Implementing High Availability in a Campus Environment
Configuring Layer 3 Redundancy with HSRP
Routing Issues: Using Default Gateways
Routing Issues: Using Proxy ARP
Router Redundancy
Router Redundancy (Cont.)
HSRP
Standby group: The set of routers participating in HSRP that jointly
emulate a virtual router
The Active Router
The active router responds to ARP requests with the MAC address
of the virtual router.
The Virtual Router MAC Address
The Standby Router
The standby router listens for periodic hello messages on 224.0.0.2.
Active and Standby Router Interaction
HSRP States
An HSRP router can be in one of six different states:
• Initial
• Learn
• Listen
• Speak
• Standby
• Active
HSRP State Transition
HSRP Standby Group 1
Router A Router B
Priority Priority
100 50
Initial Initial
Listen Listen
Router A does not
hear any higher
priority than itself, Speak Speak
so promotes itself Router B hears that
to standby. router A has a
Standby Listen higher priority, so
router B returns to
Router A does not
the listen state.
hear an active Active Speak
router, so promotes
itself to active.
Standby
HSRP Standby State
A router in the standby state:
• Is a candidate for active router
• Sends hello messages
• Knows the virtual router IP address
HSRP Active State
A router in the active state:
• Assumes the active forwarding of packets for the virtual router
• Sends hello messages
• Knows the virtual router IP address
HSRP Configuration Commands
Configure
• standby 1 ip 10.1.1.1
Verify
• show running-config
• show standby
Configuring an HSRP Standby Interface
Enabling HSRP on a Cisco router interface automatically
disables ICMP redirects.
Displaying the Standby Brief Status
Switch#show standby brief
P indicates configured to preempt.
|
Interface Grp Prio P State Active addr Standby addr Group addr
Vl11 11 110 Active local 172.16.11.114 172.16.11.115
HSRP Priority and Preemption
Switch(config)# interface vlan 10
Switch(config-if)# ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
Switch(config-if)# standby 10 ip 10.1.1.1
Switch(config-if)# standby 10 priority 110
Switch(config-if)# standby 10 preempt
HSRP Timer Configuration
Switch(config)# interface vlan 10
Switch(config-if)# ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
Switch(config-if)# standby 10 ip 10.1.1.1
Switch(config-if)# standby 10 priority 110
Switch(config-if)# standby 10 preempt
Switch(config-if)# standby 10 timers msec 200 msec 750
Switch(config-if)# standby 10 preempt delay minimum 300
HSRP Authentication
Switch(config)# interface vlan 10
Switch(config-if)# ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
Switch(config-if)# standby 10 ip 10.1.1.1
Switch(config-if)# standby 10 priority 110
Switch(config-if)# standby 10 preempt
Switch(config-if)# standby 10 authentication xyz123
HSRP Versions
HSRP Interface Tracking
HSRP Interface Tracking
Tracking Options
HSRP and IP SLA Tracking
Multiple HSRP Groups
Multiple HSRP Group Configuration
Monitoring HSRP
Implementing High Availability in a Campus Environment
Configuring Layer 3 Redundancy with VRRP
VRRP
VRRP
VRRP offers these redundancy features:
• VRRP provides redundancy for the real IP address of a router
or for a virtual IP address shared among the VRRP group
members.
• If a real IP address is used, the router with that address
becomes the master. If a virtual IP address is used, the
master is the router with the highest priority.
• A VRRP group has one master router and one or more
backup routers. The master router uses VRRP messages to
inform group members that it is the master.
• IETF 1998 – 2005, RFC 3768.
• Can track object only.
• Uses 224.0.0.18.
VRRP Operational Process
VRRP Timers
The dynamic failover, when the active (master)
becomes unavailable, uses three timers within VRRP:
the advertisement interval, the master down interval,
and the skew time.
• The advertisement interval is the time interval between
advertisements (in seconds). The default interval is 1 second.
• The master down interval is the time interval for backup to
declare the master down (in seconds). The default is 3 x
advertisement interval + skew time.
• The skew time (256 – priority / 256) ms, ensures that the
backup router with the highest priority becomes the new
master.
Configuring VRRP on an Interface
Enable VRRP on an interface and display the configuration.
