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Livelihoodsand Tourismin Netarhat Jharkhand AGeographical Analysis

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Livelihoods and Tourism in Netarhat, Jharkhand: A Geographical Analysis

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Ali Ershad et al., IJSRR 2018, 7(4), 2668-2682

Research article Available online www.ijsrr.org ISSN: 2279–0543

International Journal of Scientific Research and Reviews


Livelihoods and Tourism in Netarhat, Jharkhand: A Geographical
Analysis

Ali Ershad1* and Manas Paul2


1
Department of Geography, Ananda Chandra College, Jalpaiguri
2
Department of Geography, Ananda Chandra College, Jalpaiguri
Email: *[email protected], [email protected]

ABSTRACT:
Netarhat, one of the famous tourist destinations in Jharkhand has been inhabited by many
indigenous tribal populations. The quality of living in this tribal dominated region is still primitive in
nature. Like the other tourist destinations in India, the livelihood of the residents of Netarhat is
slowly changing. Though, modernization has started to affect their employment and income but it is
not comparable to national or state level. The region has been suffering from poverty since distant
past. Low level of literacy, agro-based economy, low income opportunities are responsible for their
poor living condition. So, the main focus of this paper is to present a glimpse of livelihood
conditions of Netarhat. About 25% of the families of the entire area have been randomly surveyed
through personal interview and focus group discussions. The result which has come out from this
survey is truly amazing such as the large concentration of dependent population, high rate of
illiteracy, the dominance of primary activities a gro-based economy (subsistence agriculture) with
low returns, poor housing condition and almost no household has any toilet facility. Therefore, it is
necessary to bring them back to the main stream of modernization by making suitable measures
otherwise they will gradually be deprived of different developmental and societal aspects. Therefore,
this paper is being discussed about the livelihood characteristics of Netarhat.
KEYWORDS: Demography, Livelihood, Common Property Resource (CPR), Wasteland,
Subsistence Agriculture.

*Corresponding Author:
Ershad Ali
Guest Lecturer,
Department of Geography,
Ananda Chandra College, Jalpaiguri-735101,
West Bengal, India.
Email: [email protected]
Mobile: +91 8967252423

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1. INTRODUCTION:
Jharkhand, at the time of its formation, lagged behind the all India average in many of the key
development indicators such as the economy, productivity, livelihood status etc. Afterward, it has
made an impressive progress from the birth of the state i.e. 15th November 2000. However, different
development programme have been reducing the gap but it still persists 1. Netarhat is a popular hill
station tourist place in Latehar district of the state of Jharkhand popularly referred to as the
“Chotonagpur ki Rani” (Queen of Chotonagpur). Due to the advantage of elevation accompanied by
temperate climate, Netarhat is developed as one of the leading fruit grown area in the state,
especially in pear cultivation. Netarhat has the total population of 1497, of which 789 are males and
708 are females out of 266 households 2.
A livelihood comprises the capabilities, assets and activities required for a means of living 3.
Thus, the livelihood status is often discussed in a broad term as the satisfaction of human needs such
as Drinking water, health, occupation and income, schooling etc 4. Therefore it is needed to increase
the facilities, safety and security and other important infrastructure regarding the socio-economic
activities in any community. Though the livelihood status is mainly primary activity based, Netarhat
is designated as remarkable tourists spot under different tourism category of the state. According to
the draft tourism policy 2014, it is a famous tourist spot. But, it becomes a place of politically
turmoil and thus, it needs serious effort to improve from such of its current state 5. The study area is
the homeland of many tribal populations and they are detached from many of the public facilities.
Therefore, it is now the a crucial condition to develop with an improvement in living standards for
the tribal population in which most of the population can participate in the process of socio-
economic development 6. So, the livelihood development has emerged as a central component of any
clan as well as tribes. The present paper is focused to illustrate the livelihoods snapshot of the study
area.
2. OBJECTIVES:
The objective of the present study includes:
 To study the livelihoods including habitat, economy and the society of the inhabitants at
Netarhat.
 To examine the degree of influence of tourism.

3. STUDY AREA:
Netarhat is a small village located under the jurisdiction of C.D block of Mahuadanr in
Latehar district in the state of Jharkhand. It is situated at an elevation of 1,071 meters (3,514 ft) in the
western part of the state. The socio-economic survey has been conducted at two different localities of

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Netarhat village namely Paseripat (23°29’25.2”N, 84°15’16.8”E) and Mohanapat (23°28’46.7”N,


84°15’17.5”E).

Figure 1: Location Map of the Study area

4. MATERIALS & METHODS:


The household survey was conducted at the locality of Paseripat and Mohanapat of Netarhat
village taken 67 households out of 266 households which is about 25% of the total household. The
study has been conducted by collecting primary data using closed-ended structured questionnaire,
open-ended questionnaire, and focus group discussion in the study area. For carrying out survey to
get quantitative data, scheduled questionnaire was prepared. The tabulated data has been analyzed by
using simple statistical methods. Discussions with elderly person, members of local Panchayat help
in qualitative evaluation of the problems and future potentiality.
5. RESULTS & DISCUSSION:
The study on livelihood characteristics actually helps to understand the social, cultural,
demographic and economic status of a particular region with its future prospects. The term livelihood
characteristics refers to different conditions such as food habit, housing characteristic, demographic
structure, lifestyle, religious status, amenities of life, education, marriage, apparel status, occupation
etc of a distinguished settlement 4. The following livelihood characteristics are noticed in Netarhat
village:

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5.1. Demography:
Demographic characteristics of Paseripat and Mohanapat have been revealed after the
analysis of surveyed data of 67 households of this locality. Table 1 shows the total 50.12% are male
and 49.88% are female in this study area with a negative sex ratio of 1000: 995 which shows a quite
positive situation with respect to sex composition in Indian rural localities. In the case of family
composition, there are 79.1% households live in the joint family system, whereas 19.3% are of
nuclear type family and 22.3% households have family members more than 10. It was noticed that
Jharkhand state has always been a region of tribal concentration where the tribal population was
sharing at around 36% of the total population of the state in the early 1950s, and around 27% by the
beginning of the 1990s 7. The same scenario is reflecting in Netarhat where most of the households
belong to ST category (94.3%) followed by SC (5.7%) category [figure: 2(a)]. In the study area, they
speak in different tribal languages to communicate in their daily life such as Sadri (29.8%) followed
by Oraon (23.9%), Santhali (13.4%), Briziya (9%), Kurukh (9%) etc. and only 14.9% of inhabitants
of the locality prefer to speak in Hindi.
Table 1: Demographic Characteristics of the study area
% of
Variables No. of Household
Household Age- Sex Male Female
Male 200 50.12 structure (Years)
Gender
Female 199 49.88 No. % No. %
Male 1000 <10 34 8.52 36 9.02
Sex Ratio
Female 995 11-20 50 12.53 61 15.29
ST 63 94.03 21-30 43 10.78 32 8.02
Caste
SC 4 5.97 31-40 18 4.51 31 7.77
Sadri 20 29.8 41-50 24 6.02 11 2.76
Oraon 16 23.9 51-60 10 2.51 15 3.77
Language Hindi 10 14.9 >60 21 5.26 13 3.26
Santhali 9 13.4
Briziya 6 9.0
Source: Compiled from the field survey
The age-sex pyramid [figure: 2(b)] of the study area shows almost similar characteristics of
any developing country. About 8.5% of total populations are in the age group of below 10 years and
5.26% are in the old age group with above 60 years indicating the large concentration of dependent
population. The age group of 11-30 years is composing 23.31% of the total population. It indicates
the possibility of population explosion in near future.
5.2. Education:
Education is one of the main indicators of the development of human civilization. Education
is considered to be the core key of a society which helps to learn or acquisition of knowledge, skills,
and habits. It carries the content of human being also. Development of a region depends on the rate
of literacy and quality of education of the population 8. The table 2 shows that educational status of
the localities is poor. The literacy rate is quite below the national literacy rate of 74.04% in 2011.

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Only 62.2% inhabitants are literate here and most of the educated persons are the first generation
learner while the literacy rate of Jharkhand is 67%, a remarkable improvement from 54% 9. The
percentage of literacy rate of male is 69% and for the female, it is 10% lower than male [figure:
3(a)]. The pattern of distribution of educational levels shows that 40.3% of them have completed
their education at primary level followed by 33.46% in secondary level. Only 11.2% of the
inhabitants attain higher education and 2.7% to the postgraduate level [figure: 3(b)]. Although a good
number of educational institutions are being run in the State but the rural area still remains deprived
of even primary education. Not only lack of teachers but also there is a serious lack of motivational
force to read & write 10. Though Netarhat is famous for its top Residential school, it could not fulfill
the demand of local inhabitants. For higher education, the learners of the area have to go to Latehar,
Lohardaga, and Ranchi. About 78% of households are responded about the poor education facilities.
Table 2: Educational status of the study area
Levels Male % Female % Literacy Status Male Female Total
248
Primary 54 21.8 46 18.5 Literate 130 (69%) 118 (59.3%)
(62.2%)
Secondary 39 15.7 44 17.7 Male Female Total
Higher Illiterate 151
12 4.8 07 2.8 70 (31%) 81 (40.7%)
Secondary (37.8%)
Graduate 13 5.2 15 6.0
Post
05 2.0 02 0.7
Graduate
Others 07 2.8 04 1.6
Source: Compiled from the field survey

5.3. Economy:
According to District census handbook 2011, Netarhat has a comparatively stable economic
condition mainly primary in nature such as cultivators, agricultural labours, household industries etc.
The inhabitants of Paseripat and Mohanapat are engaged in a variety of economic activities found
mainly in the surrounding area. In the primary sector like cultivators, agricultural labours and related
activities, about 73% of people are engaged followed by 27% in secondary activities [figure: 4(a)].
The higher engagement in primary activities results in poor household condition with average
monthly income in between Rs. 4500-6000. About 58.3% households have the monthly income less
than Rs. 5000 and only 5.95% households have monthly income greater than Rs. 20000. It has been
noticed that higher the family member, greater the income in the study area. Table 3 shows it clearly
and this is because every member of the family is associated with farming and joint farming system
increases their income. Apart from this, the per capita wages is very low in the surveyed area.
Majority of workers earn monthly income in the range between Rs. 2000-4000 [figure: 4(c)]. Only
4.2 % of workers have per capita income greater than Rs. 12000 per month. This suggests that the
locality belongs to a low-income region of Latehar district as well as Jharkhand. Agricultural and
related activities are the major source of income of the inhabitants. Though, the production of Rice

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and Pulse are significantly increased in Jharkhand but the production of Wheat and Maize are
11
declined sharply over the past few years . In the study area, Paddy and corn are the two major
agricultural products which are produced at a rate of 67.2% and 50.7% household respectively,
followed by vegetables (14.9%), wheat (10.4%) and millet (8.9%). Irrigation facility is almost not
available here, so prolonged period without rainfall or drought-like condition harms the agriculture
and the local economy.
As Netarhat is a tourist spot, it is found that about 6.8% inhabitants are engaged in tourism
based activities but these activities are mostly seasonal in nature depending on peak tourist flows
12
during October to February in Netarhat . The potentiality of the tourism based activities not only
increases foreign and domestic income but also it creates employment opportunities, stimulates the
growth of the tourism industry as well as triggers overall economic growth 13.
Table 3: Occupations and Income Structure of the study area
No. of
Variables % No. of % of
Participants Variables
Household Household
Cultivation 86 58.11
Agricultural Less than 2000 9 13.4
22 14.86
Labour 2000-4000 38 56.7
Handicraft 8 5.41 Per 4000-6000 10 14.9
Occupations
Manufacturing 16 10.81 capita 6000-8000 4 6.0
Business 7 4.73 Wages 8000-10000 1 1.5
Transport 6 4.05 10000-12000 3 4.5
Hotel 3 2.03 Above 12000 2 3.0
Work Male 113 76.35 Paddy 45 67.2
Participation Female 35 23.65 Corn 34 50.7
Less than 5000 39 58.3 Major Wheat 7 10.4
Monthly
5000-10000 16 23.8 Crops Millet 6 8.9
family
10000-15000 5 7.5 Vegetables 10 14.9
Incomes (in
15000-20000 3 4.5 Fruits 4 6.0
Rs.)
Above 20000 4 5.9
Livestock Cow 53 79.1
Farming
Pig 16 23.0
Goat 24 35.8
Hen 17 25.4
Source: Compiled from the field survey

5.4. Housing Characteristics:


The localities of Paseripat and Mohanapat have a quite uniform type of settlement. The
unplanned arrangement of poor and very poor class families with narrow lanes is noticed at the first
sight of localities. Generally, the houses are semi pucca and mud built with just one bricked house
under survey. All of the houses are of one story out of 67 households surveyed, of which 32 have
semi pucca and 35 have mud, stone and bamboo made houses. In semi pucca houses, floor is mainly
made of mud. Tiles are widely used as roof material (94%). Strikingly, there are 68.7% of such
houses made of the mud wall. Most of the families have double-room houses (34.2%) and about

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17.6% of houses have more than 5 rooms due to their large family size. But, 94% of the households
have no toilet facility and separate kitchen in the premises too. The individual household latrine
program, a component of Swaccha Bharat Mission (SWM), has therefore faced several roadblocks
11
and most of them are still prefer open field for a milieu of reasons . Jharkhand Government is
committed to ensuring that by the year of 2019, there will be 100% electrified household but up to
2018, it achieved only 57%, up from 47% in the past two years 1. In the case of Netarhat, table 4
shows that there are 44.8% of households have electricity connection and only 26.9% of households
have LPG connection with subsidy facility. Due to the abundance of natural vegetation and low
population density, about 88% of households rely on fuel wood which is collect from nearby forest
and village land as common property resource (CPR) and sometimes buy from the local market.
Table 4: Housing Characteristics of the study area

Variables % of Variables No. of % of


No. of family
Family family Family
Mud 34 Availability of Yes 18 26.9
Nature of 50.7
LPG
house Semi Pucca 32 47.8 No 49 73.1
Pucca 1 1.5 High rate 7 10.45
Asbestos 4 6.0 Risk 6 8.96
Reason for not
Roof Availability
using LPG
Materials Tiles 63 94.0 of Fuel 36 53.73
wood
Wall Brick 21 31.3 Yes 30 44.78
Electricity
Materials Mud 46 68.7 No 37 55.22
Mud 65 97.0 Toilet & Yes 4 5.97
Floor separate
Concrete 2 3.0 No 63 94.03
kitchen
Forest 48 71.6
Source of
Fuel Village Tree 7 10.4
wood
Market 4 6.0
Source: Compiled from the field survey

5.5. Food Habit & Health:


Clean and safe drinking water and availability of sanitation are the fundamental rights of
every citizen globally. The situation of public health is maintained by the facility of drinking water,
waste disposal, sewerage system which is again guided by local authority and customs. The
inhabitants of Netarhat collect their drinking water of essential necessity from tap (85%), followed
by tube well and earth well [figure: 6(a)]. Only 6% of households have their own drinking water
facility, others are dependent on the community tap. But the surprise is that the quality of water is
satisfactory, only 29.9% of families use any kind of water purifying system. In the case of waste
disposal, the management system is very unorganized or poor type. Inhabitants of these localities use
personal dumping ground or left the garbage in the nearby wasteland.

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The people of Netarhat have no excuse about their delicacy. They are especially vegetarian.
They prefer to eat pork in different occasions and ritual ceremonies which are their pet pigs. In spite
14
of a good income, they sustain their old eating habits and also use old cooking methods . Thus,
some nutritional improvement is required in their diet system. Table 5 expresses that Wheat (87%)
and Rice (13%) are the main staple food in their daily menu. About 86.6% of households are
dependent on Govt. hospital for medical treatment. But there is a lack of medical personnel and poor
medicine supply is noticed in the health center and hospital. Health problems of any community are
influenced by various factors including social, economic and political etc. and there is a proverb in
circulation that the health status of the tribal people is very poor because of their isolation,
15
remoteness and being largely unaffected by developmental processes . Tribal dominant Netarhat
has no exception in the same case. They are not well aware of their health and hygiene. As a result,
the emergence of various insects driven diseases such as Malaria (50.57%), fever (68.81%), skin
related diseases, gastro enteric diseases are the major threat to the inhabitants in the study area.
Table 5: Food habits and Health of the study area
Variables No. of % of Variables No. of % of
families family families family
Community
57 85.0 Wheat 58 87.0
Source of Tube well Staple Food
Drinking Tube well 4 6.0 Rice 9 13.0
Water Well 2 3.0 Allopathic 25 37.3
Mode of
Stream 4 6.0 Homeopathic 19 28.36
Treatment
Water Yes 6 8.9 Ayurbedic 23 34.33
Treatment No 61 91.1 Malaria 34 50.57
Boiling 15 22.4 Major Fever 26 38.81
Water
Filter 4 6.0 Diseases Skin 2 2.99
purification
Aqua guard 1 1.5 Others 5 7.46
system used
None 47 70.1
Place of Personal 26 38.9
waste Wasteland 12 17.9
disposal Anywhere 29 43.2
Source: Source: Compiled from the field survey
5.6. Livelihood Characteristics:
In the study area, own community marriage is often very common among them. About 85.1%
of families get their marriage in their own community but 14.9% families get their marriage in others
community. The age of marriage for both male and female is same with respect to the country’s
constitutional law. In most of the cases, it was observed that the age of marriage lies in between 19-
26 years for both male and female. Dowry system is almost not prevailing in this village (table: 6).
56.7% of households have following public media such as T.V (19.4%), Radio (11.9%) and use of
the Internet (25.4%) but 43.3% households do not access [figure: 7] any public media. Motorcycle
(14.81%), refrigerator, DTH facility are very uncommon in this village. However, bicycle (68.7%) is
the main companion of daily transport in the study area.

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Table 6: Livelihood Characteristics of the study area


Variables No. of household % of household
Own community 57 85.1
Marriage
Others community 10 14.9
Yes 13 19.4
Dowry System
No 54 80.6
Bi-cycle 46 68.7
Transportation
Motor cycle 21 31.3
Television 13 19.4
Radio 8 11.9
Amenities
Users of Internet 17 25.4
No Access 29 43.3
Source: Source: Compiled from the field survey
Their main ritual ceremonies in Netarhat are Swarna puja, Diwali, Holi, Dushera and
16
different folk dances include Paika, Karma, Nachni, Natua, Agni, Santhal, Sohrai, etc . However,
modernization has been affecting their daily routine, culture and occupations. Therefore, their culture
and occupations are now changing due to the effect of modernization and have also influenced their
clothing section recently. At present, they have been adapted themselves to western dresses like
trousers and shirts gradually to keep pace with the advanced civilization.
6. TOURISM IN NETARHAT:
Netarhat is one of the famous tourist destinations in Jharkhand. It is famous for its glorious
sunrise and sunsets during summer months. The main places of tourist attraction in Netarhat are
Magnolia Point, Upper and Lower Gaghri Falls, Sadni Falls, Lodh Falls, Netarhat hills, Pine forest,
17
Koyel View Point . Though majority of the working population are engaged in agriculture based
economic activities (72.97%) in Netarhat but there are 6.08% inhabitants engaged in tourism based
activities also (table 3). Engagement of local inhabitants in tourism sector of Netarhat is quite
promising for the development of the region, although some outsiders are also employed in this
tourism industry.Almost86% of the tourist of Netarhat is mainly domestic and they are come from
West Bengal, Bihar, Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh and Jharkhand itself. Netarhat shares 6.9% of
domestic tourists from same state and same district and 3.68% of domestic tourists from same state
12
but outside district in terms of tourism industry across the state . The main season for tourism in
this area is winter but tourists gather to see the waterfalls also in the rainy season. The main obstacle
of tourism is that there is no local transport facility. Tourists have to rent a bus, car, gypsy from
outside. As a result, the tourism market here has not been able to develop properly which is affecting
the economy. There is considerable lack of hotel and restaurant for tourists to stay. Besides, there is
almost no public toilet. Although, the number of tourists is increasing day by day, this is desirable in
this region. So there is possibility of improvement in tourism industry in Netarhat in future

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7. PROBLEMS OF THE STUDY AREA:


The overall perception of some civic amenities (table: 7) and problems have been detected in
the survey village. The following are the major problems identified as follows:
 The transport network is very poor. Accessibility in terms of transport vehicle is also very
less. Roads are very narrow to ply.
 As majority of inhabitants are involved in primary activities, so the unemployment problem
is increasing gradually.
 About 38% of the people in the study area are illiterate, which has become the main obstacle
to regional development.
 There are lacks of the primary health center. The medicinal supply is also very poor in
hospitals and health centers.
 Most of the peoples are not aware of their constitutional rights and opportunities.
Table 7: Perception of Civic Amenities in the Study area
Types of Response (% of family) Types of Response (% of family)
Problems Good Moderate Bad Problems Good Moderate Bad
Education 8 38 21 Waste 2 33 32
Health 0 56 11 Roads 14 30 23
Electricity 4 30 33 Sanitation 4 15 48
Drinking water 7 38 22 Transportation 5 27 35
Price 2 50 15 Entertainment 2 38 27
Source: Source: Compiled from the field survey
8. SOME SUGGESTIVE MEASURES:
The area is confined to various socio-economic obstacles and hence it is deprived of many
opportunities. Therefore, the overall development of the region is not possible without the help of
Government and various organizations. The following proposals can attempt to improve their current
status:
 Improvement in the tourism sector is needed with the improvement of transport networks
(main key for the development of any community), hotel development and proper marketing
for the scenic beauty of the Queen of Chotonagpur Plateau.
 Since most of the population in the study area is mainly dependent on agricultural activities,
there is enormous scope to improve the land use of the study area by plantation and orchard
development especially oranges, pear, flower etc.
 Refined water from natural waterfalls should be arranged from nearest point to provide pure
drinking water facility.
 Efforts should be made to make them literate with improving educational facility.

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 Jharkhand Govt. must be taken careful attention in an account to Policies implementation


towards the understanding of the tribal communal system and the developments for the
benefit of the tribes 18.
 The prevalence and effect of the diseases on the affected people decreases their working days
which reduces their income and breaks the standard of living. So there is a need for a primary
health center with active and experienced staffs.
 In such a low monthly income, it is very difficult to maintain their standard of living. The
condition is worse when a natural phenomenon such as the emergence of drought occurs. So
there is a need to secure their professions.
 An immediate measure should be taken to develop the civic facilities and beautification with
cleanliness for future tourism and its related industrial development. The changing economy
and social development by increasing income and employment should be the principal point
because of the dramatic growth of the tourism industry over the last three decades 19.
9. CONCLUSION:
In the study area, it is noticed that some of the livelihood characteristics are tourism based
and some of the characteristics are stagnant since a long past. The low monthly income and low per
capita wages are one of the indicators o flow level of economy of the study area. The mud wall and
floor with tiled roof witnessed their nature-based lifestyle. The problems such as sanitation, poor
medical facilities, lack of education, waste disposal, and unemployment have turned the area
backward. Though Netarhat is famous for its Netarhat Residential School but apart from this, there is
a lack of educational institutions in the surrounding area. The pattern of agriculture is subsistence in
nature due to rugged terrain and very poor soil condition devoid of any irrigation. So it is obvious
that other primary activities are not possible except tourism industry which helps to sustain their
livelihood but it demands huge investment by the local authorities of Netarhat. As Netarhat is proud
of Jharkhand, it is now essential to preserve the prestige and honour of the place. Modernization has
now affected their lifestyle and customs in recent days. Therefore, it has become very essential to
bring them back to the mainstream of civilization. Lastly, it is suggested that development of
sustainable tourism with the involvement of local peoples, forest-based economic activities, an
infrastructural development mainly trade and transport, electricity, and drinking water help to bring
smile on the faces of the natives. Netarhat is also culturally very rich and if the right packaging will
be provided by the state, it can be an attractive cultural tourist spot and in addition, the tribals can be
more dignified if the tradition and livelihoods of them narrated by themselves with the help of local
20
authorities of such region . To accomplish this purpose, both the Government and Non-

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Government Organizations (NGOs) should play the leading role to bring up Netarhat in harmony of
development.
REFERENCES:
1. Govt. of Jharkhand, “Jharkhand Vision & Action Plan 2021”, Department of Planning cum
Finance, Comprehensive Document. 2018; 1: 17-19.
2. Census of India, “District Census Handbook Latehar”, Directorate of Census Operations
Jharkhand. 2011; 21 (Xii-B): 76.
3. Department for International Development (DFID), “DFID Sustainable Livelihoods
Guidance Sheets”, October 2001, London.
4. Ali E, & Basak A, “Socio Economic Condition of Oraon Tribe in Garal Bari Gram
Panchayat of Jalpaiguri District”, West Bengal, International Journal of Research and
Analytical Reviews. 2018; 5 (2): 2137-2146.
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Appendix I

List of Figures

100 94.03 >60


51-60
% of Household

80
41-50 Female %
60 Male %
31-40
40 21-30
5.97
20 .11-20
0 <10
ST SC S
T -20 -10 0 10 20
% of Population
2(a) 2(b)
Figure 2: Caste Composition 2(a) & Age-Sex Structure 2(b) of the Study Area

IJSRR, 7(4) Oct. – Dec., 2018 Page 2680


Ali Ershad et al., IJSRR 2018, 7(4), 2668-2682

25 21.8
100%
90% % of Male
20
18.5 15.7 17.7

% of Literate
80% % of Female
118
% of Population

70% 81 15
60%
Female 10
50% 4.8 5.2 6
40% Male 5 2.8 2 2.8 1.6
30% 0.7
130 70 0
20%
10%
0%
Literate Iliterate

3(a) 3(b)
Figure 3: Literacy Status 3(a) & Level of Literacy 3 (b)

70 58.11
60
% of Household

50 Female
40 23.65
30 %
20 14.86 10.81 76.35
10 5.41 4.73 4.05 2.03 %

0
Male

4(a) 4(b)
Figure 4: Occupational Structure 4(a) & Work Participation 4(b)

70
58.3
60 100
% of Household

50 79.1
% of Household

80
40
30 23.8 60
35.8
20 40 25.4
7.5 23
10 4.5 5.9
20
0
<5000 5000-10000 10000-15000 15000-20000 >20000 0
Cow Pig Goat Hen

4(c) 4(d)
Figure 4: Monthly Family Income 4(c) & Livestock Farming 4(d)

60
50.7 47.8
% of Household

50 80 71.6
40 60
Household
% of

30
40
20
10 20 10.4 6
1.5
0 0
Mud Semi Pucca Pucca Forest Village Market
Tree

5(a) 5(b)
Figure 5: Nature of Houses 5(a) & Source of Fuel Wood 5(b)

IJSRR, 7(4) Oct. – Dec., 2018 Page 2681


Ali Ershad et al., IJSRR 2018, 7(4), 2668-2682

85 60
90 50.57
80 50

% of Household
% of Household

70 38.81
60
40
50 30
40
30 20
20 7.46
6 6
10 2.99
10 3
0 0
Community Tube well Well Stream Malaria Fever Skin Others
Tube well

6(a) 6(b)
Figure 6: Source of Drinking Water 6(a) & Major Diseases 6(b)

50 43.3
% of Household

40
30 25.4
19.4
20 11.9
10
0
Television Radio Users of Internet No Access
Figure 7: Basic Amenities Available

80
70
% of Household

60 11 15
21 22 23 27
50 33 32 35
40 48
Bad
30 38 56 50 30 Moderate
38
20 30 33 27 38 Good
10 15
8 7 14
0 0 4 2 2 4 5 2

Figure 8: Perception of Civic Amenities

IJSRR, 7(4) Oct. – Dec., 2018 Page 2682

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