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What Is A Resolver

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16 views3 pages

What Is A Resolver

Uploaded by

Roger Vicente
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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What Is A Resolver?

What Is A Resolver?

When discussing RESOLVERS, people often interchange terms such a


rotary position sensors, motion feedback sensors, and transducer sens
occasion, synchros (cousin to the resolver) are also mentioned when e
devices of this nature. Regardless of the names people choose to desc
their role in the world of automation remains unparalleled.

Referenced as an analog sensor that is


absolute over a single turn, the resolver
was originally developed for military
applications and has benefited from more
than 50 years of continuous use and
development. It was not long before
numerous industrial segments recognized
the benefits of this rotary position sensor,
engineered to withstand the punishment of
a military application. Product packaging
plants and stamping press lines are perfect
examples of where you might find resolver based systems at work. In
applications, the resolver sensor feeds rotary position data to a decod
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) that interprets this information a
commands based on the machines' position.
Recent advances in technology have enabled
the integration of a resolver and on-board
electronics in one housing as an alternative to
other types of encoders. Referred to as
DuraCoders, these motion sensing devices
are available with the following output types;
Absolute Parallel, Incremental Digital, Analog
Current, Analog Voltage, and DeviceNet. The
Absolute Parallel and Incremental Digital
versions can also be ordered with a field
programmable option. Using simple onboard
switches, technicians and engineers can
easily select the unique resolution required
by the application, thereby reducing the
number of units that must be stocked.

Through the evolution of machine


development, builders and system integrators alike, agree that the ‘resolver’
transducer is unsurpassed in its ability to reliably supply rotary position data in the
harshest industrial environments.

RESOLVER CONTROL TRANSMITTER

A resolver is a rotary transformer where the


magnitude of the energy through the resolver
windings varies sinusoidally as the shaft rotates. A
resolver control transmitter has one primary
winding, the Reference Winding, and two
secondary windings, the SIN and COS Windings.
(See figure 1.1, Resolver Cross Section). The
Reference Winding is located in the rotor of the
resolver, the SIN and COS Windings in the stator.
The SIN and COS Windings are mechanically
Figure 1.1 Typical Brushless Resolver
displaced 90 degrees from each other. In a Cross Section
brushless resolver, energy is supplied to the
Reference Winding (rotor) through a rotary transformer. This eliminates brushes and
slip rings in the resolver and the reliability problems associated with them.

In general, in a control transmitter,


the Reference Winding is excited
by an AC voltage called the
Reference Voltage (Vr). (See
figure 1.2, Resolver Schematic).
The induced voltages in the SIN
and COS Windings are equal to the
value of the Reference Voltage
multiplied by the SIN or COS of the
angle of the input shaft from a
fixed zero point. Thus, the resolver
provides two voltages whose ratio
Figure 1.2 Brushless Resolver Control represents the absolute position of
Transmitter Schematic the input shaft. (SIN θ / COS θ =
TAN θ, where θ = shaft angle.) Because the ratio of the SIN and COS voltages is
considered, any changes in the resolvers’ characteristics, such as those caused by
aging or a change in temperature, are ignored. An additional advantage of this SIN /
COS ratio is that the shaft angle is absolute. Even if the shaft is rotated with power
removed, the resolver will report its new position value when power is restored.
RESOLVER CONTROL TRANSFORMER

A resolver control
transformer has two
input stator windings, the
SIN and COS windings
and one rotor output
winding. (See figure
1.3) The rotor output is
proportional to the sine
of the angular difference
between the electrical
input angle of the inputs
and the mechanical
Figure 1.3 Brushless Resolver Control Transformer Schematic
angular position of its
shaft...in other words, the voltage induced into the rotor is proportional to sin( ),
where is measured from some reference shaft position called zero.

Figure 1.4 shows what might be called the "classic" resolver mechanical follow-up
servomechanism. The command angle is established by the shaft position of the
control transmitter. When the servomotor has reached the commanded position,
the control transformers output is zero and the motor stops. Although the
above description is oversimplified, it is useful in describing a control transformer.

Figure 1.4 Typical Electromechanical Follow-up Servo

Both control transmitters and control transformers are unidirectional devices i.e.
Control transmitters manufacturers specifications are only valid when the electrical
input is the rotor, and control transformers specifications are only valid when the
electrical inputs are the stator. Although both can be used "backwards", performance
cannot be guaranteed.
What does it all mean (to you)?

When an encoder application exists in a hot, humid, dusty, oily, or mechanically


demanding environment, the resolver-based system is the preferred choice. Ultra
reliability, coupled with proven performance support the bulletproof reputation this
rotary position sensing device has earned.

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