Triple Band Notched UWB Antenna

Shailesh Jayant Garima Srivastava

Department of Electronics and Communication Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering Ambedkar Institute of Advanced Engineering Ambedkar Institute of Advanced
Communication Technologies and Research, Communication Technologies and Research,
Geeta Colony, Delhi-110031, India Geeta Colony, Delhi-110031, India
[email protected] [email protected]

Abstract—An Ultra Wideband (UWB) monopole antenna impedance bandwidth of 3.1-20 GHz, a slot is etched in
having small surface area consisting of a modified polygon shape ground. The chip size of antenna is reduced by utilizing space
with three notched bands is designed. Impedance bandwidth of on the substrate efficiently and optimizing the slot
almost 16.9 GHz (3.1-20 GHz) is obtained by introducing a dimensions. Triple notched bands are attained by means of
rectangular slot in partial ground plane. The interfering Wi-
etching T and U shape slots from patch and spiral slot from
MAX (from 3.3 to 3.8 GHz), WLAN (from 5 to 6 GHz) and
satellite uplink (X band) communication (from 7.9 to 8.4 GHz) the microstrip line feed.
frequencies are eliminated by introducing T-, U- and spiral slots
II. ANTENNA STRUCTURE DESIGN
in the microstrip line-fed monopole radiator. The total chip size
of proposed UWB antenna is 17×24 mm2 and its peak gain is 5.9 Fig. 1(a) displays structure of presented UWB antenna, where
dB at 10.3 GHz. blue color denotes the patch and feed line, yellow color
partial ground and white color represents substrate. The
Keywords—Antenna, Compact, Monopole, Notch, UWB
antenna is designed on FR4 substrate having dielectric
I. INTRODUCTION constant (εr) =4.4 , loss tangent (tan δ)=0.02 and 1.5 mm
height. A small rectangular slot is added (under feeding) on
Communication systems with UWB frequency range are
ground plane for improving impedance matching. The EM
receiving a lot of consideration from researchers due to their
software ANSYS HFSS® is used for designing the proposed
small cost, high data transmission rate, less power utilization
antenna. The designed UWB antenna has 17 mm×24 mm chip
and easy combination with other high-frequency structures.
size.
In 2002, UWB technology was assigned 3.1 to 10.6 GHz
bandwidth by Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
The guided wavelength ( ) is given by the following
[1]. Since then, a lot of monopole/dipole antennas were
proposed for UWB systems. However, the interference equation
produced by Wi-MAX, satellite communication bands and
WLAN is still an issue, which needs to be addressed [2]. In = (1)
[1], slots were etched on patch and ground plane to reject
interfering license bands. Various methods like loading of the
electric ring resonator (ERR), defected ground structure Where v refers to light’s speed in free space, f is center
(DGS), complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR), H- frequency of notched band and represents effective
shaped resonator, Ω-shaped slot, U-shaped slot, L-shaped dielectric constant of substrate. A U shape slot is designed on
stub and open-circuited stub have been used for eliminating radiating patch for rejecting WLAN band. The U shape slot
undesired frequency bands [3-10]. has length of /4 at 5.5 GHz, where 5.5 GHz is the center
frequency of WLAN band. A T shape slot is introduced in
The UWB antenna designed in [3] was composed of radiator of monopole antenna to reject the Wi-MAX band.
a coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed circular patch and an ERR, The T-shaped slot length is /4 at 3.5 GHz, where 3.5 GHz
which was etched in the feed line for notched characteristics. is the center frequency of band Wi-MAX. Further, a spiral
A three band notched microstrip line-fed UWB antenna was slot is embedded in the feed line of the monopole radiator for
presented in [4], where notched bands were obtained by notching the satellite uplink communication band. In Fig.
etching H-shaped resonator with added outer line along the 1(b)-(d), the dimensions of the notching elements are shown,
feed line. A spade-shaped UWB antenna having three where blue color denotes the patch and pink color signifies
notched bands was proposed in [5], where notched bands the substrate. Fig. 1(e) and (f) shows top and bottom view of
were obtained through hook-shaped DGS, Ω-shape slot on the fabricated antenna. Table I displays dimensions of
patch (radiating) and semi octagonal shape resonating ring on presented antenna structure.
ground. A three band notched UWB antenna loaded with
different sized elliptical CSRR was presented in [6]. A three
notched band elliptical-shaped UWB antenna having two L-
shaped stubs and a CSRR slot were incorporated on radiating
patch, which was proposed in [10].

In this paper, a low-profile modified polygon-

shaped monopole antenna occupying a chip area of 17×24
mm2 is designed. With the aim of obtaining an ultra-wide

978-1-7281-5493-0/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE

256

Authorized licensed use limited to: Cornell University Library. Downloaded on September 03,2020 at 02:21:23 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 A. Designing Stages
Fig. 2(a) shows a conventional microstrip line-fed
nonagon-shaped monopole antenna. The extra space around
corners of the nine-sided polygon is filled with conducting
material to obtain wide impedance bandwidth as presented in
Fig. 2(b). In next stage, in Fig. 2(c), the chip size is reduced
by optimizing the length of T-slot and miniaturizing the
radiator size further. The return loss comparison between the
three design stages is presented in Fig.3.

(a)
(a) (b) (c)
Fig. 2. Design stages of antenna (a) stage 1 (b) stage 2 (c) stage 3.

(b) (c) (d)

(e) (f)
Fig. 1. UWB antenna (a) layout (b) U shape slot (c) T shape slot (d) spiral
slot (e) Top view of fabricated antenna (f) Bottom view of fabricated
antenna
Fig. 3. Design stages of UWB antenna.

TABLE I. DIMENSIONS OF PRESENTED UWB ANTENNA. B. U shape Slot

Parameter Value (mm) Parameter Value (mm) A U shape slot is integrated in patch for rejecting licensed
W 17 Q1 2 WLAN (5-6 GHz) band. Current distribution (surface) at 5.5
L 24 Q2 1.4 GHz is presented in Fig.4, where maximum current is
0.3
observed around U shape slot and less energy is observed at
Lg 7.6 G1
other portions. Hence, the antenna patch will not radiate at
Lsg 0.72 D 5.84
this notched frequency.
Wsg 5.8 Ls 2.26
Gsg 11.3 Lb 11.9
X1 1.4 Ws 3.28
X2 14.6 R1 4
X3 0.45 R2 5.2
X4 0.55 S1 9.6
Y1 12.2 S2 3.38
Y2 4 G2 1.2
P1 3.6 a 2
P2 1.5 b 0.55
c 0.55

Fig. 4. Current (surface) distribution at 5.5 GHz.

257

Authorized licensed use limited to: Cornell University Library. Downloaded on September 03,2020 at 02:21:23 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
C. T Shape Slot
A T-shaped slot is etched from radiator to reject Wi-MAX
(3.3-3.8 GHz) band. The current (surface) distribution at 3.5
GHz is displayed in Fig. 5. Here, maximum energy is noticed
around T-shaped slot and minimum energy is observed in
other parts of the patch, which verifies that at 3.5 GHz,
antenna has not been radiated. The return loss comparison
between WLAN/Wi-MAX notched bands is shown in Fig. 6, (a) (b) (c)
where it can be understood that by etching the U-shaped slot
only, the WLAN band is rejected and by etching T- and U-
shaped slots, both WLAN and Wi-MAX bands are rejected.

(d)
Fig. 7. Proposed antenna having (a) spiral slot (b) optimized slot length
(c) cut in the ground plane (d) current distribution at 8.2 GHz.
Fig. 5. Current distribution at 3.5 GHz.

0 0

-10
-10

-20
S11 (dB)

-20
-30
S11 (dB)

-40
-30

W
i
t
h
s
p
i
r
a
l
s
l
o
t
-50 U-shaped slot
U- and T-shaped slots
-40 Varying T-slot length
-60
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
With rectangular slot
Frequency (GHz)
-50
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Fig. 6. Return loss comparison by etching U shape /T and U shaped
Frequency (GHz)
slots.

D. Rejection of X band Fig. 8. Return loss comparison with spiral slot.

In Fig.7 (a), the X-band is rejected by integration of a E. RLC Circuit of Proposed UWB Antenna
spiral slot in microstrip feed line. The spiral slot length is
At 3.5 GHz , the value of input impedance (real) has low
equal to /4 at 8.1 GHz, where 8.1 GHz is center frequency impedance (3.75Ω), which acts like series RLC network and
of notch band. However, return loss was not good at 8.1 GHz at 3.3 GHz (close to 3.5 GHz), impedance has high value of
as shown in Fig. , therefore, in Fig.7 (b), the length of T-slot 33.82 Ω, which acts like parallel RLC network. Therefore,
is optimized to achieve better return loss. But, it shifts the X- RLC circuit for the rejection of 3.5 GHz (WiMAX band) is
band towards right and impedance bandwidth decreases. made by cascading series connection of parallel RLC with
Therefore, as displayed in the Fig.7(c), rectangular shaped series RLC network. At 5.5 GHz, Zin=18.32Ω, which acts
slot is designed on ground for obtaining a better impedance like series RLC network, but at 5.9 GHz (close to 5.5 GHz),
bandwidth. Fig.7(d) displays the magnitude of the current Zin=147Ω, which acts like parallel RLC network. So, to
(surface) distribution at 8.2 GHz. Here, maximum energy is reject WLAN band, RLC circuit is made by cascading series
controlled by the spiral slot and minimum energy is observed connection of series RLC with parallel RLC network. At 8.15
in other parts of the antenna. Therefore, more current flows GHz (X- band), Zin=400Ω, which acts as parallel RLC
on the spiral slot and a smaller amount current on the other network. The real and imaginary input impedance of UWB
parts of the antenna. So, the antenna will not radiate at 8.1 antenna is shown in the Fig.9 (a) and RLC circuit of the
GHz notch frequency as shown in the Fig.8. proposed UWB antenna is shown in the Fig.9 (b) where block
ZUWB is the input impedance of the general UWB antenna,
which consists of series connection of parallel RLC networks
corresponding to each resonance peak and C0 and L0, which
are the static antenna capacitance and probe inductance
respectively.

258

Authorized licensed use limited to: Cornell University Library. Downloaded on September 03,2020 at 02:21:23 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 B. Simulated VSWR
The simulation of VSWR of presented antenna is
400
Zin (Real) presented in the Fig, 11. The VSWR is less than 2 throughout
Zin (Imaginary)
300 the bandwidth from 3.1 to 20 GHz, excluding three notched
200
bands, which verify that the antenna exhibits good impedance
Zin (Ohms)

matching in the complete band and maximum power is

100 transmitted from antenna. The VSWR is 20.2 at 3.6 GHz,
0
12.8 at 5.5 GHz and 9.2 at 8.2 GHz, which are the center
frequencies of WiMAX band, WLAN band and X band
-100 (uplink) and also determines that antenna has poor matching
-200
to the transmission line at these notched bands and no power
is reflected from the antenna.
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Frequency (GHz)
25
(a)

20

15

VSWR
10

0
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Frequency (GHz)

(b)
Fig. 9. (a) Input Impedance ,(b) RLC circuit Fig. 11. VSWR versus frequency.

C. Simulated Gain
III. RESULTS The simulation of peak realized gain of the presented
UWB antenna is displayed in the Fig.12. The simulated peak
A. Simulated and Measured Return Loss
realized gain is less than 0 dB at the three rejected bands and
The measured results are obtained with N5230A Vector maximum gain of 5.9 dB is attained at 10.3 GHz.
Network Analyzer. The simulated and measured S11 (dB) of
proposed antenna is presented in the Fig. 10. At notched 10.0

frequencies, the return loss is around -1 dB which shows that 7.5

the maximum input power is reflected, therefore, the antenna
5.0
will not radiate at these three frequencies. The return loss at
2.5
3.6 GHz is -0.86 dB, at 5.5 GHz is -1.36 dB and at 8.2 is -1.9
dB. It can be observed from the curve that 3.1 to 20 GHz 0.0
Gain (dB)

impedance bandwidth is attained. The obtained S parameters -2.5

from HFSS software and VNA are not so identical due to -5.0

tolerance of fabrication. -7.5

-10.0

0 -12.5
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

-10 Frequency (GHz)

-20 Fig. 12 Peak realized gain versus frequency.

S11 (dB)

-30
D. Simulated Radiation Patterns
-40 The radiation (simulated) patterns at 3 GHz, 5 GHz, 7
-50 Simulated S11
GHz and 9 GHz are presented in the Fig 13. (a) and (b). The
Measured S11 designed antenna illustrates dumbbell-shaped in E plane and
-60
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 almost omnidirectional patterns in H planes.
Frequency (GHz)

Fig. 10. S11 versus frequency (Simulated and Measured)

259

Authorized licensed use limited to: Cornell University Library. Downloaded on September 03,2020 at 02:21:23 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 E- Plane return loss behavior as compared to the other antennas. In
0 3 GHz
5 GHz reference [10], the chip size of the antenna is relatively small,
5 330 30
7 GHz
9 GHz
but its gain and impedance bandwidth are less as compared
0
-5
to the proposed antenna.
300 60
-10
-15
V. CONCLUSION
-20 The presented antenna is small sized, low cost and has
-25 270 90
almost 16.9 GHz impedance bandwidth with triple band
-20
-15
rejection capability. The WiMAX band, WLAN band and X
-10 band (uplink) notches are realized because of introducing T,
240 120
-5 U and spiral shaped slots in monopole antenna and
0 microstrip feeding, respectively. The antenna gain is very low
5 210 150 and VSWR is more than 2 at the three notched bands. A wider
180
impedance bandwidth is achieved by cutting a small
(a) rectangular shape slot (under feed line) in ground surface.
H-plane The proposed UWB antenna shows circular shape radiation
0 3 GHz
5 GHz patterns in the H plane and dumbbell shape in the E plane.
5 330 30 7 GHz
0 9 GHz
REFERENCES
-5
300 60
-10 [1] P. Tilanthe1, P. C. Sharma, and T. K. Bandopadhyay, "A compact
-15 UWB antenna with dual band rejection," Progress In
-20 Electromagnetics Research B, vol. 35, p. 389–405, 2011.
-25 270 90
[2] Srinivas Doddipalli and Ashwin Kothari, "Compact UWB Antenna
-20
-15 with Integrated Triple Notch Bands for WBAN Applications," IEEE
-10 Access, pp. 1-9, 2018.
240 120
-5
[3] H. Hosseini, H. R. Hassani and M. H. Amini, "Miniaturised multiple
0
notched omnidirectional UWB monopole antenna," Electronics
5 210 150
Letters, vol. 54, no. 8, pp. 472-474, 19 4 2018.
180
[4] Jianxin Liang, Choo C. Chiau, Xiaodong Chen, and Clive G. Parini,
"Study of a Printed Circular Disc Monopole Antenna for UWB
(b)
Fig. 13. Presented UWB antenna radiation patterns in (a) E plane (b) H Systems," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 53,
plane. no. 11, pp. 3500-3504, NOVEMBER 2005 .
[5] A. Kaur and G. Srivastava, "CPW-Fed UWB antenna with multiple
E. Simulated Group delay band-notches for WiMAX, WLAN and X-band satellite downlink
The group delay versus frequency graph is shown in the communication systems," in 2016 5th International Conference on
Fig.14. Group delay is vital factor for UWB as well as for Wireless Networks and Embedded Systems (WECON), Rajpura, 2016.
other communication system to evaluate the of transmitted [6] Kunal Srivastava, Ashwani Kumar , Binod K. Kanaujia, Santanu
pulses distortion. Dwari, Anand Kumar Verma, Karu P. Esselle, Raj Mittra, "Integrated
GSM-UWB Fibonacci-type antennas with single, dual, and triple
3.00E-009
notched bands," IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, vol. 12,
no. 6, pp. 1004-1012, 2018.
2.00E-009
[7] Garima Srivastava,Le Hoang Son, Raghvendra Kumar,Manju Khari,
Group Delay (Sec)

"A Dual Band Notched Ultra-Wideband Antenna," Wireless Personal

1.00E-009
Communications An International Journal, vol. 80, no. 3, 16
September 2019.
0.00E+000

[8] Y. Sung, "Triple Band-Notched UWB Planar Monopole Antenna

-1.00E-009 Using a Modified H-Shaped Resonator," IEEE Transactionson
Antennas and Propagation, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 953-957, FEBRUARY
-2.00E-009 2013.
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Frequency (GHz) [9] I. B. Vendik, A. Rusakov, K. Kanjanasit, J. Hong and D. Filonov,
"Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Planar Antenna with Single-, Dual-, and
Fig. 14 Group delay versus Frequency Triple-Band Notched Characteristic Based on Electric Ring
IV. COMAPARISON WITH OTHER TRIPLE BAND NOTCHED Resonator," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol.
UWB ANTENNAS 16, pp. 1597-1600, 2017.

Table II presents a comparison of designed antenna with [10] W. T. Li, X. W. Shi and Y. Q. Hei, "Novel Planar UWB Monopole
previously designed triple band notched UWB antennas. The Antenna With Triple Band-Notched Characteristics," IEEE Antennas
presented antenna obtains wider bandwidth as well as better and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 8, pp. 1094-1098, 2009.

260

Authorized licensed use limited to: Cornell University Library. Downloaded on September 03,2020 at 02:21:23 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
[11] W. Xiao, T. Mei, Y. Lan, Y. Wu, R. Xu and Y. Xu, "Triple band- based on ESCSRR," Electronics Letters, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 57-58, 19
notched UWB monopole antenna on ultra-thin liquid crystal polymer 1 2017.

TABLE II COMPARISON WITH OTHER TRIPLE BAND NOTCHED UWB ANTENNAS

Center Frequency/Bandwidth of
Size 10 dB Impedance Bandwidth Rejected Peak Gain
Ref. Notched Bands VSWR at Notched Bands
(mm2) (GHz) Bands (dB)
(GHz)
Wi-MAX 3.6/(3.34-4.41) 20.1
Prop. 17×24 3.15-20 WLAN 5.5/(4.95-6.7) 12.7 5.9
X-band (uplink) 8.2/(7.8-9.4) 9.15
Wi-MAX 3.5 -
[3] 50×50 2.5-12 WLAN 5.8 - -
X-band (downlink) 7.5 -
Wi-MAX 3.5 -
[4] 33×25 3.05-11.31 WLAN 5.2 - 6
X band (uplink) 8.3 -
Wi-MAX 3.5/(3.3-3.9) -
[5] 36×34 2.9-13 WLAN (lower) 5.2/(5.2-5.35) - -
WLAN (upper) 5.8/(5.8-6.0) -
C-band (3.7-4.2) -
(5.15-5.35)
[6] 27×21 - WLAN (lower) - 2.41
WLAN (upper) (5.725-5.825) -
Wi-MAX 3.4/(3.06-3.54) 7.9
[8] 54×55 2.34-12.6 WLAN (lower) 4.2/(3.59-4.86) 11.3 10
WLAN (upper) 6.3/(5.93-7.15) 7
Wi-MAX 3.3-3.8 -
[10] 12× 19 2.95-12 WLAN 5.1-6.1 - 3.18
X-band (downlink) 7.3-8.2 -

261

Authorized licensed use limited to: Cornell University Library. Downloaded on September 03,2020 at 02:21:23 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.