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 1

table of contents

Sl.No. topic

1. India's foreign policy: a post-colonial answer

From the nation to a grand alternative power

2. With USA and USSR

relations of india

3. China's partnership with India

4. in south asia India: on regional strategies

Discussion

5. India's Negotiating Style and Strategies:

business, enough
Selection and security arrangements

6. In the contemporary bipolar world India

All Rights Reserved.

All the possible precautions have been taken during the completion of this book

or Notes. Even if there any error or mistake finds, the publisher or printer or

writer or editor will not be responsible.

 2

Q: India's alternative power Examine

in the making the major features of the foreign policy.

- Year as per 2007

Answer-The best of the other in the world by 2050 K
Which 7 big economies

what will happenUnamWhich countries are included? : Brazil, Russia, India, China, Indonesia, Mexico and Peru. This

Opinions have even gone so far as to say that if developing economies like India and China ta and

sincerely fire and'infraof 'Ra' (infrastructure)remove the shortcomingsSo and G-7

Countries included (Britain, Canada, France, GermanyLeave behind China and America, etc. Gee. 'Based

'Structure' includes public services : roads, railways

, bridges on rivers, power plants, children a and education

And health services. Infrastructure constructionfinance bank for loanK like intervalfrom central institutions and

grants available,

, India is a big religion�

What is the strength?

G-8 is a group of rich countries of the world. It includes eight countries. Nee,
- America, Britain, Germany

Japan, France, Italy, Canada and Russia, which have recently joined it. Finance Trade, Finance Health and Finance

These states meet to discuss issues like education, etc. The leaders of , he his cello

Five developing countriesIndia has also started inviting countries. India is one of them.

developing country, China, Brazil, Me Co and South Africa.

India has become a major economy in the last few years. Has emerged as a strength. Economy In activities

Freshness is clearly visible from the following things –

1. Agriculture – Agriculture is the basis of Indian economy.Because about 60 percent of the country's population

Depend on this for livelihood Government of India is planning to increase the cultivation of oilseeds and edible oilseeds.

Oilseeds Technology Mission was established with the aim of reducing imports. At a time when farmers

were lacking and investment in agriculture was declining, neither the government nor the farmers were providing credit to the farmers.

Decided to do. Loans worth about Rs 845 crore were given to farmers during the year 2009-2010.

Went. In addition, the stateUnder the Central Rural Employment Guarantee ActDuring the year 2011-2012

Employment was provided to about 5 crore households, on which approximately Rs 38 thousand crore was spent.

gone
 3

2. Industrial production and development of infrastructure -andIndustrial production is about 9 percent

The growth rate was increasing, but due to global recession the growth rate remained less than 3 percent in 2008-09. back

It improved sharply in two-three years and the growth rate in 2010-11 was 8.2 percent. infrastructure

The development of our country is costing us. The work on the Central Highway Project has progressed and ports,

Airport and railway modernization were also given high priority. Government among these

Investments and private investments have also increased.

3. Foreign Investment -India QIt has become a very popular country in terms of foreign investment.

The main reason for this is that we have talented managers and employees. There is no shortage of four.

The country has about two crore young scientific and technical personnel. it's chari
, The number of people in the country also

Crores of people. There is a huge middle-income group in India, whose purchasing power is gradually increasing.

That is why big shopping malls have been built recently., which is very popular among youth and household ,
branches, financial institutions and an organized capital market and external
Newest baby

Has made India a popular destination for investors.

4. Encouragement to science and research -financeKnowledge and Research Council Aadharbhatu Research

Promoted a lot. National Innovation Foundation to encourage innovation

(National Innovation Foundation) was established. Indian students in International Olympiad-

Efforts were made to ensure participation of girl students.

It has had encouraging results over the last several years. , Indian students have won many medals ,
For the first time in the world, NMP was used as a solvent in one year.

More than 70,000 tonnes of mixed food is being produced. Many new medicines have been discovered.

done.

5. Information Technology, Media Revolution and B. P.O.-last several yearsInformation and broadcasting sector

revolutionary changeit's not happening, Doordarshan in the 1980s'Inste' for broadcasting its channels

Started emailing. In the 1990s, a network of private television channels was established in the country. cable
 4

TV. (Cable TV) not only entertained people, but Also interested in Ju Chennai

Magnification.

Mobile phones today are not only available in every home, but It has become the story of every pocket. Now in India alone

Most of Europe as a whole is a subscriber to telephones and mobile phones. , In 1999 this number was only 22.81

million, which increased to 846.33 million in March 2011. Huge space for new network expansion

An important source of meeting the need of funds is 'Foreign Direct Investment'.

Investment: FDI) has been

6.B. P.O. ,B.P.O. neither in the countryIt has become a huge industry. Good English and

Calling our youth-employees on the basis of information technology knowledge lots of jobs on trucks

are available, After China, India is the only country with more than 20 million people in 110 countries of the world.

have settled in countries, There he earned both name and wealth. His total wealth is 160 billion dollars.

a lot

, India is a great power

India's defense and military policy aims to promote and maintain peace in the Indian subcontinent.

"And the army has to be adequately prepared to face any attack."

Our Defense Department looks after the functioning of all three services (Army, Navy and Air Force). Defense Production

Indigenization of department equipment and components and etc. no

S looks after the production plans of the factories.

Is

1. Joint Naval Exercise:Our90 percent of trade takes place through the sea. Indian Ocean

Increasing threat of terrorism in neighboring areas, incidents of piracy and smuggling of weapons and drugs

The challenges have increased significantly due to the increasing temperature of matter. , About 70 percent of India's energy

Import also takes place through sea.

Therefore, maritime powers (America, Japan, India and agreed to increase cooperation between

Japan's energy security has increased and its foreign trade also depends on the security of the Indian Ocean. r does
 5

Cooperation between India and Japan is growing rapidly. America, Japan, India and taken hind

It also wants control over the ocean and the Pacific Ocean because of China's imperialist intentions.

But should be banned.

2. Combat capability of Indian Air Force:Vyasuna Pramkhu Air Chief Mash�La Fali H.Major Na Jaluai

In 2007, he told a journalist of Navbharat Times, "We are ready to face any challenge.

fully capable , Indian Air Force has now developed into a mature aerospace force

It has been done. We have quite a few advanced and capable aircraft in our stockpile. ,

Work is going on in two phases for modernization of Air Force. , First, air mass is more

There is a plan to include technological weapons. Secondly, the existing weapons will also be modernized.

The work of upgrading the systems is going on. MiG-21, MiG-27 and Jaguar aircraft have already been

Has been modernized.

3. Joint Aeronautical Exercise:burningIndia's Su-30 at Weddington Airport, Britain in 2007

And a joint exercise of Britain's Typhoon fighter planes took place. Awadh Reconnaissance Aircraft

were also involved. The purpose of such exercises is to test each other's combat capability.

Builds confidence in pilots. Indian pilots take initiative for similar aeronautical exercises.

America had also gone. Such exercises reflect 'strategic partnership'. t is ,

4. Minimum Nuclear Resistance Capacity:MayThe nuclear tests of 1998 made us clear that

India is a nuclear power, but our nuclear capability is completely 'safe'.

There is no aggressive attitude. The Vajpayee government has not taken the initiative to use nuclear weapons.

Had announced. Prime Minister Manmohan Singh also assured to follow the same policy.

5. Peace: In establishment efforts Contribution of Indian Army:India is perhaps the only developing country

In which army was sent to suppress the invasion of North Korea in 1950 and peace was established in that region.

of. India and the United Nations in Congo in 1960 Sent a team to participate in Vaio. december

In 1999, Major General VK Jatelli was appointed Commander of the Joint Peace Keeping Force in Sierra Leone.

Created. Peacekeeping efforts have so far taken place in various countries of the world (Cango, Lebanon, East Timor,
 6

More than 8000 Indian soldiers have been deployed in countries like Liberia, Cyprus, etc. , soldier

India stood third among provider countries.

,
conclusion

With these foreign investments, the people of India will not only get employment but will also improve their standard of living.

Change will come in today's global environment, India will play the role of a supplicant state compared to the big states.in the category of

It has become a country that stands up. Be it friends or enemies, neighbors or kings of other islands, today India

Cannot ignore.

In the 21st century

Now India is not only the leader of Asia but also the world leader. playing my role ,China

And except Pakistan, almost all the countries of the world want India to have a permanent representative in the United Nations.

capable
Don't do it. Today all the big international cities of a country like America Owners of Central Juniors

Important officials are Indian Americans.

 7

Q: What are the problems in India's relations with its South Asian neighbours?

Answer –Introduction:

The biggest challenge for India today is to improve the bad attitude of its neighbours.

in charge of generalizationborder disputerely more on the solution of Are Pakistani authentic

work
It is a matter of discussion. It can only be understood from this that today Pakistan and Bangladesh

The traditional festivals of India and Bangladesh are comparatively sweeter. , Minor traffic on India-Bandash border

Clashes have been occurring for more than twenty years, Sri Lanka - The attitude has increased and every time

Despite the concessions, India has to carry out aggressive diplomacy towards Nepal.

, India -paikknowledgerelationship

, Ksir mu

The Kashmir dispute has been going on between India and Pakistan since 1947 over the control of Kashmir.

Were seen on the instrument of merger for merger in India.Gavan� and General MountbattenNo27 October

Gave this approval. This is a dispute over territory that has been going on between India and Pakistan for three years and many

Other armed clashes escalated. India controls about 45% of the region's territory -

Including Jammu, Kashmir valley, most part of Lakh, Siyachan glacier, and 70% of its

Population includes; Pakistan controls about 35% of the land area which includes Azad Kashmir

And Gilgitbab knowledge is included , And China controls the remaining 20% of the land area which includes

Non-public areas, mostly private no tIncluding part of Karakoram Tai and Demchok Seser

Is
, border dispute

Total boundaries of India and Pakistan4 kingspasses throughIncluding Punjab, Gujarat, and Rajasthan

It also includes the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Located on the border of Gujarat state with Pakistan,

There has been controversy regarding the Creek boundary line. The Sir Creek boundary line is not only the national a very important aspect of national security

This is also very important in the context of security of Gujarat state.

 8

, water dispute

Pakistan sponsored terrorism coming to India as per Sindh River Water Agreement

It has been said that the water of the rivers lying in the heart of India should not be given to Pakistan. Sindh River Water

Western rivers in India as per agreement(Jhalem, Chenab, Sindh)also used water from

India can come closer to them20 percentmy ownMud may be found. Sindh River water

Under the agreement, India has the right to tap 36 lakh acre feet of water from western rivers.

With the water from western rivers, India can irrigate crops in 7 lakh acres of area.

Apart from this, India can also build hydroelectric projects on these rivers, although India will not run them.

Will have to be used as off the river project only.

, India-embargorelationship

Beginning of bilateral cooperation between India and Bangladesh1971mIt happened when India

Bangladeshi government supporter Don't do it, send your peace. For this reason one of the two

An emotional bond has also been formed. It is necessary for any country to have good relations with its neighboring countries.

May his feelings be good and strong with, especially in the Asian region where there is a great threat of terrorism.

In the meeting of last year 2017, a new dimension was given to the relations between India and Bangladesh and a total of 11

Agreements and 24 MoUs were signed.

, cypresswater and border management

The border between India and Bangladesh is approximately 4096.7 km. India has a long and remarkable relationship with Bangladesh.

India's border is the largest among its neighboring countries. India-Bangladesh Land Boundary Agreement

(India-Bangladesh Land Boundary Agreement-LBA) came into force in the year 2015 and on 31 July,

were signed on the territorial map in 2015. It is known that till now there is security between the two countries.

Several agreements related to cooperation have been signed , Same overall border management

The scheme, which was signed in 2011 and under which cross-border activities and

Both the border security forces are responsible for investigating crimes and maintaining peace along the India-Bandhra border.

All efforts were made.

 9

, sharing of river water

India and Bangladesh share 54 rivers , Recognize that there is a bipartisanship on this issue.

There is also the Joint River Commission (JRC) which aims to coordinate efforts between the two countries to maximize the benefits from common river systems.

JNU has been working since 1972 and this JRC conducts river related activities from time to time.

Also holds meetings to discuss issues.

, ि◌Bilateral trade and investments

Let us tell you that the first trade agreement was signed between India and Bangladesh in 1972. India-Bandash

The trade agreement was last signed in January 2015 for a period of 5 years with a provision for renewal.

The mission was renewed. Bilateral trade between India and Bangladesh in the last decade

Bilateral trade between India and Bangladesh stood at $9.5 billion in the financial year 2017-18.

The business had come.

, India-sri lankarelationship

, Tamil language:

• In Sri LankaIndia trusts Sri Lanka to accelerate the process of resolution of Tamil issues

Have expressed

• In India and Sri LankaTo fulfill the aspirations of Tamils for equality, justice, peace and respect.

Have also requested

, young affectedin yoursDevelopment:

• Sri Lanka from IndiaThere has been a request to build more houses in the North and East while India has now

Construction of 46,000 houses in affected areas byI have helped you.

• Sri Lankan deep seaAlso to provide support for fishing techniques in the area

Request has been made which will help in creating employment for Sri Lankan people.
 10

, United Ocean Resources Management Authority

, Proximity to territorial waters (especially in the Palk Strait and the Gulf of Egypt) ) both due to

Incidents of fishermen wandering across countries are common. , In view of such situation, both the countries this
Some measures have been taken to resolve the disputes caused by fishermen crossing the maritime boundary line.

Practical arrangements have been agreed.

• Sri Lanka is also proposing to establish a joint marine resources management authority between the two countries.वाव

Have given

• In this authorityThere will be seven members from both the countries which will include bureaucrats, researchers , of the fishermen community

Representatives will attend.

• QProposed authorization to take place on fishing in Palk Strait area

This will help in finding a permanent solution to the conflict.

• Palk StraitI, between the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the Jaffna district of the Northern Province of Sri Lanka

is located

, debt trap

• India and China's debt trap diplomacyThere is controversy regarding this debt trap in Sri Lanka.

• The principle of debt trap diplomacyHowever, China's influence on developing or underdeveloped countries such as African countries

Entrepreneurs borrow money for projects , is a strategy of reward or trap.

, Terrorism:

Both countries have their own anti-terrorism agencies.Decision to promote contacts and cooperation among SIOs this

Have taken
 11

, India-napalmrelationship

, The reason for the recent dispute between India and Nepal is the Liplukhe Pass in Dharchalu, Uttarakhand. combines with

There is a road. Nepal claims that this area falling near Kalapani is a part of Nepal and

India talks with NepalBecause without this area work of loan

road construction Have done

, A new map of Nepal has been released by Nepal officially, which is based on Uttarakhand.

Kalapani considers Limpayadharua and Lipalukhe as part of its sovereign territory.

, Nepal in this regardyear

In 1816 This Sugauli Sindh is mentioned. Nepal's Foreign Ministry

Ansuar, Saguli Sindh (Year)1816) on the banks of river Kali (Mahakali). All areas of, including

Limpyaadharua includes Kalapani and Lipalukhe ,

, is an integral part of Nepal

, Later years of the Anglo-Nepalese War In 1816 By Nepal and British India

Saguali was transferred to Sindh. It is noteworthy that Sugauli is in Sindh. Nepal to Mahakali River

has been defined.

as the western boundary of

, According to Nepal Government, last year

Published by the Government of India after the division of Jammu and Kashmir.

In new maps The difference was that in these maps IndiaHas been molested

, India-Chinarelationship

, perHe and the Dalai Lama

, It is noteworthy that China has always been very sensitive about its regional sovereignty.

India's initial stance and India's granting of asylum to the Dalai Lama is a historical point for China.

Has been a matter of concern.

, year
In 1950 By attacking China, he established his rule there and the Pindits did not

Nor had he taken up the cause of independence at that time.

, China considers the Dalai Lama a separatist (who has a strong influence on reactions)

, yo's new सम China's attitude towards India's role has always been critical
refugee refugee

While the interval �

Central bodies and human rights groups have praised India's move.
 12

, border dispute

, In Central China and Arunachal Pradesh of India and China There are also border disputes. Both countries, both

Staking our claim on you - , it is known thatin honor

Good signal, China has it

Whereas Anachal Pradesh is with India.

, In May 2015When the Indian Prime Minister visited China, one of his questions was

top Discussion on deconsolidation of Line of Actual Control (LAC) invite to do

Was also.

, water dispute

, The water disputes between India and China mainly relate to the Brahmaputra River which flows through both countries.

flows

, In the last few years

Many times such news
Salmon keeps coming water flow of brapatu river
That China, in comparison

Construction of dams to preventIs taking place and if this happens then in the northern states of India

water supply There may be disruption, this has become a major cause of dispute between the two parties.

, theOcean of China Sea

, China considers 90 percent of the South China Sea as its own. This is a maritime area where

,
Abundant amounts of natural flour and gas are available

, China, Taiwan and Vietnam continue to lay claim to the Myrtle Islands , Let it be known that

The Strait is the second largest archipelago in the South China Sea.

, It is noteworthy that India is taking action in the South China Sea at the request of Vietnam.exposes the bottom and

China has always been criticizing this step of India.

 13

, India-afghanknowledgerelationship

Relations between India and Afghanistan are very strong and warm. , As many Afghans as our own

The neighbor is not close to Pakistan, it is much closer to India.

in afghanistan Many mega projects costing billions of dollars have been completed and some are still underway.

Work is going on. On the contrary, Afghanistan blames Pakistan for sponsoring terrorism here.

Afghanistan's leaders keep accusing Neta visits India from time to time. ,
Joshi
In which the relations between the two countrieswarmth is known but from time to time such activities -

Which in relations between the two countries seems

also keeps happening ,
like a challenge

, equal to india� security challenges

But
pillars of development India is continuously helping Afghanistan, but on the security front but india

No steps have been taken yet. US Army in Afghanistan stay connected to the safety there

I am. If the American army leaves Afghanistan, the Taliban will become the rulers there.

I hope so. India also has to be concerned about its own self-funded development projects

is effective

It is believed that if the Afghan army weakensAnd the Taliban should be effective

If I go to Afghanistan All the hard work of India will go in vain. Then the big question will arise that

To protect its interests, India may have to take responsibility for the security of Afghanistan.

And then what about India in Afghanistan?Would it be appropriate to send your request? Would India like that

In a country like thisWhere it has become most popular by promoting development projects is

Will you instill any fear among the people of Afghanistan by sending your army?

Actually, Afghanistan is in South Asia.Is an important partner of India.between the two countriesbilateral

Relations have traditionally been strong and friendly. , In the 1980s India-Afghan relations a-

Got a new identity,butAfghanistan in the 1990s and under Taliban rule After coming to life -

The relations got strengthened once again.

 14

Q: India and China relationsBorder dispute acts like a barrier. comment

कीज़्य |

Answer-India shares a 3,488 km long border with China.this limit hअ-उकीर,

It passes through Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh. Batti Ee

H - Western zone i.e. Jammu and Kashmir, Middle zone i.e. Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand and East

Sehar means Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh.

Although there is no complete demarcation between the two countries yet.Because many areas

There is a border dispute between the two.

India in western sectorAai claims China as his ownWhich is currently under the control of China� Is
China had occupied this Peruvian area during the 1962 war with India.

China claims Arunachal Pradesh as its own. China says that the southern
in the same eastern direction

China also does not recognize the McMohan Line between Tibet and Arunachal Pradesh.

He says that in 1914 When the British India and the representatives of the British signed an agreement, they

He was not present there, he said that he was in trouble and hence he himself did not take any decision.

Can.
Actually in 1914There was a monarchy but I was weak.But Chinaever to

I don't agree with the systemIn 1950China completely owns the situation Took.

Overall in China Anachal PradeshMcMahon does not follow the line and comes to India's stand against China.

Also rejects the claim.

Due to these disputes, the border between the two countries was never demarcated. The battle could not take place however status quo was maintained

Line of all content to keep OL i.e. LAC Team Felt used though right now

This is also not the case, both countries have their own separate lines of total content. ,
let me tell you
 15

This line of aul content Many glaciers, snow on the hill The deserts, mountains and rivers of, LAC

There are many areas associated withWhere there is news of tension between the armies of India and China

,
keeps coming

, India and China border dispute

, Ganga Lake
Fifth note of musical scale�

134 kilometerslongpGanga Lakein the himalayas�close14,000 feetShigh altitude

Is
of this lake45 kilometersarea in indiafalls, whereas the 90 kilometer area is in Chinais coming

The Line of Actual Control passes through this lake.

It is said that in the western One third of the cases of encroachment by China are on this side.
Ganga Lake

is near ,
This is because in this area There is no consensus on the Line of Actual Control between the two countries.

Both have fixed their separate LACs.

, Galwan Valley

Galwan Valley disputed area in Ayi China Galwan Valley between Lakh and Aye China India-China

Located near the border.

Here the Line of Actual Control (LAC) separates China from India.

Extends to Southern Xinjiang and Lakhs of India.

east of t Professor and Internationalexperts on international affairssd minilet me tell you

Jawaharlal Nehru University

This region is very important strategically for India. Hong Kong, Xinjiang, China

And it is adjacent to the border of Lakh. Even during the war of 1962, this area of Galvan river became a war zone.

Chief's Was feeling wet.

 16

, Tawang

China eyes Tawang area of Anachal Pradesh That

it's always been like this share of shame to Tawang

Admits and says that in Tawang and Tattit quite a lotThere is cultural similarityof the wise men

Major religions
There is also a place

That is why it is said that China will bring Tawang with itself to the major Buddhist sites just like in the past.

Wants to get a grip

Dalai Lama when monday of TawangEven when Sri Lankan visited, China had strongly opposed it.

, Nathlua

Nathlua is a mountain pass in the Himalayas.

Who is the leader of India? In the state and in the southto Chu valley

This route from India connectsGangtok, the capital of Sikkim, is about 54 km east.I am

14,200 feetat heightNathlu situated is important for India. Since here passes through Chinese occupied area

i Tithi of Kailash Mansarovar situatedIndians have a strong urge to travel.

 17

Q: Do you think? Why India and America are growing closer? What are these relations?

Has it affected?

Answer-Introduction:

India and America are growing closer Which affects the relations between India and China

Influenced.inam� Growing rivalry between America and China, India-China border tension, Western

In relation to countries and regionsUS leadership with continued decline and Joe Biden's victory

or anything important etc.examples

mountain of events ,

Since both Russia and India support a multi-polar international systemI don't do,itTherefore and one-

Equally
other's kingdom important to each other in achieving mutual interests. yes
, however

Due to the changing geopolitical scenario, relations between the two countries are not that good. , as cold as

in times of youth
used to come

i of the Foreign Secretary of Indiathe upcomingThis journey is changing the global geopolitical equation.
In this context

It provides an opportune moment to review the relevance of India-China relations.

, goals of indiaMeaning of S:

, Countermeasures against Chinese aggression:PavuIn the border areas of Lakh Chinese aggression

Has affected the progress of India-China relations, although it has reduced tensions between India and China -

Also show the ability of Karan ManasThat's it.

oh In the disputed Galwan Valley area of Sin Lakh Violence between the armies of India and China

conflict
After this, a trilateral meeting was held between the foreign ministers of India and China

Had done.

, Emerging new areas of engagement:weapon, hide�

economy No, nuclear energy
occasion And cooperation like diamond

Apart from traditional trade, there is economic cooperation between India and Russia. New forms of engagement – such as robots,

Nanotech, Biotech, Mining, Agro-Industrial and High Technology) Opportunities are likely to emerge.
 18

oh Far East of Russia by Indiaand figures

in tick areaWork towards expanding your reach did
Along with this, joint venture projects between the two countries can also get a boost.

Is

, Counter terrorism:India andtogether in afghanistan to increase your back

the goal is working �

, as well as the border between the two countries 'Comprehensive Convention on Central Terrorism'

(Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism- CCIT) to be finalized soon

Have asked for my life.

, No:beyond
capable on bilateral platforms thisिर सस संयु राष Security Council (UNSC) and nuclear

supplywhere? doesn't
Support of India's candidature for permanent membership of the Group (NSG)

, Importance of India for:

, one more
Satanlun against the lord of China:India and China's partnership in honor of alliance -

Bar has been reiterating that he does not want to be considered as someone's junior party. In male form However this time

P in This is the reason why he wants India to be involved in this region. lord of china

In spite of maintaining power balancePlay your role.

, For example, the far east of the The vast territory of India is rich in resources, but here

The population is very low and this area is in comparison to the rest of the world. is underdeveloped

, So far in the development of this areaThe party has been playing the role of China and hence on China

With a view to reducing the situation, India's assistance in

increasing one's self-confidence diversity

want to bring

, Reviving
erusaian economy the A group:In the success of the Eurasian Economic Union

Like during the Cold War, taking advantage of India's soft power to gain influence

He is trying to re-establish his dominance in this area.

 19

, Major Challenges:

, India's increasing closeness to western countries:China's financeConservative foreign policy should not hurt India

To overcome India's reservations and to end its sour relations with Western countries, especially America.

Forced to activate.

oh This broad process needs to be re-engineered and a system and inclusive Hindi-

In the declaration of peaceThis reflects India's role.

, east
Inclination of s towards:control�In 2014 Western countries are not worried after Russia's attack on Crimea

but harsh economy

A ban has been imposed.

oh In response to these efforts to separate What is yours?Pivot to the

East)The policy was put forward with greater strength.

oh The biggest consequences of this change will be in its relations with China.
in the middle of the year Sadhuar and

As its improving relations with Turkey, Iran and Pakistan can be seen

oh S's'Pivot to the EastPolicy out of sync with America

And this situation also affects the relations between India and Russia.

, ninsix ,

, This shows that India and China still value each other. consider as partners
, of both countries

This friendship is built on deep mutual trust, butin honor

Objectives for his foreign policyapart-

am
in different directions takingHowever, neither India nor China or the United States

One wants to become a junior partner. Therefore, both countries are again in the same situation as in the Cold Age.

Work to strengthen bilateral relations can do ,

 20

Write
Question: Which of the following a simple comment on any two of these.

(a) India-ASEAN relations

(b) Indira Gandhi

(c) non-aligned movement

(d) िदसे (साक्त) ,

Answer-

(a) India-ASEAN Summit:

In October 2003Former Prime Minister of India Atal Bihari Vajpayeeof ASEAN countries

With the visit, India's relations with ASEAN have taken a new turn. value
, object: substance in time

India-ASEAN summit is the most important foreign policy of India It has become a page. almost a decade

Earlier India had followed the East India Open Policy. Since then, India's relations with ASEAN

i I have become stronger. It can be said that from the time of Prime Minister Narendra Rao till now, India's

In policy towards ASEAN countries

There has been a continuity. Not only this problem of Vajpayee government nor this policy

to andBrought to more solid ground.an important The thing is that the east of India opened

One state on policy

The Committee has agreed and there has been no opposition to it. It would not be inconsistent to say that P.

in times of no India is slowly moving towards achieving the Asian unity that India had never dreamed of.

Is increasing.

Emphasis on alliances
Effects of legalization and liberalization after 1990m�When the tertiary economy

When I realized that, I started giving priority to India's open policy. Review of this policy more
India's presence in ASEAN Is entering. India in 1992
important in ASEAN Seoral

male status
dialogue party got,In 1995 male status
give him full dialogue part Found. In 1996India

Got membership of ASEAN Regional Forum. NoIn the year 2002 India in code peak

Air i had the opportunity to participateand auberIn 2003 in bali India with ASEAN
in a situation of compromiseCame . India's ASEAN summit talks The journey till is very important.doing
 21

Ha. India has signed a trade agreement with ASEAN , It is expected that

This session the trade between India and ASEANWill grow old. 45 percent of India's external trade

With ASEAN countries.In 1991 India's trade with ASEAN countries $3.1 billionOfbusiness

Which was in 2002It became 12 billion dollars. With India, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam and Myanmar

in business
It has also been decided to give relaxation.

Dialogue with ASEANi About direct flights What has been done?India our18
also decided

in citiesIt will provide this service. India and ASEAN countries in matters of terrorism to be united

Have appealed.aState� manifesto ofBut even at this peak� i signed

conflict with terrorism

, south-eastAsian countries like Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, etc. are religious.
have gone

Suffering from the problem of terrorism, This has become a big problem in India today. With this problem

In getting all these countries to agree to competeIndia has succeeded

(c) Non-Aligned Movement:

Melting
in the cold war and tension between two giantsrelationships become easiersome logo

Noted that the policy of non-alignment is no longer relevant. This was a wrong approach and perhaps

The clan developed due to lack of understanding of the nature and background of the parents. Root of Gatunirpeta

Nation for freedom i lies in , Many countries, after gaining independence,

valley conflict

Under pressure or tensionKhadu was combined with one or the other shagatu.

Foreign Jews felt that after independence the Asian and Africanany

Alliance with Mahasha Wasn't.

in personal interest It made Asian and African countries great

Reacted against the power politics of Shiyo. developing countries of Asia and Africa, which

Consensus with all countries on the path of development Wanted to maintain the relationship.

All alliances with any country and especially with any country of the Western or Eastern Bloc

i In the form of not enteringis most well defined. The policy of non-alignment
There is no neutrality. It is neither a policy of remaining silent out of fear of others nor isolation from financial politics.
Meaning

Decision on all issues according a

Policy of. It decides what is right and wrong topath to take Is
 22

on group leaderMr. Jawahar Lal NoNot in 1949 Said -'When I�says that we to oneself

Should not be associated with any political group, obviously this does not mean that we Some?

In our relations with countries Shouldn't

In comparison to others be close. this mainAith� K,
political,Krish and many othersDepend on factorsCancels. No hateful relationships will develop.

And we encourage to develop don't keep

Yes, but we find ourselves in such a situation.

want to, where politically, we are aligned only with a particular group or our future

is
Regarding foreigners left Activities

in the world
What is the real meaning of the concept of non-alignment? The credit for the gift goes to the Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal

Goes to no. Not the Jawaharlal of India, but the King of Egypt L'Nasser and Yagurovaya's son Tito

whatthree
Supporting the policy of non-alignment politiciansTo follow the policy of non-partisanship

Declared his unreserved adherence to Bandung principles.

Gatunirpe Peak Salen:First Gatunirpe summitLane in October 1961 held

in balgrade

Was done. in this Heads of government of 24 countries participated. Selene by nuclear power

Emphasized
complete the need for denuclearization and abandonment of nuclear tests.October1964m�

Kahta Gatunirpe summit held in Salen 47 participants participated. one of this cell

The interesting feature was that the delegates met Congolese Prime Minister Moise Isou to participate

Permission was refused.

The third Gatunirpe peak in Saleen In September, 1970 in Kaka54 competitions held

Took part.ISOsTransaction neutrality and economics Drafted a declaration on independence.

Ut Raa Emphasis was laid on colonialism and arms race between the two countries. gatunirpe nation fourth of

in Syria
Saleen in September 1973 was held and membership increased to 76.
 23

Question: In the context of the emerging financial system i Fundamental principles of Indian foreign policy and

Test the objects.

Or

Examine the effects of privatization on India's foreign policy.

Answer-

, Indian foreign policy objectives:

In India's foreign policyAt least the following four points are intended:,

, the first one:The first andBroad objectives – like any other country – our

State
Private interests have to be protected."Ra��own interestsscope of considerableare widespread, for example

About us in this
This includes securing our borders to protect territorial integrity, cross-border

counter terrorism, energy Security, food security, cyber security. in trust

, first objective

India has to be protected from traditional and non-traditional threats.

, second one:second oneTo create an external environment that is conducive to inclusive domestic development

yes. i Financially we Foreign partners, foreign investment, transfer of modern technology

as There is a need for external inputs so that we can a global infrastructure

Can develop structure, so thatMake in India,� � Indiaas our actions�develop sequences

Can be done. Digital India, Brat City, may succeed , so that we have good agriculture and

Have modern defense equipment etc. In recent yearsAddition to this initiative of India's foreign policy

Economic
of knowledge relations with political diplomacy as a result of migration Integrate diplomacy

Diplomacy of development has been done by doing.

, the third one:backIn 72 yearsIndia transformed from a poor developing country to an emerging economy

Have evolved and now this is an important As an alternative leaderis counted therefore third

important
Their objective is to ensure that India's voice is heard on international platforms and India

terrorism, climate changeNo, neutralization, free trade, free trade, institutions of free governance
 24

Sadhudar, who is as old as the rest of the world affect india , as optional

In influencing public opinion on issues of financial dimensions Be able to.

, NRIs and Indian Malays

the fourth one:India's30 millionsashHe is a migrantin which

Which includes have spread

, which in heaven One
, In the last few yearsIn these host countries

as an effective force Has emerged. It provides a strong link between India and other countries.

and strengthen bilateral relations Can play a role. Fourth and one
important

important
The objective is to include Indians and abroad Maximum benefit from their presence

to achieve, while at the same time protecting their interests as much as possible.

, Principles of Indian Foreign PolicyMorning:

are
In these fundamental principles ,
included

1.Panchsheel, or five gunas on 29th April,The formal treaties that were signed in 1954

Agreement on Trade between India and the Occupied Territories of IndiaWere propounded, and later finance

�As a basis for conducting international relationsworkDeveloped to do. These five principles
but interval

yes
,

I. Mutual respect for the territorial integrity and sovereignty of others,

II. aggressive aggression,

III. Pari Gari Happe,

IV. equality and mutual benefit, and

V. peacefulसह अ ◌ृ

2. Vasadhuvai Kutumbakam is related to this, everyone is together (finance is a family),development for all, development for all

Concept of trust. in other wordsThe entire financial community is part of one big global family

And family members should maintain peace and respect, work together and act as one

We must trust each other to grow together and for mutual benefit.
 25

3. India in the transition of ideologies and systems mountain

is againstIndia is a democracy�

believes and is able does not; however, India is in transit of ideologiesno faith

That is why India stands with the government, be it democracy, monarchy or true dictatorship.

Believe that it is the country's responsibility to elect or remove its leaders and to maintain or change its form of governance.

By considering the above principles, India will not be forced by any other country or group of countries.
depend on the public

or in a particular country using other means true change

Nor or violation of tertiary integrity

No
capable of thinking doesn't. Iraq), Libya, Syria American harp or georgiaOr, Ekrun etc.

मुस का हैपे (

4. India imposes unilateral sanctionsVaio's supportno doesn'tIndia is like no othercountry or countries

Sanctions against another country by a group ofSupport the idea of doingno

Y doesn't

to
good reason wai/until interval Consequences of the crisis
Dear Sir
� By these restrictions

S-Approval is not given. Therefore India is only involved in such peacekeeping operations. The United Nations contributes to

,
is part of the calm spirits

5. Constructive engagement on aggressionIndia, essay on aggressionThe audacity of the policy of attachment

It believes that violent retaliation War and conflict can only complicate matters.

There is no solution; after every war the opposing parties hold intense talks. come to enjoy by which on time

A lot of damage has already been done. This especially applies to cooking in India. ,
ltd state The filth of sponsored terrorism.
 26

Question: Analyze India-United States relations after the Cold War.

Answer-Introduction:

Neither the United States of America nor India actually there are two
nor the world,between the two countries

In relations
There have been constant ups and downs, which have started with India's neutral NAM crisis.

to different states over the course of time and ultimately towards strategic convergence. The honor has lasted for a long time.1

, India is important for US economic and international strategies. yes both

In the 21st century

The growing relationship between democracies has been described as "a defining partnership of the 21st century". saw
May go

this partnershipin America�India's growing soft powerOfP inHas become even stronger. As if

John AckLa Na was absolutely right, thatIn alternative pairs of valuesVictory mostly depends on thisr

It depends on whose story wins, not on whose courage wins. This claim

In 1990 Joseph jinor yours“Bound to Lead:The move�A book titled “Zinging Nature of American Power”

i It was cited through the concept of “soft power”. soft power attractiveness of a country n and

Interchange through cooperation and not coercion �

Ability to achieve consistent results on key issues

In the field of personal mattersa

to is the interval.�
conditionThat decision
What is reality is the magic of soft power

Cultural influences, political issues and foreign policies are, Similarly, India's soft power

There is a growing influence of Indian immigrants on the earth.

in united states
Impact of immigrants on India's soft power:

, Indian immigrants to America

India's source of social power is its diaspora , which is its property

in three stagesDevelopment has come, first is education and search for employment, second is the main source of remittance (2017

i uss in india $10.657 billion annuallya transmission) and thirdly affecting the dynamics of US

Curran as influential players Within the US, the Indian diaspora is an effective Jinak

And with our ethics, discipline, non-harming and local people

are diplomatic tools

peaceful
It is accepted to live a life , I am finally in the USCreating identity and image of Indians
 27

projection and image makingcontribute to , Indian diaspora is not only a source of India's social power

Agents of India's soft power is also

, as in lowly discussionHas been done.

created -in America�Many Hindi radio channels availableSuch as RBC Radio, Easy 96 Radio,

Radio Humsafar, Desi Jann, Radio Salaam Namah, Funicia Radio and Sangeet. indian cable channels

Such as Sony TV, Zee TV, TV Shows, Kalas And third channels are also broadcast
, many indian malu

The actors are part of Hollywood s are some talented artists Priyanka Chopra, leave,
, In these

Freida Patton, Kunal Nair, Mira Nair and Madhru Jaffrey. flourIn cinema halls of metropolitan districtsToo

bollywood movieis shown , Most of the Indian festivals are celebrated with the same zeal and enthusiasm.

special featuresThe festival of Diwali is celebrated with ceremonies and Bollywood dance.

K -Hindus
religious of India (51%), Sikhs (5%), Jains (2%), Muslims (10%) and Christians (18%)

in united states of america Hindu

practice your religion with determination Indians in the US hindu

American Foundation is formed. i

A community charity work helps When
also in AmericaNeed arises t S&K Khalsa Grinding Co.regular
PS in America Provides assistance to low-income families and any

In the post-natural disaster situationalso helps , 'The Sikhsse' organization provides food and clothing

P in and saav
Whom it helps by providing opportunities for service.

education-Indian immigrantsIs educated, overall in the US Safe till the age of 25 years

Compared to 31% who completed degrees 79% of Indian immigrants remain childless by the age of 25. degree

fulfills , Apart from this, 25 and above income group i Only 11% of the general population of America

44%
In comparison to Indian expatriate massDegree, PhD or higher professional degree acquiredI have done ,it

2015-16 school yeari , approximately 166,000 Indian immigrants were enrolled in higher education institutions in America.

was entered, bringing the overall 1 millionth gap � Yo had 16 percent share and mainly
Central students

in all science, technology, engineering and mathematics (S.T.E.M.) areas by working for other citizens

,
is defeated
 28

household income-Indian diaspora in America�Among the richest ethnic communitiesAll Indian descendants are one.

average annual
The average annual income of a US citizen is approximately $89,000. k income $

Rs.50,000/- in case of investment income, compared to 15% of Americans20% Indian families

in total income ofDividend income was included, compared to 43% of US citizens.

52% of Indians got interest income. 2000 US Census report According to, Asian

"Peru Year" of Indian male populationfull of Time average income was the highest ($51,094), while

The average income for Asian Indian women was ($35,173).

in politics Participation-novemberIn 20165 Indian American Candidates Rokha, Raja Krimuti ,

Primala Jayapal and Kamala Harris were elected to the US Congress. Was elected, by doing so he created a new history

Gadha while Amy Barea was elected for the second time. US states of 2016 father in elections
achieved victory

After Karan, Donna Tony praised Hindus and Indian Americans

Highlighted the political participation of the people. in America In 201860 Indian Overseas Candidates

General elections, state legislature and local bodiesLy is contesting for the seat ,

conclusion

The horror of Indian immigrantsdeveloped significantly in the 1960s and 1970sone of the first generation

K
From immigrants from small and apolitical groupsIn the 21st century an economy of american society

And till becoming a well established part of the social society. NRIs are neither leading nor uneducated

and lessskilled punjabi farmersrising above in honor

One of three million more skilled people

We have come a long way in building a strong community.

Indian Americans are the wealthiest (those with household incomes almost equal to the US average)

is doubled,most intelligentand in America is a law abiding ethnic community, which is a

"Ideal" "Asiyanka" isThis community is also quite organized.In theseMany people in India are regular

Travels and many people in the country dispatch is being sent

, Indian Americans are involved in many advocacy organizations and

political work Committees have been established which are important for India. in front of muMany

basic work Have done

 29

Q: Interval� Critically evaluate India's position on selected issues.

this is enough

Answer-2.4% of the total area of financeBut the world's populationCountry with 17.5% nutrition

In
Indiafound today� managing selective issues Left behind Wood for fuel and agricultural land

In India today, due to deforestation for the expansion of Forest area is only 18.34% (637,000

class
km) left25.7% of the country's forests are important.in parts of the stateYes, but the forest is fresh there too

What is happening?

Efforts to improve selection qualityStill working

How does the Indian government provide enough money to the country?

The same people are making the problems complex by exploiting resources almost every day.

, India's
found� efforts to save Varan

- Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,1974 and 1977

Seeing the increase in water pollutionIn 1963A committee was formed to prevent water pollution and

Advised for legislation, so that "domestic and industrial effluents into those waters should not be allowed to meet

A Bill for the purpose of providing a source of drinking water, suitable for agricultural use and sustenance of life in the world.

year
In 1969prepared,In Parliament on November 30, 1972 butEach bill passes both houses.night

By 23 March, 1974 It was approved under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,

called 1974

Another law is the Water (Pollution and Control) Act, 1977.To

In preventing water pollution

Approved on 12 December 1977. Under this law

State To prevent surface water pollution

k gets
Central and State Pollution Control Board broad powers to punish those who pollute water.

Provision has also been ensured.

Water Pollution Prevention and Control Act 1974 and 1977,To control water pollution� to keep

important forsteps are

It empowers the government to control toxic, harmful and polluting

f
Discharge of dispersed waste into rivers and other water streams Against those who spread pollution

Y can
reason be ensured.
 30

, forest rangeLoan Act, 1980-

Cutting of forests is natural for population growth and to meet the needs of human life.

Yes, there will be a complete ban on deforestation for some time. Time to re-plant after imposing restrictions

to giveIndian governmentBy 1980 Act passed Forest Conservation Actmeaning ofफुनु

There was a contribution. To implement this Act more effectivelyTo compensate year
In 1988

The amendment was made.

, AndLife Preservation Act, 1972-

Agriculture, industry and urbanization lead to destruction of forests, excessive cutting of forests leads to loss of living organisms.

Many species have either become extinct oror on the verge of bleeding, in life extinct species

The government has not taken any steps to protect it such asIn 1952 indian life board Of
close
Formed.corresponding board� toWildlife parks and sanctuaries were created and in 1972

Indian Wildlife Preservation Act was passed.AndLife Preservation Act, (1972)

To make it more practical and effective, year

In 1986 and 1991 Amendments were also made.

, Selection
found� (Protection) Act 1986-

united statesfirst man offound�

Varan Saleen (Pakistan) January 5, 1972India being affected by

enough
Government is not enough Selection
for selection protection (Protection) Act, 1986 passed. whose

To protect humans, animals, plants and animals from distress and provide adequate Preserving common and
intimate

To
creation of comprehensive law comply with applicable laws Formation of selective protection institutions
that's enough

It is possible to establish timing between the taxes and their procedure.

Given the widespread need for selective rules, it is sufficient Ministry of Agriculture and Forestsdaysr
enough

2004 Draft
this is enough has
of Selection Policy 2004 been issued,under whichnight act

enough
Conservation of precious resources can be ensured.
 31

, Value status-
Proposed�

It's happening now.

in the last year on the issue ofGovernment of Indiataking the initiativeAnd

Ye took, in
Fresh Air, Save Water, Save Energy, Grow More Trees, NowNot Green Jaise Kaine Challan Decision

of all Our purpose is to protect the environment.

Almost to preserve selection200

All these importantApart from the acts, in the country enough

there are more laws, But the consequences of almost all the laws areThat's why it's disgustingIndia

1/2 In the list of most polluted countriescomesand found�

No steps yet for selection protection

Effective training has not been done , But the reality is that this should not be a legal issue,

Whereas for this all parts of the society will be able to cooperate with each other. To preserve selection

Collective efforts should be made.

explosive population,materialistic culture, continuous exploitation of natural resources, age, nuclear

Through testing, industrial developmentEvenStopping the Chao Honored Chief of Mankind

Can
Must be objectiveIn which we find balance for the coming generations�selection also do?
 32

India – in these relations

Q: In the 21st century pamhu Na kijiya |
B Description of interests and concerns

Answer –Introduction:

Withstanding the test of time,Friends forever,The one who supports you all the time,privileges and privileges

Received – When one talks about diplomatic relationsIndia andअसdiplomat between

J cannot be encroached upon because both countries are good

Vishu scope and scope of partnership

in time And support each other even when times are not good.
As a strong pillar of strengthstand still

yes
,

, In view of the major relations between the two countries

, rwhat relation

Defense
keeping the future in mind and nuclear energyas importantin yours
cooperation is stronger than initiative

And the upcoming summit level talks i This will yield a renewed song. India's own army

bones
Weyer'smore than 60 percentimports and although New Delhi manufactures its own weapons

supplyi Despite bringing diversity, in the coming years There is every possibility that this situation will continue

Defense relations – which are the basis of relations with India –buyer-selleroutline with subversion

Sustained work for joint research, development and production of technologies and weapon systems in order
disciple

Joint development is a new mantra which has gained a new dynamism with

Aircraft
support
Generation Fighter Aircraft, Multi-Tier and in India Sukhoi-30 aircraft and T-90

t K's licenseC in productionIs reflected.

, energy�
Diplomacy

is
Strategic Ease Ongoing Civil Nuclear Energyin cooperation
in bilateral relations reflected where

It is India's preferred partner. Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant is NPP's first (

unit, whichburning,2013m�move and7 january, 2014to my Panu�production capacity achieved, successful

In the field of nuclear cooperationa mango mountain

Negative is a symbol of time.kudankulam nuclear power

The second unit of the plant is expected to be operational soon. It appears that this is something else.
 33

at
in the year Nuclear reactor is going to be established. In the upcoming summit, We
least one degree

Can expect a joint document on cooperation

energy in which
This would include whether India

Will propose a new oil and gas field.

, Aith�
Focus on activating relationships

With the strengthening of strategic relations, the major focus this time has appropriately been the economy. In relation to
old man

Will be on Karan which is an area in whichPerformance has been below expectations and this is a strong strategic

is not commensurate with the level of partnership that both countries have built over time Have made an estimate

Answar, India – One Sided Trade10 billion dollarsTherefore, both countries are facing barriers

try to remove c And it is expected that such instruments will be signed which will support other initiatives.

complete गी िजशे जीष्ठ भी मैडी मैडी की मूडी'Make in India'An important part of the campaign

Will be able to become a partner. India – Prime Minister Modi and the nation with the CEO Forumjoint by father and son

Air This
economy will underline this renewed focus on enhancing relations.

, diamonds forever

diamonds are forever And this is India literally: – about this relationship.true we can hope

yes
That as an alternative diamond hubNations to inspire the rise of India father son one

Unveil new ambitious plan g and s kDiamond Giant Alrosaand diamond of india

Some agreements will be signed between the traders in which the diamond traders of India will be able to sell the stones directly.

In receivingcapable g.
may be

, the endSkyscraper high :e

, the
in the field of space sky is the limit in space Launching the first Indian mission:

Manned Moon Mission and GLONASS and other importantClear from ongoing collaboration on internal applications

is that outer spaceIndia – International Cooperationwill remain a resplendent frontier.

 34

, Maat�
thinking cultural relations

smartDiplomacy is only about big ticket strategic principles No, bring the people together and

cultural energyAbout using is alsocultural, religiousan exchangedrink�

tons of

relation
In the new vision statement ofProminent personalities are expected to attend. If we talk about culture. So
The eternal romantic Rajkapuru even todayIndia -The mental goals of these relationships d scapehovering above the night

is visible , Rajkumar's permanent formula is now availableAs a continuing affair with Valivadu Fruit-

bloomingIncluding leading schools and universitiesIts own institutions other than Hindi

Teaches languages like Sanskrit and Pali

Tamil, Marathi, Gajurati, Bengali, Urdu. , Indian dance, music, yoga

and income
द की सम Popularity is sky high

, longThis is the path of fire

India – What matters to these relations?Provides special and privileged access, And what about the changing world?

metal of politicsWill you be able to maintain your unique glow amidst calculations?answer to this question

in a loud voice ha ha haDespite some recent incidents such as a standoff with PakistanAnd Sindh

Controversial decision of Sir for Karanय.But the overall picture is overall mostly positive.

IsIndia -The things that relate toProvides lasting relevance and strength he in strategic areas

h and important
variety of cooperation In force on tertiary and alternative issuesThere is equality, which is brotherhood and -

Based on shared trust.

In an inclusive world order

conclusion

India-China relations have strengthened over time despite changing geopolitical situations. ,Both

Want to continue to explore a strong strategic partnership , so each other

in progress Staking
economy is important to strengthen political and security relations Is
A larger area of cooperation in view of regional and international flowsUpresidence
economy geopolitics

ups and downsThis will also inspire political relations.

 35

Question: In financial organizationsinterval

Special reference to the central stamp i India's growing influence
Critically examined?

Name
Answer-Financial Trading Organization (East) GATT January 1, 1995to bdimensional trade agreement

In that era of With the consent of the temporary members Came. India belongs to both the organizations

Among the founding members It has been a d) I It is situated in

The number of members is 164.

Major functions of financial trading organizationare , Administering trade agreements, trade

as follows

Establishing forums for representatives, resolving trade disputes, monitoring trade policies

providing technical assistance and training to developing countries and other international �
private institutions

To help. The structure of a financial business organization is three-tier.

Ministerial Saleen

general council

Director General and Secretariat

top of dtwo The unit is ministerial cell.All its policy decisions� this and this agreement

, in
are carried out by the unit thisEach member is a representative of each country. Its meeting is held every

Once
within a period of two years mandatory, the decisions of the Ministerial Councilof these and agreements

One to oversee the implementationsamaGeneral Councilofhas been arranged

in which
There are representatives of all member countries , The General Council must make rules and regulations for other committees.

Has the right to appoint. Trade Council to assist the General Council,
procedure set

A Trade Council and a Permanent Empowered Council of business-related intellectuals have been formed, which are generally

Supervision and general direction of the Council this

Shan's surroundings does
work

Recently India nofinance� Trade Organization (World Trade Organization's- WTO)Oftrade dispute

The decision of the appeal against Given

A decision of the settlement panel Z this, in which
It was said that sugar and

The country's domestic support for the

Neither measure is in accordance with alternative trade norms.
 36

, China has been given the status of 'developing country' by the Financial Trade Organization. Was
this morning given, this WTO

decision
This raised concerns and objections were lodged by many countries. Also it is a controversial issue

had become.

, key points

, India's appeal:

oh India's appeal to the Appellate Body of the Financial Trade OrganizationAppeal was filed, which is as follows

Is the final authority on trade disputes.

oh panel report i In relation to certain errors of law or legal interpretations involved India does not appeal "

Panel's findings"of and bodies,decision

Overturning these and recommendationsto modify

Or has been requested to be declared as uncontroversial and without any legal effect.

oh India has sought a review of the panel's findings that sugar mills will have to spend on marketing costs. Of
Scheme of providing targeted assistance, including yes
Delay, upgrade and other transmission costs and

�
interval quantity plan
Central and internal transport costs andmaximumacceptable export

) Maximum Admissible Export Quantity- MAEQ)hundred ofWith reference to i year2019-20

sugar exports for Includes freight charges ,

, Complaint against India:

oh ohhhItaly, Brazil and Guatemala believethat India's domestic� and exportt

CD measures WTO agreements on agriculture and CD and countervailing standards

) Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures-SCM)agreement on

and general knowledge on trade and commerceagreement (General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs-

GATT)की अनुद्धAppears to be inconsistent with various provisions of XVI,

oh which
All three countries have complained that India is providing domestic support to sugarcane growers. does not provide

of total quantity producedMinimum amount of 10% moreon hay and agricultureof agreement

Was inconsistent.
 37

TS
oh those from indiathe alleged� D,uProviding assistance and buffer block schemes and

Under the marketing and transportation scheme D's issue was also raised.

oh ohhhtook the year on indiaWheat and sugar targets after 1995-96own poison�A home capable
No
and yearIts exports since 2009-10 In notifying TCD to "fail"

alleged, which was inconsistent with the provisions of the SCM Agreement.

oh Look into the matter and submit your report. Dispute resolution body of DTU to investigate

A panel was constituted by the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB).

, India's भ:

oh India said that "the complainant In this showare failing ”King Gang and its various schemes

Indian market is capable of Neither violates the agreement on agriculture.

oh It also argued that 'the supply Requirements of Article 3 of the Chain Management Agreement Now

Not applicable to IndiaAnd in IndiasupplyAs per Article 27 of the Canal Management Agreement

8 years for liquidation of CDD, if any

export There is a phase out period of

, ,
Panel's findings

and exportTSD measures

oh Dispute Settlement Panel in Chinese Sector India's domestic power

�
interval
Considered a violation of central trade rules.

oh The panel did not find that2014-15 year India for five consecutive Chinese seasons till 2018-19

Sugarcane growers are allowed rebate of 10% of the total value of sugarcane production in excess of Rs.

Not
special household support provided.

, ,
Panel Recommendation

oh India must end measures inconsistent with its WTO rules, including the Agriculture Agreement and the SCM Agreement.

Should be brought in line with its obligations under

 38

oh India needs to provide production support, buffer stock and marketing and transportation schemes within 120 days.

Should withdraw its alleged CD under.

, Relevance

The method of organized gold trade that has been developed through financial trading organizations and its

, and only then can there be PeruWhen

are intended DTOs are linked to development problems and over-

Solid, good and long term for underdeveloped and developing countriescarpet work
ए and व for sequences

Transparent provisions should be made.

, If the relevance of financial trade organization is lost,So big countries like Japan, China and the European Union

g.
The country can do whatever it wants without any legal restrictions.

, Small countries resort to protectionism

C. In which income and business expansionThere will be a decrease.

, Therefore the finance trade organization isInitiative should be taken to improve,as well as,

Basic rules of trade for developing countriesWhich is in his domestic policiesI don't care. ,
, Although DTUO is unable to achieve its goalhave not been as successfulyet this one

Credit can be given for rule-based international trading. Therefore, the controversy of financial trading organization

Saving the settlement system should be a top priority for all Member States.

, That the aspirations of all members are cognizant keep

This is important itWe�inclusive, transparent

Your efforts for the dog should be continuous.

and development agencies

, by
Organizational structure and functions of finance trade organizationin the system votingBbased on opinion

decision
The provision of taking Yatra is very controversial and divides the member countries into two categories. divides

i.e. most developed countries in one group and developing countries as a group, Thus developed and

Since the interests of both the developing countries are different, both are aware of their own interests. follow the rules

Kannu wants, Therefore, there is a need that all the member countries of WTTO agree to

policy making So that there is no conflict of interests between developed and developing countries.
do it at night
 39

Q: About India and Britain Tell me?

Answer-

, What are BRICS?

, BRICS) are the world's leading emerging economies.brazil,India, China and South

is a synonym used for the group of Africa, which includes B-Brazil, R-Russia, I-India,

C-China and S-South Africa are related.

, in the early stages

South Africa was not a part of this group and it was a group of only 4 countries.

Waswhich brick)BRIC), it is noteworthy that the first BRIC summit was held in the year In 2009

i Was organized.

, South Africa in BRIC

In December 2010 Invited to join,

After which neither in South Africa nor in ChinaIn the third summit held in took part and group

Adopted the BRICS.

RecentlyHeld 11th Brib refers to SelenIndian Prime Minister for investment

Given
The question of finance to India the more favorable economy and more businessmen in India investments

requested to do.

11th
It is known thatcontrol� April Saleen of 2019Capital of Brazil on 13-14 November, 2019

in brazil Was organized.this year�topic of briar salen“Innovative Future”For the sake of

Economic
economy Growth for an Innovative FutureWas placed.

It is noteworthy that Bri is a group of total five Dashas.which worldAbout 50 percent of the economy K
The goals of life are alive.
 40

, 11th Bri Selene and India

, Priorities:

, In the field of science, technology and innovation strengthen cooperation

, Expanding cooperation on digital economy

, �Central Crime Free: Organized Crime, Money Londonc and d g tacooperation against fraud
interval

, tb
� development � a) Encouraging coordination between NDB and the British Trade Council

, During Saleen, Prime Minister Modi met Agal Bri Shikhar Saleen United Nations

It was suggested to identify the least vulnerable areas for the enterprise.

, Apart from this, the Indian Prime Minister held bilateral talks with representatives of Brazil, Russia and China. Too
of.

, India and Brazil:Among the representatives of India and Brazilbilateral talks On 13 November

And during this time the state of BrazilFather Jair Bonarno on Republic Day on January 26, 2020

Also accepted the invitation to visit India on the occasion. our bilateral talks both during

It was also agreed to comprehensively expand the strategic partnership between the countries.

, India and China:11th

Prime Minister Modi and the state on the occasion of Shikhar Saleen husband and wife

neither father nor motherSecond informal summit held

also bilateral talksof. states of china

India praised for Selenium and years in 2020 Third unofficial summit of Salen

Also invited the Indian Prime Minister to visit China. Apart from this, both the leaders

in 2020 70th year of establishment of diplomatic relations between India and China
preparations for the festival

Also reviewed.

, India and China:SThere were also talks between representatives of India and Russia during the lane. Of
Was organised. Air Both representatives met in September 2019. Prime Minister Modi's

Bilateral relations between the two countries have improved since Pradovlok's visit. Reviewed the progress.

Apart from this, in 2020 Trade at the regional level between the same provinces and Indian states
 41

Also decided to establish a bilateral trilateral forum to remove obstacles Took it.

Prime Minister Modi in 2020In the victory day celebrations ofState to participate father's

The invitation was also accepted.

, Briimportance of

, It is noteworthy that as a group 42 percent of the world's populationthe five main

Brings together emerging economies.

, yearAccording to 2018 data,The gross domestic product of these five countries in the world(GDP) in
About 23 percent and in finance business It is about 17 percent.

, Big conditions have a big contribution,which thisa system

In global development, trade and investment

It also forms an important part of

, in the financial economy

BR's growth contribution towards new initiativescreation of many opportunities� have borrowed

Which is sustainable and inclusive developmentmay prove helpful ,

, The Iran deal and America's withdrawal from the INF Treaty have posed a major threat to international peace.

In dispute resolution based on the principles of impartiality Ensuring financial peace by being active

i important
Can play a role.

, In fighting poverty at the global levelAlso an important part of Bri role not to be denied

Can.

, India and Britain�

, It is known that with its establishment neither India nor an importantand played an active role

To
India has always been an alternativeAith� promote development, peace and stabilityBriof

Have been giving importance to the stage.

 42

, a cobbler
economy But cooperation has always been at the core of India's policy towards BRICS. It is wet.

India aims to build bilateral relations with Latin American, African and Asian countries.

as a platform sees

, India is trying to resolve its age-old complex relations with China.of a platformP in

Also tried to use BRICS

, tb (a) In the establishment of NDBIndia is also importantHave played a role.

as well as development

ब्रीof India's food and energy� Addressing security issues and counter-terrorism

in combat important
is the role
 43

Q: According to you, in IndiaWhat is the usefulness of the European Union?

Answer-

, Fifth note of musical scaleCreation :

Policy Partnership Long term political and actionpolicy

European Union and India's work

The countries are expected to focus widely on trade and cultural aspects.thatof China

obstinate
Changing geopolitics due to uncertain US politics under the Trump and Trump administrations

With the passage of time, Europe and India have realized that get along well with each other

Something has to be done to realize this goal, the European UnionNewIn 2018 towards india

Have made our own strategy.

in new door Areas of cooperation have been expandedand between the European Union and India

A framework has been prepared to strengthen the strategic partnership. The aim of this framework is

Joint presentation to the meetings of India and the European Union, analysis and cooperation of this new strategy

To highlight the main points of

European Summit in November 2018Your new work towards India

Initiated the policy.In 2004

work
In the fourteen years since the signing of the Strategic Partnership This is its first taskpolicy

There are documents for this work. in indiaA fragrance to fuel the core interests of the European Union
in policy

The basis was provided and more importantly That trade and investment are sustainable

Sik , innovation, foreign policy etc. i European Union to expand opportunities in Indiaentry

The rest of the path has become simple.The height of this treeEuropean policy towards India

analysis,Meeting of key members of the partnershipHave to evaluate questions and answers.

, European Union and India'sbrief description of water

In 1962european economy
Among the first countries to establish diplomatic relations with the EU India

Was also included. In 1993With the formal establishment of the European Union (EU) in 1994, India One
Cooperation Agreement was signed and after this there were extensive political exchanges between the two
 44

on
The doors were opened. Eu-Bharat work strategic partnership in 2004Signed.2005 peak

in tolueneEU-India joint work plan acceptedin which� defined common goals

Gaya and political, economic

A and in areas of developmental cooperationVarious dimensions of cooperation affected

In 2008 Saleen It was reviewed which focused on four priorities:

and comprehensive security, sustainable development, research and technology and the cultural and cultural interests of the people.

The focus was on increasing the regulation of services.

It is India's largest regional trading partner while India in 2016 9th subs of yuu

Was a big business partner.In 2017-18 India's bilateral trade with Egypt76.90 billion

India's
Dollarwas in which� t30.35 billion dollarsAnd the birth of India�t46.55 billion
exports

DollarWas.

, European Union-India Partnership

European Union-India economic partnership is also one of the key outcomes of the meeting. S was one.Thein the voice

"Transparent, breathable , inclusive, sustainable, comprehensive, and rules-based approach”

Emphasis was laid on promotion. This Indo-European consortium invests in to

Permanent sidewalls and transparency ta

, jis roadmapin 2025Was also underlined.

Emphasis on promotion

European Union's 2018 strategy on India and its future in 2018 "Southern Europe and Asia:sales

Wow for a year issues issuedEuropean Union's strategyIn return Too

fast"head�

The Left has been identified as a potential area for cooperation between the two partners. Was done.

EU-India Left Party issued after summit meeting of leaders From documents on Narship

three things Salmon arrives,

First,sav�To emphasize on private partnership and investment and to encourage private investment. As such

TT,
Pro-investment, infrastructure and investment Green Bank Infrastructure Debt Fund, Real Estate Scheme ttt

and export In "permanent projects" through instruments such as credit encourage private investment

Alternative capital flows (sovereign wealth funds and (including pension funds)those who benefit from wealth

What has to be done?

 45

Second,Thewide ears in the door Four thematic areas of sustainability have been identified –The first one is

Digital - Consumer and Promote access to digital services with increased protection of personal data

Give; The second is transport - promoting better planning of regulatory framework, development of transport corridors

Security of Interconnection and Transportation, SmartAnd in sustainable mobility and port areasof joint investment

identifying opportunities

third,European Union and India and other countries andTransparency, inclusiveness and rules between sectors

In other countries and regions, Permanent shoulder blade. in the door

Three main points of cooperation -Africa, M� Asia and Indo-Pacific have been identified.

in the door
Supporter of the three-pronged efforts of the left wingHas not been done, especiallybay of bengal

K Sahayog (Bittech)capable of initiative�don't

Multi-tier technical and economic work together

to do.

, planning

Bilateral dealing with European countries as a collective unit for India with eey

It was simpler than that.Looking beyond Europe and the Atlantic for success in China� more
Indifference is visible.Due to the rise of Chinaअ uncertainties,S's strong decisions and

mocha by united nations

Because of the child, these leaders started looking at new perspectives towards India. eey

That this new policy will be beneficial for India's progressAith� On the macro, physical and institutional financial environmenthis

Impact of policies and complex geopolitical situation Are aware of its situation.

Through this policy, now the aim is to promote the progress of India and make India its equal.

Recognizing
in understanding one's own interests."The conflict between India and� Modernization Partnership

Also created employment for the country's people,development and investment goalsWho am I? Will be helpful and will grow with Eya.

की िनीत के अन�◌ुप यरूोप तथा िएशया के स्थायी स��◌ो को भी प्रो�ि◌ाहत करन म� Will be helpful.

"This policy towards India is also supported by the conclusions of the European Union Council on the subject t
donein which�Emphasis was placed on the role of Catholicism in which India and India together

can come i It has been said that "United Nations of India andAnd with financial trade organizations
, conclusion
 46

Honesty is the guardian of Catholicism.UN, G-20, WTO and other bilateral organizations

The EU will engage with India to address common challenges and global issues.

,
conclusion

this work
in policy
in indiaTo advance the core interests of the European Uniona sweet base

Provided and more importantly that thistrade and investment,traditional culture ,

innovation, foreign policywith etc.भीi European Union to expand opportunities in Indiaof entry

The rest of the path has become simple.