California

Subject
Examinations for
Teachers ®

TEST GUIDE

MATHEMATICS
SUBTEST II
Sample Questions and Responses
and Scoring Information

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 Sample Test Questions for CSET: Mathematics Subtest II
0B

Below is a set of multiple-choice questions and constructed-response questions that are similar to the questions
you will see on Subtest II of CSET: Mathematics. Please note that, as on the actual test form, approximately
one third of the multiple-choice questions in this test guide are more complex questions that require 2–3 minutes
each to complete. You are encouraged to respond to the questions without looking at the responses provided in
the next section. Record your responses on a sheet of paper and compare them with the provided responses.

A calculator will be needed and will be allowed only for Mathematics Subtest II: Geometry; Probability
and Statistics. You must bring your own graphing calculator to the test administration, and it must be one of
the approved models listed on the California Educator Credentialing Examinations website. Since the approved
calculator brands and models are subject to change, the list of approved graphing calculators will be updated as
necessary. Test administration staff will clear the memory of your calculator before and after the test. Be sure
you back up the memory on your calculator, including applications, to an external device before arriving at the
test site.

1. Use the diagram below to answer the question that

follows.
y

B
θ

β x

In the diagram above, θ and β are complementary angles and

lines B and m are given by a1x + b1y = c1 and a2x + b2y = c2,
respectively. Which of the following must be true?

A. a1c1 = a2c2

B. b1c2 = b2c1

C. a1b1 = a2b2

D. a1b2 = a2b1

California Subject Examinations for Teachers Test Guide 1

Mathematics Subtest II

Use the incomplete proof below to answer the two questions that follow.

Given: Quadrilateral ABCD is a parallelogram.

m ≅ DC
Prove: AB m; BC
m ≅ AD
m A E E A A E E A A E E A A E E

Statement Reason

m
1. Draw BD A E E 1. Between any two points there exists a line.
m ≅ BD
2. BD m
A E E A A E E 2. Reflexive property of equality.
3. 3.
4. K ABD ≅ K CDB 4.
m ≅ CD
5. ABA m; AD
m ≅ BC
E mE A A E E A A E E A A E E 5. Corresponding parts of congruent triangles are
congruent.

2 California Subject Examinations for Teachers Test Guide

 Mathematics Subtest II

2. Which of the following is the missing statement and reason for line 3?

A. Statement Reason
3. ∠ADC ≅ ∠CBA; ∠DAB ≅ ∠DCB 3. Definition of a parallelogram

B. Statement Reason
3. ∠ABD ≅ ∠BDC; ∠ADB ≅ ∠CBD 3. If two lines are parallel, alternate
interior angles are congruent.

C. Statement Reason
3. K ADC ≅ K CBA 3. SSS

D. Statement Reason
3. K ACD ≅ K CAB 3. SAS

3. Which of the following is the missing reason for statement 4?

A. SAS

B. AAA

C. SSS

D. ASA

California Subject Examinations for Teachers Test Guide 3

Mathematics Subtest II

4. Which of the following can be proved without using Euclid's

parallel postulate?

A. The sum of the angles in a triangle is 180°.

B. Vertical angles are congruent.

C. Opposite sides of a parallelogram are congruent.

D. If two parallel lines are intersected by a transversal,

alternate interior angles are congruent.

5. Use the statement below to answer the question that

follows.

If a transversal intersects two parallel lines, then the

alternate interior angles are congruent.

If the above statement is false, which of the following is also

false?

A. Supplementary angles sum to 180°.

B. Vertical angles are congruent.

C. The base angles of an isosceles triangle are congruent.

D. The angle sum of every triangle is 180°.

4 California Subject Examinations for Teachers Test Guide

 Mathematics Subtest II

6. Use the diagram below to answer the question that

follows.

A E

m is parallel to CD
If AB
A E E A m, which of the following is true? A E E A

A. AC = BD

EC CD
B. BE
A

E
A = AB
A

C. ED = EC

ED EC
D. BE
A

E
A = AE
A

7. Use the diagram below to answer the question that

follows.

Given that a is an altitude of K ABC, what is the length of a?

A. A 7 E

B. A 3 E

39
C. A

4
E E

5
D. A

2
E E

California Subject Examinations for Teachers Test Guide 5

Mathematics Subtest II

8. Use the diagram below to answer the question that

follows.

A boat is seen in the ocean. The angle and distance

measurements in the diagram above are made from the
shore. Which of the following equations relating the
distance, x, of the boat from the shore and the given
measurements is true?

x x
A. A

sin 60° + sin 40° = 100

A

E
A A

x x
B. cos 60° + sin 40° = 100
A A

E
A A

x x
C. cos 60° + cos 40° = 100
A A

E
A A

x x
D. tan 60° + tan 40° = 100
A A

E
A A

6 California Subject Examinations for Teachers Test Guide

 Mathematics Subtest II

9. An artist has been commissioned to build a statue equidistant

from the three sides of a triangular park. If the artist has a
scale drawing of the triangular park, which of the following
constructions could the artist use in determining the location
of the statue?

A. bisecting a given angle

B. bisecting a given line segment

C. constructing an angle congruent to a given angle

D. constructing a segment congruent to a given segment

10. A regular hexagon has a perimeter of 72 cm. Which of the

following is the approximate area of the hexagon in cm2?

A. 144

B. 339

C. 374

D. 452

11. S(4, 0) and T(–2, 0) are two fixed points in a coordinate axis
system, and point P has coordinates (x, y). If the length of
m is twice the length of PT
PS
A E E A m, which of the following correctly
A E E A

describes the locus of points satisfying these conditions?

A. an ellipse with foci (–2, 0) and (4, 0)

B. an ellipse with foci (–4, 0) and (2, 0)

C. a circle with center (2, 0)

D. a circle with center (–4, 0)

California Subject Examinations for Teachers Test Guide 7

Mathematics Subtest II

12. Plane α is perpendicular to plane β. The two planes intersect

in m. If line k is perpendicular to α and skew to m, then
line k is:

A. parallel to β.

B. contained in β.

C. tangent to β.

D. perpendicular to β.

13. Use the diagram below to answer the question that

follows.

t
α

If line s is perpendicular to lines r and t and both r and t lie in

plane α, which of the following is true?

A. Line s is perpendicular to any line in plane α that passes

through the intersection of r and t.

B. Lines r and t are perpendicular to each other.

C. Lines s and t define a plane that forms an acute dihedral

angle with plane α.

D. Lines r, s, and t are coplanar.

8 California Subject Examinations for Teachers Test Guide

 Mathematics Subtest II

14. A cylindrical can is 10 inches in height and has a surface area

of about 245 square inches, including the top and bottom.
Which of the following is the approximate volume of the can
in cubic inches?

A. 283

B. 385

C. 583

D. 785

15. A sphere of radius r is cut into slices by planes passing

through the center of the sphere. Which of the following
expressions gives the total surface area of the slices in terms
of n, the number of cuts?

4 2
A. 3πr
A A

E
A EA + 2nπr 2 A EA

4 2
B. 3πr
A A

E
A EA + nπr 2
A EA

C. 4πr 2 + nπr 2 A EA A EA

D. 4πr 2 + 2nπr 2A EA A EA

California Subject Examinations for Teachers Test Guide 9

Mathematics Subtest II

16. Use the diagram below to answer the question that

follows.

m
8 cm 8c
m
8 cm 8c
m 2m
8 cm 8c

6 6 6
cm cm cm

A beam of wood in the shape of a rectangular prism 2 meters

long is cut into 6 pieces, as shown in the diagram above.
What is the volume of the shaded piece?

A. 14,400 cm3

B. 14,600 cm3

C. 14,800 cm3

D. 15,000 cm3

10 California Subject Examinations for Teachers Test Guide

 Mathematics Subtest II

17. Use the diagram below to answer the question that

follows.
y

A'
B'
C'

x
B
C
A

The diagram above shows the transformation of ABC under

the composition R2R1, where R1 is a reflection over line n,
followed by a reflection R2 over line m. Transforming ABC
under the composition R1 R2 would demonstrate that:

A. the set of reflections does not include inverse elements.

B. the composition of transformations is not commutative.

C. the composition of two reflections is not an isometry.

D. the composition of transformations is not associative.

California Subject Examinations for Teachers Test Guide 11

Mathematics Subtest II

18. Use the diagrams below to answer the question that

follows.

Transformation T(x, y) maps the square in Diagram 1 to

the parallelogram in Diagram 2. Which of the following
could be T?

1 0 x
A. T(x, y) = 0 1 y
A E A A E

0 1 x
B. T(x, y) = 1 0 y
A E A A E

1 1 x
C. T(x, y) = 0 1 y
A E A A E

1 1 x
D. T(x, y) = 1 1 y
A E A A E

12 California Subject Examinations for Teachers Test Guide

 Mathematics Subtest II

19. Lines m and k are perpendicular. Plane figure ABC is first

reflected over line m, and then reflected over line k. This
transformation is equivalent to which of the following
transformations?

A. 90° rotation

B. 180° rotation

C. glide reflection

D. reflection over the line bisecting the right angle

20. A hexagon undergoes a coordinate transformation given by

1
T:(x, y) → (3x, 2y). What is the ratio of the area of the original
A A

polygon to the area of the transformed hexagon?

4
A. 9
A

2
B. 3
A

3
C. 2
A

9
D. 4
A

21. A test contains 50 multiple-choice questions and each

question has five possible answers. If a student answers
every question, how many different ways can the student
answer the questions on the test?

A. 550

B. 505

C. 5! × 50

D. 5 × 50!

California Subject Examinations for Teachers Test Guide 13

Mathematics Subtest II

22. A collection of 22 laptops includes 6 defective laptops. If a

sample of 3 laptops is randomly chosen from the collection,
what is the probability that at least one laptop in the sample
will be defective?

A. 0.136

B. 0.273

C. 0.364

D. 0.636

23. The volume of liquid in soda cans is normally distributed with a

mean of 12 fl. oz. and a standard deviation of 0.05 fl. oz. What
is the approximate percentage of cans of this brand of soda
that contain less than 11.9 fl. oz.?

A. 0.5%

B. 1%

C. 2.5%

D. 5%

14 California Subject Examinations for Teachers Test Guide

 Mathematics Subtest II

24. If a normally distributed data set has a mean of 40.0 and a

standard deviation of 1.5, in which of the following graphs
does the shaded area represent the probability that a given
member of the set is greater than or equal to 39 and less
than or equal to 42?

A.

B.

C.

D.

California Subject Examinations for Teachers Test Guide 15

Mathematics Subtest II

25. A scientist who has been weighing birds collected from the
wild discovers that the laboratory scale has been reading out
weights that are 1.5 ounces heavier than the birds' actual
weights. Which of the following descriptive statistics is likely
to be most affected by this error?

A. skewness

B. range

C. variance

D. quartiles

14
26. If the standard deviation of the set {4, 9, x} is A

E3, EA which of
the following is a possible value of x?

A. 11

B. 8

C. 7

D. 2

27. If the regression line for a data set is y = –2.7x + 4.8, which of
the following is the most reasonable value for the correlation
coefficient of the data set?

A. –2.7

B. –0.8

C. 4.8

D. 0.7

16 California Subject Examinations for Teachers Test Guide

 Constructed-Response Assignments
1B

Read each assignment carefully before you begin your response. Think about how you will organize your
response. An erasable notebooklet will be provided at the test center for you to make notes, write an outline, or
otherwise prepare your response. For the examination, your final responses to each constructed-response
assignment must be either:

1) typed into the on-screen response box,

2) written on a response sheet and scanned using the scanner provided at your workstation, or
3) provided using both the on-screen response box (for typed text) and a response sheet (for calculations or
drawings) that you will scan using the scanner provided at your workstation.

California Subject Examinations for Teachers Test Guide 17

Mathematics Subtest II

28. Use the diagram below to complete the exercise that follows.
y
S

U V

x
R T

Use techniques of coordinate geometry to prove that the segment joining the midpoints of two
sides of a triangle is parallel to the third side of the triangle and one half its length.

18 California Subject Examinations for Teachers Test Guide

 Mathematics Subtest II

29. Complete the exercise that follows.

Find the equation of the curve traced by a point that moves so the sum of its distances to the
points (0, 0) and (0, 4) is 12.

California Subject Examinations for Teachers Test Guide 19

Mathematics Subtest II

30. Complete the exercise that follows.

Housing units in U.S. suburban areas in 1999 were distributed as follows: 69.1% owner
occupied, 24.6% renter occupied, and 6.3% vacant. A researcher, wishing to determine
whether this distribution is currently the same, takes a random sample of 500 current housing
units in U.S. suburban areas and obtains the following data: 375 owner-occupied units,
100 renter-occupied units, and 25 vacant units.

• State the null hypothesis that the researcher should use to determine if these data suggest
that the distribution of current year-round housing differs from the 1999 distribution.

• Based on the 1999 distribution, determine the number of housing units, out of a sample of
500, expected to be owner occupied, renter occupied, and vacant.

• Determine the value of the chi-square (χ2) test statistic for these sample data.

• The table below gives the probability corresponding to given values on a χ2-distribution
with two degrees of freedom. Use the table to determine if, at the 5% significance level,
the data suggest that the distribution of current housing units in U.S. suburban areas
differs from the 1999 distribution.

Probability 0.10 0.05 0.025 0.01 0.005

χ2 4.605 5.991 7.378 9.210 10.597

20 California Subject Examinations for Teachers Test Guide

 Annotated Responses to Sample Multiple-Choice Questions for CSET:
2B

Mathematics Subtest II

Geometry
5B

1. Correct Response: D. (SMR Code: 3.1) Since θ and β are complementary angles, the third angle in the

right triangle in the diagram equals θ. The angle vertical to this third angle θ also equals θ. Therefore,

since the alternate exterior angles of lines B and m both equal θ, lines B and m are parallel. The equations
–a1 c1
of lines B and m can be converted to slope-intercept form: a1x + b1y = c1 ⇒ y = b x + b and A EA A A

1 1 E

–a2 c2 –a1 –a2

a2x + b2y = c2 ⇒ y = b x + b . Since B and m are parallel, b = b , so a1b2 = a2b1.
A EA A EA A A A A

2 2 1 2 E E

2. Correct Response: B. (SMR Code: 3.1) Bm D is a transversal to both pairs of parallel lines: A§D and B§C
A E E A AE EA EA EA

and A§B and D§C. Therefore, ∠ABD ≅ ∠BDC and ∠ADB ≅ ∠CBD, since they are alternate interior angles
EA EA AE EA

formed by parallel lines cut by a transversal.

3. Correct Response: D. (SMR Code: 3.1) In the two triangles, ∠ABD ≅ ∠BDC and ∠ADB ≅ ∠CBD are
corresponding angles and Bm
D ≅ Bm
D as noted in line 2 of the table. Thus, by angle-side-angle congruence
(ASA), K ABD ≅ K CDB.
A E E A A E E A

4. Correct Response: B. (SMR Code: 3.1) Vertical angles are two angles whose sides form two pairs of
opposite rays. The proof of the congruence of vertical angles depends primarily on the angle addition
postulate and does not require the use of properties of parallel lines that are a result of Euclid's parallel
postulate.

5. Correct Response: D. (SMR Code: 3.1) In Euclidean geometry, if two parallel lines are cut by a
transversal, then the alternate interior angles formed are congruent. This statement is used to prove that
the angles of every triangle sum to 180°. If the given statement is false, then the sum of angles in a
triangle is not necessarily 180°, as is the case in non-Euclidean geometries.

6. m is parallel to CD
Correct Response: D. (SMR Code: 3.1) If AB m, then ∠A ≅ ∠C and ∠B ≅ ∠D, since A E E A A E E A

they are alternate interior angles. Then by AA, K ABE ∼ K CDE, so the ratios between corresponding A EA

ED EC
pairs of sides are equal. Hence BE = AE . A

E
A A EA

7. Correct Response: C. (SMR Code: 3.1) Let the base of the right triangle formed by altitude a and side
of length 2 be x. Thus, the base of the right triangle formed by altitude a and side of length 5 is 6 – x.
By the Pythagorean theorem, x2 + a2 = 22 and (6 – x)2 + a2 = 52. Solve each equation for a2 and since
5
a2 = a2 ⇒ 4 – x2 = 12x – x2 – 11 ⇒ 15 = 12x ⇒ 4 = x. To find the length of a, use the Pythagorean A A

5 2 39
theorem and the value for x to obtain a = 22 – 4 = 4 .
A A

A A EA EA E A

California Subject Examinations for Teachers Test Guide 21

Mathematics Subtest II

8. Correct Response: D. (SMR Code: 3.1) Let the base of the right triangle formed by altitude x and
the 60° angle be a. Let the base of the right triangle formed by altitude x and the 40° angle be b.
x x x x
Note that the tan 60° = a ⇒ a = tan 60° . Similarly, tan 40° =
A E A A E A A

b ⇒ b = tan 40° . Since a + b = 100,

E A A E A

x x
A

tan 60° + tan 40° = 100.

E A A E A

9. Correct Response: A. (SMR Code: 3.1) Constructing an angle bisector in a triangle displays a locus of
points that are equidistant from the two sides of the triangle that form the angle. The point at which the
three angle bisectors intersect is equidistant from the three sides of a triangle. Thus, bisecting one of the
angles in the triangular park is an appropriate first step.

10. Correct Response: C. (SMR Code: 3.1) If the perimeter of a regular hexagon is 72 cm, then
each edge has a length of 12 cm. A regular hexagon can be split into six equilateral triangles. The
height of each triangle is 6 3 cm, by the Pythagorean theorem, and the area of each triangle equals
A AE

1
2(12)
A A

E
(6 3) = 36
A E A A 3 cm2. Thus the area of the hexagon is 216 3 cm2, or approximately 374 cm2.
EA A EA

11. Correct Response: D. (SMR Code: 3.2) Use the fact that PS = 2PT to write the equation
A (x – 4)2 + (y – 0)2 = 2 (x + 2)2 + (y – 0)2 . Then squaring both sides gives x2 – 8x + 16 + y2 =
EA

4(x2 + 4x + 4 + y2), which simplifies to 3x2 + 24x + 3y2 = 0. This is the equation of a circle. To find the
center, complete the square: 3(x2 + 8x) + 3y2 = 0 ⇒ 3(x2 + 8x + 16) + 3y2 = 48 ⇒ (x + 4)2 + y2 = 16.
The circle's center is at (–4, 0).

12. Correct Response: A. (SMR Code: 3.3) Since line k is perpendicular to plane α, it is parallel to
plane β. Because line k is skew to m, it does not intersect m, and it is not contained in β. Therefore, A is
the correct response.

13. Correct Response: A. (SMR Code: 3.3) If a line is perpendicular to two distinct lines in a plane, then it
is perpendicular to the plane. This means that it is perpendicular to any line in the plane that passes
through its foot. Since the intersection of r and t is its foot, the statement given in response A is true.

14. Correct Response: A. (SMR Code: 3.3) The surface area of a cylinder is 2πr2 + 2πrh. If the height
is 10 in. and the surface area is 245 in.2, then 2πr2 + 20πr = 245. This equation approximately equals
r2 + 10r – 39 = 0, which factors into (r + 13)(r – 3) = 0. Solving for r gives r = –13 or 3, so the radius is
approximately 3 cm. The volume of a cylinder is πr2h, so this cylinder has a volume of approximately
90π in.3, or about 283 in.3.

15. Correct Response: D. (SMR Code: 3.3) Each cut through the center of a sphere creates two circles on
the surface of the resulting two hemispheres. Thus, for one cut, the total surface area is the area of the
sphere and the area of the two circles formed, which is 4πr2 + 2πr2. For n cuts, the total surface area is
equal to 4πr2 + 2nπr2.

22 California Subject Examinations for Teachers Test Guide

 Mathematics Subtest II

16. Correct Response: A. (SMR Code: 3.3) The shaded section is a trapezoidal prism, so its volume is the
product of the area of the trapezoid and the height of the prism (200 cm).

6 6
The triangle in the top left corner has legs of 8 cm and 6 cm, so its area is
8 1(8)(6) = 24 cm2.
10 2
A E A

1
The area of the larger triangle is 2(16)(12) = 96 cm2. A E A

The trapezoid's area is the difference between the area of the large triangle (96 cm2) and the area of the
small triangle (24 cm2), so the area of the trapezoid is 72 cm2. Multiplying the area of the trapezoid by the
height of the prism gives a volume of 14,400 cm3.

17. Correct Response: B. (SMR Code: 3.4) If the composition of these two transformations were
commutative, it would not matter which reflection was done first. However, reflecting K ABC first across
line m and then across line n would not result in K A'B'C', so the composition of these two transformations
A EA

is not commutative.

1 1 x
18. Correct Response: C. (SMR Code: 3.4) The matrix transformation given by T(x, y) = 0 1 y is the A E A A E A

same as T:(x + y, y). Apply T to the vertices of the square in Diagram 1, as follows: T:(0, 0) ⇒ (0, 0),

T:(1, 0) ⇒ (1, 0), T:(1, 1) ⇒ (2, 1), and T:(0, 1) ⇒ (1, 1). The resulting points are the vertices of the

image in Diagram 2.

19. Correct Response: B. (SMR Code: 3.4) If two lines, m1 and m2, intersect at a point O, and the angle of
rotation of m1 to m2 is θ, then the result of reflecting a point over m1 and its image over m2 is the same as
rotating the point 2θ about O. Hence, the reflection of the points of plane figure ABC over two
perpendicular lines is the same as a 180° rotation.

20. Correct Response: B. (SMR Code: 3.4) Since T is a linear transformation, one need only check how

T transforms the area of a square with vertex coordinates (0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1), and (1, 0). This square has

1 1 3
area 1. The image of these points is (0, 0), 0, 2 , 3, 2 , and (3, 0). This is a rectangle of area 2 . Hence,
A

E
AE A

E
AE A EA

3
T maps each unit square to a rectangle of area 2 . It follows that if A is the area of the original hexagon,
A EA

3
2A
A EA is the area of the transformed hexagon, and the ratio of the original hexagon to the transformed

2
hexagon is 3 . A EA

California Subject Examinations for Teachers Test Guide 23

Mathematics Subtest II

Probability and Statistics

6B

21. Correct Response: A. (SMR Code: 4.1) Each question has 5 possible answers, so the number of ways
in which a student could answer one question is 5. Since there are 50 questions, the number of possible
sets of answers is 5 • 5 • 5 • . . . • 5 (50 times), or 550.

22. Correct Response: D. (SMR Code: 4.1) The event "at least one defective laptop chosen" is the
complement of the event "no defective laptops are chosen." The probability, P, that no defective
laptops are chosen in a sample of 3 equals the number of samples of 3 from the set of laptops that are
not defective divided by the number of samples of 3 from the set of all of the laptops. The complement
of P is the probability that at least one laptop in the sample of 3 is defective and is given by
16 16!
C 3 A

13!3! A

1–P=1–
A A

EA

22 = E A EA

22! E = 0.636.
A

E C 3 A A EA

19!3! A

23. Correct Response: C. (SMR Code: 4.1) If the mean of a normally distributed data set is 12 fl. oz. and
the standard deviation is 0.05 fl. oz., then approximately 67% of the points in the data set have values
within 0.05 fl. oz. of the mean and approximately 95% of the data points are within 0.1 fl. oz. (i.e., two
standard deviations) of the mean, that is, between 11.9 fl. oz. and 12.1 fl. oz. This means that 2.5% of the
data points are below 11.9 fl. oz., and 2.5% are above 12.1 fl. oz.

24. Correct Response: D. (SMR Code: 4.1) To find the probability, first standardize the data points using
x–μ 40 – 40 39 – 40 2 42 – 40 4
z = σ . So z(40) =
A

E
A A

1.5 E
A = 0, z(39) = A

1.5 E
A = –3 , and z(42) =
A EA

1.5 A

E
A = 3 . Hence, the probability that
A A

2
39 ≤ x ≤ 42 is equal to the shaded area of a normal curve that begins at 3 A A

E
of a standard deviation to the left
4
of zero (the mean) and ends at 3 of a standard deviation to the right of the mean. A A

25. Correct Response: D. (SMR Code: 4.2) If each measurement is exactly 1.5 ounces heavier than its true
weight, then the histogram depicting the spread of measured weights will have the same shape as a
histogram representing the true data, but the graph will be shifted 1.5 units (ounces) to the right. Hence,
the standard deviation and variance (which measure the spread of data) will be unchanged, as will the
range (difference between lowest and highest value). The quartiles, however, will change, since the
values are all shifted up 1.5 units.

1
26. Correct Response: B. (SMR Code: 4.2) To find the standard deviation, EA

n
A A Σ(x – μ)2 , of the set of
E

13 + x
data {4, 9, x}, note that the mean, μ, of the set of data is A

3 . The deviations of each datum

E A from μ,
13 + x –x – 1 13 + x 14 – x 13 + x 2x – 13
(x – μ), are 4 – A

3 E =
A A

3 , E A 9 – A

3 E =
A A

3 , EA and x – 3 = 3 . The sum of the

A E A A E A squared
2x2 – 26x + 122 1 1 1 2x2 – 26x + 122
deviations, Σ(x – μ)2, is A

3 and n = 3 . Finally, the standard deviation

E
A A E A A E A EA

3•
A A A

3 E
AE

14
=
A EA

3
A AE . By the quadratic formula, x = 5 or x = 8. Of the available responses, B = 8 is the correct
A

response.

27. Correct Response: B. (SMR Code: 4.2) The correlation coefficient is a number between –1 and 1,
inclusive. Therefore, the only possible values for the correlation coefficient are –0.8 and 0.7. Since the
slope of the regression line for the data set is –2.7, the most reasonable value for the correlation
coefficient is –0.8.

24 California Subject Examinations for Teachers Test Guide

 Examples of Strong Responses to Sample Constructed-Response
3B

Questions for CSET: Mathematics Subtest II

Geometry
7B

Question #28 (Score Point 4 Response)

Let the coordinates of R = (0, 0), S = (2b, 2c),

S (2b, 2c)
and T = (2a, 0).
U
(b, c) V (a + b, c) Since U is the midpoint of RS, its coordinates

0 + 2b 0 + 2c
are  ,  = (b, c).
R (0, 0) T (2a, 0)  2 2 
A E E A

Since V is the midpoint of TS, its coordinates

2a + 2b 0 + 2c
are  ,  = (a + b, c).
 2 2 
A E E A

m║Rm
So to show UV T means showing their slopes are the same:
A E E A AE EA

∆y
Slope is .
∆x
A A

c – c 0
m =
So, slope of UV = = 0
(a + b) — b a
A E E A

0 – 0 0
slope of Rm
T = = = 0
2a — 0 2a
AE EA

m and Rm
Since the slopes of UV T are the same, the segments are parallel. A E E A AE EA

1
m = 2 length of Rm
Show the length of UV T: A E E A A A

E
AE EA

m = a + b – b = a (since UV
The length of UV m is horizontal). A E E A A E E A

The length of Rm
T is 2a (Rm
T horizontal). AE EA AE EA

1
m = 2 length of Rm
Therefore the length of UV T. A E E A A A

E
AE EA

California Subject Examinations for Teachers Test Guide 25

Mathematics Subtest II

Question #29 (Score Point 4 Response)

Let (x, y) be the point on the curve.

The distance from (x, y) to (0, 0) is found by using the distance formula

d1 = (x – 0) 2 + (y – 0) 2 = x 2 + y2

The distance from (x, y) to (0, 4) is d2 = (x – 0) 2 + (y – 4) 2 = x 2 + (y – 4) 2

We know d1 + d2 = 12, so x 2 + y2 + x 2 + (y – 4) 2 = 12.

To square a radical equation, put the radicals on different sides of the equation

and square both sides:

( ) = (12 – )
2 2
x 2 + (y – 4) 2 x 2 + y2

x2 + (y - 4)2 = 144 – 24 x 2 + y2 + x2 + y2

Isolate the radical on one side again:

x2 + (y – 4)2 - 144 – x2 - y2 = –24 x 2 + y2

y2 - 8y + 16 – 144 – y2 = –24 x 2 + y2

-8y – 128 = –24 x 2 + y2

y + 16 = 3 x 2 + y2

Square both sides:

y2 + 32y + 256 = 9(x2 + y2)

y2 + 32y + 256 = 9x2 + 9y2

-8y2 + 32y – 9x2 = -256

continued on next page

26 California Subject Examinations for Teachers Test Guide

 Mathematics Subtest II

Question #29 (Score Point 4 Response) continued

Complete the square for –8y2 + 32y:

-8 (y2 - 4y) – 9x2 = -256

-8 (y2 - 4y + 4) – 9x2 = -256 – 32

-8 (y – 2)2 - 9x2 = -288

(y – 2) 2 x2
+ = 1
36 32
A A

This is the equation of an ellipse centered at (0, 2).

California Subject Examinations for Teachers Test Guide 27

Mathematics Subtest II

Probability and Statistics

8B

Question #30 (Score Point 4 Response)

• Null Hypothesis: The current distribution is the same as that in 1999.

Alternative Hypothesis: The current distribution is not the same as that in 1999.

• Based on the 1999 distribution, one expects:

69.1% of 500 = 345.5 to be owner-occupied

24.6% of 500 = 123 to be renter-occupied
6.3% of 500 = 31.5 to be vacant

(Observed Frequency - Expected Frequency)2

•  - statistic = Sum of
2
Expected Frequency

Observed Expected (Obs - Exp)2

Frequency Frequency Exp
A E

Owner 375 345.5 (375 - 345.5)2

= 2.5188
345.5
A E A

Renter 100 123 (100 - 123)2

= 4.3008
123
A E A

Vacant 25 31.5 (25 - 31.5)2

= 1.3413
31.5
A E A

Total 500 500

(Obs Freq – Exp Freq ) 2
2 = Sum of = 8.1609
Exp Freq

• For a 2 - statistic of 8.1609, the probability lies between 0.01 and 0.025, i.e.,
the P-value is between 1% and 2.5%.

Therefore, at the 5% significance level, the null hypothesis is rejected and one
concludes that the data suggest that the distribution of current housing units
in U.S. suburban areas differs from the 1999 distribution.

28 California Subject Examinations for Teachers Test Guide

 Scoring Information for CSET: Mathematics Subtest II
4B

Responses to the multiple-choice questions are scored electronically. Scores are based on the number of
questions answered correctly. There is no penalty for guessing.

There are three constructed-response questions in Subtest II of CSET: Mathematics. Each of these constructed-
response questions is designed so that a response can be completed within a short amount of time—
approximately 10–15 minutes. Responses to constructed-response questions are scored by qualified California
educators using focused holistic scoring. Scorers will judge the overall effectiveness of your responses while
focusing on the performance characteristics that have been identified as important for this subtest (see below).
Each response will be assigned a score based on an approved scoring scale (see page 30).

Your performance on the subtest will be evaluated against a standard determined by the Commission on Teacher
Credentialing based on professional judgments and recommendations of California educators.

Performance Characteristics for CSET: Mathematics Subtest II

9B

The following performance characteristics will guide the scoring of responses to the constructed-response
questions on CSET: Mathematics Subtest II.

PURPOSE The extent to which the response addresses the constructed-response

assignment's charge in relation to relevant CSET subject matter requirements.
SUBJECT MATTER The application of accurate subject matter knowledge as described in the
KNOWLEDGE relevant CSET subject matter requirements.
SUPPORT The appropriateness and quality of the supporting evidence in relation to
relevant CSET subject matter requirements.
DEPTH AND BREADTH The degree to which the response demonstrates understanding of the relevant
OF UNDERSTANDING CSET subject matter requirements.

California Subject Examinations for Teachers Test Guide 29

Mathematics Subtest II

Scoring Scale for CSET: Mathematics Subtest II

10B

Scores will be assigned to each response to the constructed-response questions on CSET: Mathematics
Subtest II according to the following scoring scale.

SCORE
SCORE POINT DESCRIPTION
POINT
The "4" response reflects a thorough command of the relevant knowledge and skills as
defined in the subject matter requirements for CSET: Mathematics.
• The purpose of the assignment is fully achieved.
4 • There is a substantial and accurate application of relevant subject matter knowledge.
• The supporting evidence is sound; there are high-quality, relevant examples.
• The response reflects a comprehensive understanding of the assignment.
The "3" response reflects a general command of the relevant knowledge and skills as
defined in the subject matter requirements for CSET: Mathematics.
• The purpose of the assignment is largely achieved.
3 • There is a largely accurate application of relevant subject matter knowledge.
• The supporting evidence is adequate; there are some acceptable, relevant examples.
• The response reflects an adequate understanding of the assignment.
The "2" response reflects a limited command of the relevant knowledge and skills as
defined in the subject matter requirements for CSET: Mathematics.
• The purpose of the assignment is partially achieved.
2 • There is limited accurate application of relevant subject matter knowledge.
• The supporting evidence is limited; there are few relevant examples.
• The response reflects a limited understanding of the assignment.
The "1" response reflects little or no command of the relevant knowledge and skills as
defined in the subject matter requirements for CSET: Mathematics.
• The purpose of the assignment is not achieved.
1 • There is little or no accurate application of relevant subject matter knowledge.
• The supporting evidence is weak; there are no or few relevant examples.
• The response reflects little or no understanding of the assignment.
The "U" (Unscorable) is assigned to a response that is unrelated to the assignment,
U illegible, primarily in a language other than English, or does not contain a sufficient
amount of original work to score.

B The "B" (Blank) is assigned to a response that is blank.

30 California Subject Examinations for Teachers Test Guide