Шпаргалка к видеоролику

Глагол to be: правила

использования
Я подготовил для вас шпаргалку с правилами использования
глагола to be, о которых рассказывал в видео. В документе
правила изложены в виде простых схем с примерами —

используйте их при изучении или повторении.

Содержание

1 To be как глагол-связка «быть»

2 To be как вспомогательный глагол

а) Формы глагола to be в Present Simple

b) Формы глагола to be в Past Simple

Особенности построения предложений

c) в Present Simple и в Past Simple

Формы глагола to be в группе времен

d) Continuous

e) Формы глагола to be в Passive Voice

f) Causative form
1. To be как глагол-связка «быть»
Когда используется глагол to be

Описание свойств человека или предмета:

 Mary is my sister.

 Her eyes are blue.

 She and her husband were very nice and friendly.

Указание состояния:

0 The shop was closed yesterday morning!

0 They were ill yesterday!

0 She is ill.

Указание возраста:

0 Gary was a student when he was 18 years old.

0 I’m 42 years old.

Указание местонахождения:

0 It is in the kitchen.

0 The parrot is in the cage!

0 The parrot was in the cage yesterday evening.

 2. To be как вспомогательный глагол
a) Формы глагола to be в Present Simple

Утверждение Отрицание Вопрос

I am = I’m I am not = I’m not Am I?

You are = You’re You are not = You’re not = You aren’t Are you?
Единственное
число

He is = He’s He is not = He’s not = He isn’t Is he?

She is = She’s She is not = She’s not = She isn’t Is she?

It is = It’s It is not = It’s not = It isn’t Is it?

Примеры:
Á I’m 34 years old. I’m not 34 years old. Am I 34 years old?½
Á You are a student. You aren’t a student. Are you a student? ½
Á He is interested in literature. He isn’t interested in literature. Is he interested in literature?

Утверждение Отрицание Вопрос

Множественное

We are = We’re We are not = We’re not = We aren’t Are we?

число

You are = You’re You are not = You’re not = You aren’t Are you?

They are = They’re They are not = They’re not = They aren’t Are they?

Примеры:
Á We’re cousins. We aren’t cousins. Are we cousins?½
Á You’re hot. You aren’t hot. Are you hot?½
Á They’re expensive. They aren’t expensive. Are they expensive?
 b) Формы глагола to be в Past Simple

Утверждение Отрицание Вопрос

I was I was not = I wasn’t Was I?

You were You were not = You weren’t Were you?

Единственное
число

He was He was not = He wasn’t Was he?

She was She was not = She wasn’t Was she?

It was It was not = It wasn’t Was it?

Примеры:
ˆ I was a hairdresser. I wasn’t a hairdresser. Was I a hairdresser
ˆ You were a student. You weren’t a student. Were you a student
ˆ The weather was stormy yesterday. It wasn’t stormy yesterday. Was it stormy?

Утверждение Отрицание Вопрос

Множественное

We were We were not = We weren’t Were we?

число

You were You were not = You weren’t Were you?

They were They were not = They weren’t Were they?

Примеры:
Á We were in a good mood. We weren’t in a good mood. Were we in a good mood?·
Á They were late. They weren’t late. Were they late¹
Á You were hungry. You weren’t hungry. Were you hungry?
 c) Особенности построения предложений
в Present Simple и Past Simple

Есть смысловой глагол?

Нет Да

Какое подлежащее? Какое подлежащее?

you, we,
he, she,
I, you, we,
he, she,

I
they it they it

глагол/глагол +
глагол + s (-es)/
+ am/was are/were is/was + -ed глагол + -ed

am not /
are not /
is not /
don’t/didn’t + doesn’t/didn’t +
- was not were not was not - глагол глагол

?? Am... ? /
Was... ?
Are... ? /
Were... ?
Is... ? /
Was... ? ? Do/Did +
глагол ?
Does/Did +
глагол ?

Примеры: Примеры:

¿ I am a student.· ¿ I drink tea, but I don’t drink coffee.·

¿ You are not good football playersÙ ¿ Does she wash her car every weekend?·
¿ Is she a young girl?· ¿ She washed her car yesterday.·
¿ Was he a taxi driver? ¿ Did you drink tea?
 d) Формы глагола to be в группе времен Continuous

Время Форма глагола to be Пример

Present Continuous am/is/are + основной He is reading a scientific magazine now. — Он

глагол с окончанием -ing сейчас читает научный журнал.

Present Perfect Continuous have/has been + основной John has been working so hard lately. —

глагол с окончанием -ing В последнее время Джон так усердно работает.

Past Continuous was/were + основной My friends were hiking last weekend. — Мои
глагол с окончанием -ing друзья ходили в поход на прошлых выходных.

Past Perfect Continuous had been + основной David’s legs were stiff because he had been
глагол с окончанием -ing cycling for six hours. — Ноги Девида затекли,

так как он ехал на велосипеде 6 часов.

Future Continuous will be + основной глагол I will be watching a tennis match on Friday at

с окончанием -ing 8 p.m. — Я буду смотреть теннисный матч

в пятницу в 8 вечера.

Future Perfect Continuous will have been + основной In 2023, Beyonce will have been running Beyond
глагол с окончанием -ing Productions for 15 years. — В 2023 году будет 15
лет, как Бейонсе управляет компанией Beyond
Productions.

Полезные статьи:
Глагол to be — формы глагола to be и его случаи употребления.
Вспомогательные глаголы — для чего нужны и как их употреблять.
Passive Voice — как построить предложение в пассивном залоге и какую роль в нем играет
глагол to be.
 e) Формы глагола to be в Passive Voice

Tense Active Passive

Present Simple I clean my house every day. — Я убираю дом My house is cleaned every day. — Мой
каждый день. дом убирают каждый день.

Present Continuous I’m cleaning my house now. — Я сейчас My house is being cleaned now. — Мой
убираю дом. дом убираю т сейчас.

Past Simple I cleaned my house yesterday. — Я убрала My house was cleaned yesterday. — Мой
дом вчера. дом убрали вчера.

Past Continuous I was cleaning my house yesterday. —

My house was being cleaned yesterday. —
Я убирала дом вчера. Мой дом убирали вчера.

Present Perfect I have cleaned my house to this moment. —

My house has been cleaned to this moment. —
К этому моменту я убрал свой дом. Мой дом убрали к этому моменту.

Past Perfect I had cleaned my house before I left. —

My house had been cleaned before I left. —
Я убрал свой дом перед тем, как уйти. Мой дом убрали перед тем, как я ушел.

Future Simple I will clean my house two hours later. —

My house will be cleaned two hours later. —
Я уберу свой дом чере з два часа. Мой дом уберут через два часа.

Be going to I’m going to clean my house tomorrow. —

My house is going to be cleaned tomorrow.
т
Я собираюсь убра ь дом завтра. — Мой дом будет убран завтра.

Modal I must clean my house. — Я должен убра ь т My house must be cleaned. — Мой дом
свой дом. должен быть убран.

Modal Perfect I should have cleaned my house. —

My house should have been cleaned. — Мой
Мне стоило убрать свой дом. т т
дом с оило бы убра ь.

Узнайте свой уровень английского

Авторский тест на определение уровня английского языка онлайн-
школы «Инглекс» — это комплексная проверка ваших знаний

в четырех областях: грамматике, словарном запасе, чтении

и восприятии речи на слух.

Начать тестирование
 f ) Causative form

Время Пример в активном залоге Пример с конструкцией have something done

Present Simple She cleans my flat every weekend. — Она I have my flat cleaned every weekend. — Мою
убирает мою квартиру каждые выходные. квартиру убирают каждые выходные.

Past Simple I sent a parcel. — Я отправил посылку. I had my parcel sent. — Мою посылку
отправили.

Future Simple We will paint the kitchen. — Мы покрасим We will have our kitchen painted. — Нам
кухню. покрасят кухню.

Present Continuous They are repairing the road. — Они They are having the road repaired. — Им
ремонтируют дорогу. ремонтируют дорогу.

Past Continuous We were changing the wheel. — Мы меняли We were having the wheel changed. — Нам
колесо. меняли колесо.

Future Continuous I will be cutting my hair. — Я буду I will be having my hair cut. — Меня будут
подстригаться. подстригать.

Present Perfect
Our neighbours have just built a fence. — Our neighbours have just had the fence built. —
Наши соседи только построили забор. Нашим соседям только построили забор.

Present Perfect
been washing the car for two hours. —

I have I have been having the car washed for two

Continuous Последние два часа я мою машину. ч
hours. — Мне два аса моют машину.

Past Perfect He had fixed his laptop. — Он починил свой He had had his laptop fixed. — Ему починили
ноутбук. ноутбук.

Past Perfect
She had been sewing the dress. — Она шила She had been having her dress sewn. —

Continuous платье. Ей шили платье.

Пройдите опрос и получите план

ч й
для самостоятельного изу ения англи ского на 2 недели

Подробнее
 Онлайн-школа с фокусом на результат

Английский онлайн

с сильными учителями
Индивидуальный график занятий
Интерактивный учебник
Разумные цены — от 840 ₽

Подробнее

Скидка 30% для новых студентов на уроки

с русскоязычным преподавателем

по промокоду BOOK

11 425 4500 20100

лет успешной
сильных
постоянных
выпускников

работы преподавателей студентов школы