a non-uniform electric field experience a zero torque but non-zero force? ‘Ans. When the dipole axis is parallel to the direction of electric field,_§ «52-Name the physical quantity whose SI unit is V.m. Is it a vector or a scalar quantity? ‘Ans. The physical quantity is an electric flux. It is a scalar quantity. \S58- Define the term electric flux. Write its SI unit. [Foreign 2017] Ans. Electric flux through an area is the product of magnitude of area and the component of electric field vector normal to it. be = AS (E cos0) = B.S Its SI unit is NC mn’, 59. What is a Gaussian surface? Ans. A Gaussian surface is an imaginary closed surface in three dimensional space through withthe flux of vector field is calculated,erwin is the use of a Gaussian surface? ‘Ans, The system will be in equilibrium if, Ans. A Gaussian surface is used to determine the electric eet field intensity around a point charge or charged body. eee 8 ener 61. Why can a Gaussian surface not pass through any Ag o a discrete charge? kg? ‘Ans, Because the electric field due to a system of discrete Fao 2 a chasges is not defined at the location of any charge. BT charges of magnitudes -2@ and +@ are located at points (a, 0) and (4a, 0) respectively, What is the electric flux due to these charges through a sphere 4 -—~ ‘ of radius 3a with its centre at the origin? [AI 2013] 63-Two fixed point charges + 4 ¢ and + ¢ units are Ans. According to the Gauss’s theorem, the total clectric flux separated by a distance ‘a’. Where should the third point charge be placed for it to be in equilibrium? 4 =>4 through any closed surface is equal to times, the total charge enclosed by the surface, 0 ‘Ans. The third charge (g) is in equilibrium only when enclosed. : oe s 2a-2x = x=93x= 2a x= 2a joes the charge given to a metallic sphere depend on. i itis v or solid? aan) ee Mar eee ath aa 1. Itshould be placed ata distance > a from the charge ‘Ans, No. Electric charge resides on the outer surface only. Be rie. i Short Apswer Type Questions [2 Marks] Hiv small balls with equal positive charges g coulomb wo emma the force of attraction between two point are suspended by two insulating strings of equal electric charges, distance d apart is F. What distance length / metre from a hook fixed to a stand. The apart should these be kept in the same medium so whole set up is taken in a satellite into space where int: there isno gravity. Find the angle between the strings 3F (i)? i that the force between them becomes (9 3F (i) = See th seciace ‘Ans. Fora given pair of point charges ina medium Fx Wd” ans Theany le betweenstringsis 180° asonly electrostatic foree (@ Forthe force to become 3F, the separation d must of repulsion will act on the two positively charged balls. become div i 1 a (ii) For the force to become FS, the'separation ‘d Fi<—¢— 3A 4 must become /3d. 20 An electron and a proton are released in the uniform ‘The magnitude of force on each ball is given by electric field. Will they experience same force and iene have same acceleration? ae le gm e= 1.6 10’ Cand m A . Ans, As we know |g,i=lq,=¢= 1.6% 10 Candm,>>m. © ¢9-An oll drop of mass m and charge ~ q is to be held ‘The magnitude of force experience by each is same as stationary in the gravitational field of the earth. What F = 8 for both, but their directions will be opposite Is the magnitude and direction of the electrostatic ane, field required for this purpose? and they will not have same acceleration a iga, < Hs > Fay n’s third law is obeyed by the ‘Coulomb’s law. jefine the term ‘electric dipole moment’. Is ita scalar or vector? Deduce an expression for the electric field at a point on the equatorial plane of an electric dipole of length 2a. Wei 2019} Electric dipole moment is a measurement of the strength of electric dipole. Itis given by p = ga) Cm, where P isthe clectric dipole moment and 2a is the separation between the changes. Itis a vector quantity directed from negative to positive charge on the line joining them. €) Ans. ole be made of two equal and opposite charges +g and -g, separated by 2a. Consider a point Pata distance r from the mid-point, Field at P due to kg ae 24a pointing as shown. (+a) Resolving electric fields due to two charges. We can see that Y-axis components get cancelled out. each charge will be of equal magnitude |. 2. Net field at P, E = 2E, cos 0 2k a (+a) (P40)! _ __2agk Jp Cra aay (P+a2)* E= ra’ (cos 0 = (pointing anti-parallel to dipole moment) Ifr>> a, ie. a? can be neglected in comparison to 77 p=” 3 (anti-parallel to p) (@) A point charge (+9) is kept in the vicinity of uncharged conducting plate. Sketch electric field lines between the charge and the plate. IKVS, Dethi 2019} ‘Two infinitely large plane thin parallel sheets having surface charge densities 6, and ¢, («,><;) are shown in the figure. Write the magnitudes and directions of net fields in the regions marked Thand HL. [Foreign 2014] Ab The lines of force due to a positive charge placed near a metal plate are as shown in the figure. () ‘Ans. (a) (6) Inthe region II between the plates E, and E, are ‘opposite to each other. Tht EB iy 0, Ess +0, 1A ou Bow Aso, > oy [E,|>[Egl and resultant field = E, 2 L Tepe t OD Som d wo B In the region Ill, both E, and E, are supporting each other. Eu = L(G, + 0,) away from 8. 26 2) \BATin electric dipote ts held in a uniform electric fed. (@ Using suitable diagram, show that it does not undergo any transtatory motion, and derive an expression for the torque acting on it and specify its direction, (Panchkula 2019) Force on +g, +qE cy ans () > Foree on -q, Fy =~ gEAs forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, therefore, net force = 0. Thus, no translatory motion, += F 2isin 0) = gE 21 sind tm pre (p= al) ‘Khemispherical surface lies as shown in an uniform electric field region. Find the net electric flux through. the curved surface if electric field is (@ along x-axis, and — (b) along y-axis. (@) Since, the number of field lines entering the hemisphere is equal to number of field lines leaving. Hence, the net electric lux through itis zer0. (b) As no charge is enclosed, therefore net electric flux is given by aa Ans. $= 440 where ¢, = Electric flux through the curved surface area 4, = Electric flux through the plane surface area nee => 6, = — E+ wR? cos 180° = E+ nk? > a, E> 2pi(negr). ® Ay ox x a Given the electric field in the region E = 2xi, find the net electric flux through the cube and the charge enclosed by it. {Delhi 2015} Electric field intensity an axial line of an electric dipole: Refer to Point 12(i) of Important Terms and Concepts. As the electric field is along x-axis only the faces perpendicular to the direction of x-axis, contribute to the electric flux. ()93. (a) 94, (a) o © Total ux, §= 6, + 4, [RR ES i 3 O50 (vEy=2*0=0) $7 [EB = f2a-as i i E, = 2a); (0= 2a? a o= Charge enclosed () = $&) = 2e,a° Consider a system of n charges 44 435 + Jy with position vectors Fy 7yy Fy. 7, Telative to some origin 0. Deduce the expression for the net electric field E at a point P with position vector F,, due to this system of charges. (6) Ans, (a) (O) Find the resultant electric field due to an electric dipole of dipole moment, 2aq, (2a being the separation between the charge + q) at a point distant x on its equator. [Foreign 2015] By the superposition principle, Bop = B+ El + B+ = [tps Liye a ae 7 1 agi. mo t 2 Ship where rp = rp-1, £0 ~ Featiee ie " Electric field intensity on equatorial line of an electric dipole. Refer to Point 12(b) (ii) Important Terms and Concepts. Derive an expression for the electric field E due to a dipole of length ‘2a’ at a point distant r from the centre of the dipole on the axial line. Draw a graph of E versus r for r>> a. If this dipole were kept in a uniform external electric field Ey, diagrammatically represent the posi [Panchkula 2019}, ion of the dipole in stable and unstable equilibrium and write the expressions for the torque acting on the dipole in both the cases. Ans, (a) Refer to Point 12 (6) ( Important Terms and Concepts © 95. An electric dipole of dipole moment p is held ina “"* [A 2017] ® et Ea 5 ‘Dipole in Stable equilibrium Dipole in Unstable equilibrium, ea 0 = 180° ———> = t= pE sin 180° <<) = wo =0 aa * uniform electric field E. iii) @ Prove that no translatory force acts on the dipole. (@ Hence prove that the torque acting on the dipole is given by pE sin 0, indicating the direction along which it acts, How much work is required in turning the cleetrie dipole, from the position of most stable equilibrium to the position of most unstable equilibrium? 96. (a) (@ and (ji) Refer to Ans. 84, Gi) W= E (c0s 0; ~ cos 8,) Stable equilibrium corresponds to 8, = 0° Unstable equilibrium corresponds to 8, = 180°. W =~ pE (cos 180° - cos 0°) == pE(1-1)=2pE Define electric flux. Write its SI units. (®) Using Gauss’s law; prove that the electric field at a point due to a uniforn plane sheet is independent of the distance from charged infin (©) How Is the field directed if (i) the sheet is positively charged, negatively charged? [Roreign 2012)97..(a) Ans. (a) ‘Ans. (a) Refer to Ans, 58. (6) Electric ficld intensity due to thin infinite charged plane sheet: Refer to Point 16() Important Terms and Concepts For positively charged sheet, the electric field is directed away from the sheet. For negatively charged sheet, the electric field is directed towards the planeshcet. State Gauss’s law. Use it to deduce the expression for the electric field due to a uniformly charged thin spherical shell at points (i) inside and Gi) outside the shell, Two identical metallic spheres 4 and B having charges +4 Q and -10Q are kept a certain distance apart. A third identical uncharged sphere C is first placed in contact with sphere A and then with sphere B. Spheres A and B are then brought in contact and then separated. Find the charges on the spheres A and B. Gauss’s Law states that the net outward flux through any closed surface is equal to t times the charge enclosed by the closed surface. (@) When the point P is inside the shell. Refer to Point 16(c) (i) Important Terms and Concepts. (i) When the point P lies outside the shell Refer to Point 16(c) (ii) Important Terms and Concepts. Initial charge on the sphere A = + 4 Q Initial charge on the sphere B = — 10 Since, all the three spheres are identical, they have the same capacity. When uncharged sphere C is placed in contact with A, the total charge is equally shared between them. <. Charge on C after contact with — 0+40 _ any 28 and charge on A after contact with C= 2Q. When sphere C carrying a charge 2 C is placed in contact with B, again charges are equally shared between C and B. Charge on Cafteritis in contact with B= =-40 Now, when sphere A with a charge of 2 Q is placed in contact with B, with charge ~ 4 Q. Charge on A = 2 =-Q “10 (©) ©) @) (2-100 2 and charge on 98. (a) (0) Ans. (a) ® Define electric flux. Is it a scalar or a vector quantity? A point charge q is at a distance of d/2 directly above the centre of a square of side d, as shown in the figure. Use Gauss’ law to obtain the expression for the electric flux through the square. ol q ——<— If the point charge is now moved to a distance “d from the centre of the square and the side of the square is doubled, explain how the electric flux will be affected. [CBSE 2018] Electric flux through an area is the product of the ‘magnitude of the area and the component of electric field vector normal to it. $¢ = AS(E cos®) = EAS Its SI unit is NC! m*. It is a scalar quantity. oe r ~—— 4 ——— Enclosing a charge q in a cube each of edge “a” and using Gauss’s law that Electric flux (6) through the cube _ Charge enclosed ® ‘There are 6 faces of cube in total. 2 Electric flux through one face = => 6 & If side of a square is increased to 2d then we can again construct a Gaussian surface in the form of a cube of each side 2d, which encloses same charge qa then also electric flux through the cube a 0 la, And through each face = 5-2, i.e. remains unchanged99. (a) @) © Ans. (a) @) ©) 100. (a) @) Use Gauss’s law to derive the expression for the electric field (E) due to a straight uniformly charged infinite line of charge density 4 C/m. Draw a graph to show the variation of E with Perpendicular distance r from the line of charge. Find the work done in bringing a charge q from perpendicular distance r, to ry (ry > r)- {CBSE 2018] Refer to Point 16(a) Important Terms and Concept. et 0 > ‘Work done in moving a charge ‘g' through a small displacement dr is given by dW = F.dr =qE.dr dW = gEdrcos 0 (0= 0° and cos 0° = 1) dW = q* -dr @ Faeyr sth Bip oh near Work done in moving the given charge from r, to nmr Ww Wwe Ph tea, Io rn) w= 24 tog, 2 2mey Use Gauss’s theorem to find the electric field due to a uniformly charged infinitely large plane thin sheet with surface. An infinitely large thin plane sheet has a uniform surface charge density +c. Obtain the expression for the amount of work done in bringing a point charge q from infinity to a point, distant r, in front of the charged plane sheet. [AI 2017] Electric field intensity due to a thin infinite plane sheet charge: Refer to Point 16(b) Important Terms and Concepts. Work done in bringing a charge from 2 to given point P is given by weq fé n la = nd 2) Ww 0 r=] Z-=] 101. (a) Deduce the expression for the torque acting on a dipole of dipole moment p in the presence of a uniform electric field E. (6) Consider two hollow concentric spheres, S, and ‘Sy enclosing charges 2@ and 4@ respectively as shown in the figure. (/) Find out the ratio of the electric flux through them. (i) How will the electric flux through the sphere S, change if a medium of dielectric constant ‘c,’ is introduced in the space inside S, in place of air? Deduce the necessary expression. TAL 2014) 40 8 ‘Ans..(a) Torque experienced by an electric dipole in « uniform electric field: Refer to Point 13 Important Terms and Concepts. (&) — Charge enclosed in sphere, 5, = 20 ‘©. Blectri¢ flux through sphere, 2 4-22 £ Charge enclosed in sphere, S, = 29+40=60 :. Electric flux through sphere, 60 5, = 4-28 a aes , &- 22,21 @ & @ 3 (i) Ifa medium of relative permittivity ©, side sphere S,, then a= 22-8 area, bf al Problems 102. Two point charges having equal charges separated by I m distance experience a force of 8 N. What will be the force experienced by them, if they are held it water, at the same distance? (Givens Ky gie- = 80)‘Ans. The force Fin water is given by Fak ot Fre Wt = 5 = 1 eon kK 80 10 103. Three point charges of +2 1C, -3 uC and -3 Care kept at the vertices 4, B and C respectively of an equilateral triangle of side 20 cm as shown in the figure. What should be the sign and magnitude of the charge to be placed at the mid-point (Mf) of side BCso that the charge at 4 remains in equilibrium? 2yc A c <—20om—> ~3uc ~3he Ans. «AB = BC = AC = 20 em= 0. 20 mi and AM = /(0.2)*— (0.1)? = Y0.03 m “+ Charge at is in equilibrium + Magnitude of force on charge at A due to charges at B and C must be equal and opposite to the magni of force on charge at A due to charge at M. M ene <—20 em 2 VE a) + Epc) + 2(Fg) Ege) 208 60° = Fy) (210°) (-3 x10) (0.2)? sod = OI sgn (003) On putting values in eqn (9, and on solving we will get H(-3%10) 2x10°9V3._ kQ.2x1 0.04 0.03 93 or ue The nature of the charge is positive (+ve). An electron moves a distance of 6.0 cm when accelerated from rest by an electric field of strength 2.x 10* NC". Calculate the time of travel. {HOTS| Ans. Given that For an electron, u = 0, Jel = 1.6 « 10" C, =2x 10° NIC, =F 104. 5 = 6.0 cm = 6.0 x 10 m, Time of travel, Asweknow a= © and F=|eE 1.6*10-)(2*104) (9.1107) 32 1016 mys? = 2 x10" me 91 Now, as sauttar sumo = ' - [& 2(6.0 x10) Va” J 32 ig 91 = 5.8% 107s 105. An electric dipole of length 4 cm, when placed with its axis making an angle of 60° with a uniform electric field, experiences a torque of 4¥3 Nm. Calculate the potential energy of the dipole, if it has charge 48 nC. [Dethi 2014) Ans. Give 4V3, ee + = pEsin@ > 4V3 = pE sin 60° = pE te pE = 8 Slunits U@) = ~ pE cos 0 =~ 8 x cos 60° =- 45 106. Two small identical electrical dipoles AB and CD, each of dipole moment p are kept at an angle of 120° as shown in the figure. What is the resultant dipole moment of this combination? If this system is subjected to electric field (E) directed along +X direction, what will be the magnitude and direction of the torque acting on thi Y ~abe +a) y ‘Ans. The resultant dipole moment is given by Pp = p+ p+ 2p cos 120° =p ‘According to the figure,3 tan = 200 P+ poosd 1 * tang = 3 2 “V3 > 4 = tan" V3 = 60° As the electric field and p are having an angle of 30°. x + = PE sin 30° = FE The direction of torque is clockwise when viewed from above, i.e. into the plane of the paper. 107. Two large parallel thin metallic plates are placed close to each other. The plates have surface charge densities of opposite signs and of magnitude 20 x10"? C/m’, Calculate the electric field intensity (@ in the outer region of the plates, and (i in the interior region between the plates. [Dehradun 2019] ‘Ans. Electric field due to positively charged plate is given by s < aff 2 |] Lp lee yf 2 Ye Su 25 Electric field due to negatively charged plate is given by ‘pyeS2s 3: 2g: For 6, =0,=6 (@ Net electric field in the outer region is calculated as ora Oe 2e, 26> (ii), Netelectrc field in the interior region is calculated as ey 26) 2 20107 Cm” .26 NC ° 8.85% 107? CN“ 108. Given a uniformly charged plane/ sheet of surface charge density = 2x10" C/m?, x [x 50cm —>| Z 10m —>t (@ Find the electric field intensity at a point A, ‘5mm away from the sheet on the left side. (i) Given a straight line with three points X, Yand Z placed 50 cm away from the charged sheet on the right side. At which of these points, the field due to the sheet remain the same as that of point A and why? [CBSE Sample Paper 2016} ss 2*10"7 ey) 2%8,85x10-" = 1.1 x 10% NIC directed away from the sheet. (ii) At point ¥, the field due the sheet remains the same as that of point A. Because at 50 cm, the charged sheet acts as a finite sheet and thus, the magnitude remains same towards the middle region of the planar sheet. At point Xand Z, which are near the outer boundary of the plate; field lines bend duc to the fringing effect. 109. Acharge Qis distributed uniformly on a ring of radius R.A sphere of equal radius R is constructed with its centre at the periphery of the ring. Find the flux of the electric field through the surface of the sphere. + Ans, () At a point 4, E = 5 ‘Sphere 78 Since, AAQO’ and ABO" are equilateral triangles. ZAOB = ZOO! + ZBOO! = 120° Ans. —s 2 AO'B = =nR 57 -+ Charge on circumference, 2nR = Q. 2x2 aR 2nR 3 ©. Electric flux through the sphere, o- B-2 3 ‘The electric field in a region is given by +. Charge on arc AO’ 10. Belptaie? E= shel tei with Ey = 2.0 x 10° NIC Find the flux of this field through a rectangular surface area of 0.2 m? parallel to y-z plane. Given that 4 = 0.2 m? 7 Using formula, Ans, o= Ba Bite j} 02) Li = 32410022240 NC111. Given a uniform electric field E =5x 10" NIC, find the flux of this field through a square of 10 cm ona side whose plane is parallel to the y-z plane. What would be the flux through the same square if the plane makes a 30° angle with the x-axis? [Dethi 2014] Ans. Given that E = 5 x 10°7 NIC, A =(10 em x 10 em) x107 7 m? o 08d = EA cos 0? (as cos 0= 1) 6) = 5* 10° 107 = 50 Vm (i 4) = EA = EA cos 30° = 50x 3 25/5 vim 2 Case-Based/Passage-Based integrated Questions 112, Electric flux through an area is defined as E/A. Gauss law is used to assess amount of enclosed change. The concept of flux and Gauss law is very useful as in cases of non planar area calculation of flux is not ‘easy. Gauss law is also very important in calculating the electrostatic field. Flux due to change is additive in nature. Gauss Law does not depend on the shape. (@ Gauss law is dependent on internal charge configuration. (@) No it’s not @) Yes, it depend on charge configuration. (© May be (@ Both (a) and (6) (i Is it necessary condition to have symmetric surface for Gauss law application? @ Yes No (© May be (@ Depends on situation (ii) Electric flux through a closed surface is due to (@) Total charge enclosed. (©) Total charge present on the surface. (©) Total charge induced on surface. @ Allof the above. (#) The Gaussian surface should not be passed through any discrete charge because (a) Electric field becomes zero. (©) Electric field remains constant. (0) Electric field due to a system of discrete charge is not well defined at location at any charge. (@ Electric field is continuous charge distribution. Ans, 113, Ans, (») What will be flux of a box with no change in it? @ Flux will be gley (0) Flux will be zero (©) Flux depends on symmetry (@ Not sufficient information (® (a) Gauss law doesn’t depend on internal configuration. (i) (@ Gauss law is applicable on symmetric surfaces. (iif) (a) The flux through a closed surface is () (©) Electric field is not well defined.” “? ©) ‘An electric dipole is a system consisting of the two equal and opposite point charges seperated by a small and finite distance, If dipole moment of this system is p and it is placed in a uniform electric field E. (Write the expression of torque experienced by a dipole. Identify two pairs of perpendicular vectors in the expression. ‘Show diagrammatically the orientation of the dipole in the field for which the torque is @ Maximum. @ Half the maximum value. C) Gi (© Zero. © t=prE or t= pEsin® here p = 2aq (If point charges are q and -q separated by a distance 2a.) (i) Torque is perpendicular to dipole moment and electric field. ¢ 1 p and tL E (ii) (@) Maximum Torque + = pE when 0 = 90° ——— “4 pt ® 30° or 150° © 0° or 180° =p é pE sin 0° = 0 ae r= minimum