{\rtf \ansi \ansicpg1252 \deff0 \stshfdbch2 \stshfloch0 \stshfhich0 \deflang1033 \

deflangfe1033 {\fonttbl {\f0 \froman \fcharset0 \fprq2 {\*\panose

02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f2 \fnil \
fcharset134 \fprq0 {\*\panose 02010600030101010101}SimSun{\*\falt SimSun};}{\f3 \
fnil \fcharset2 \fprq0 {\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Wingdings{\*\falt
Wingdings};}{\f4 \fnil \fcharset0 \fprq0 {\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri{\
*\falt Calibri};}}{\*\colortbl ;\red0 \green0 \blue0 ;\red128 \green0 \blue0 ;\
red255 \green0 \blue0 ;\red0 \green128 \blue0 ;\red128 \green128 \blue0 ;\red0 \
green255 \blue0 ;\red255 \green255 \blue0 ;\red0 \green0 \blue128 ;\red128 \
green0 \blue128 ;\red0 \green128 \blue128 ;\red128 \green128 \blue128 ;\red192 \
green192 \blue192 ;\red0 \green0 \blue255 ;\red255 \green0 \blue255 ;\red0 \
green255 \blue255 ;\red255 \green255 \blue255 ;}{\stylesheet {\qj \li0 \ri0 \
widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \
af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \snext0 \sunhideused \spriority0 Normal;}}{\*\latentstyles
\lsdstimax156 \lsdlockeddef0 \lsdsemihiddendef1 \lsdunhideuseddef1 \
lsdqformatdef0 \lsdprioritydef99 {\lsdlockedexcept \lsdsemihidden0 \lsdpriority0 \
lsdlocked0 Normal;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 heading 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 heading 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 heading 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 heading 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 heading 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 heading 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 heading 7;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 heading 8;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 heading 9;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 index 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 index 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 index 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 index 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 index 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 index 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 index 7;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 index 8;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 index 9;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 toc 1;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 toc 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 toc 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 toc 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 toc 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 toc 6;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 toc 7;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 toc 8;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 toc 9;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 Normal Indent;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 footnote text;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \
lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 annotation text;\lsdsemihidden0 \
lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 header;\lsdsemihidden0 \
lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 footer;\lsdsemihidden0 \
lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 index heading;\
lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 caption;\
lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 table of
figures;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
envelope address;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 envelope return;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 footnote reference;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \
lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 annotation reference;\lsdsemihidden0 \
lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 line number;\
lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 page
number;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
endnote reference;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 endnote text;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99
\lsdlocked0 table of authorities;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 macro;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 toa heading;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \
lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \
lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List Bullet;\lsdsemihidden0 \
lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List Number;\
lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List 2;\
lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List 3;\
lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List 4;\
lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List 5;\
lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List Bullet
2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List
Bullet 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
List Bullet 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 List Bullet 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List Number 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \
lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List Number 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \
lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List Number 4;\
lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List Number
5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Title;\
lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Closing;\
lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Signature;\
lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Default
Paragraph Font;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 Body Text;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 Body Text Indent;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List Continue;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \
lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List Continue 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \
lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List Continue 3;\
lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 List
Continue 4;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
List Continue 5;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 Message Header;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Subtitle;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Salutation;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Date;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Body Text First Indent;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \
lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Body Text First Indent 2;\lsdsemihidden0 \
lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Note Heading;\lsdsemihidden0
\lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Body Text 2;\lsdsemihidden0
\lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Body Text 3;\lsdsemihidden0
\lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Body Text Indent 2;\
lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Body Text
Indent 3;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
Block Text;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
Hyperlink;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
FollowedHyperlink;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 Strong;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 Emphasis;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 Document Map;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99
\lsdlocked0 Plain Text;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 E-mail Signature;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \
lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Normal (Web);\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0
\lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 HTML Acronym;\lsdsemihidden0 \
lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 HTML Address;\lsdsemihidden0
\lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 HTML Cite;\lsdsemihidden0 \
lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 HTML Code;\lsdsemihidden0 \
lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 HTML Definition;\
lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 HTML
Keyboard;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
HTML Preformatted;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \
lsdlocked0 HTML Sample;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \
lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 HTML Typewriter;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \
lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 HTML Variable;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0
Normal Table;\lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99
\lsdlocked0 annotation subject;\lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 No List;\
lsdsemihidden0 \lsdunhideused0 \lsdqformat1 \lsdpriority99 \lsdlocked0 Balloon
Text;}}{\*\generator WPS Office}{\info {\title CHAPTER ONE}{\operator yohannes2}{\
creatim \yr2016 \mo1 \dy8 \hr1 \min16 }{\revtim \yr2016 \mo1 \dy8 \hr1 \min25 }{\
version1 }}\paperw12240 \paperh15840 \margl1800 \margr1800 \margt1440 \margb1440 \
gutter0 \ftnbj \aenddoc \dghspace0 \jcompress1 \viewkind4 \viewscale100 \
ftnlytwnine \useltbaln \alntblind \lytcalctblwd \rtlgutter \viewkind4 {\*\fchars {\
uc1 \u33 ?}{\uc1 \u41 ?}{\uc1 \u44 ?}{\uc1 \u46 ?}{\uc1 \u58 ?}{\uc1 \u59 ?}{\uc1 \
u63 ?}{\uc1 \u93 ?}{\uc1 \u125 ?}{\uc1 \u168 ?}{\uc1 \u183 ?}{\uc1 \u711 ?}{\uc1 \
u713 ?}{\uc1 \u8213 ?}{\uc1 \u8214 ?}{\uc1 \u8217 ?}{\uc1 \u8221 ?}{\uc1 \u8230 ?}
{\uc1 \u8758 ?}{\uc1 \u12289 ?}{\uc1 \u12290 ?}{\uc1 \u12291 ?}{\uc1 \u12293 ?}{\
uc1 \u12297 ?}{\uc1 \u12299 ?}{\uc1 \u12301 ?}{\uc1 \u12303 ?}{\uc1 \u12305 ?}{\uc1
\u12309 ?}{\uc1 \u12311 ?}{\uc1 \u65281 ?}{\uc1 \u65282 ?}{\uc1 \u65287 ?}{\uc1 \
u65289 ?}{\uc1 \u65292 ?}{\uc1 \u65294 ?}{\uc1 \u65306 ?}{\uc1 \u65307 ?}{\uc1 \
u65311 ?}{\uc1 \u65341 ?}{\uc1 \u65344 ?}{\uc1 \u65372 ?}{\uc1 \u65373 ?}{\uc1 \
u65374 ?}{\uc1 \u65504 ?}}{\*\lchars {\uc1 \u40 ?}{\uc1 \u91 ?}{\uc1 \u123 ?}{\
uc1 \u183 ?}{\uc1 \u8216 ?}{\uc1 \u8220 ?}{\uc1 \u12296 ?}{\uc1 \u12298 ?}{\uc1 \
u12300 ?}{\uc1 \u12302 ?}{\uc1 \u12304 ?}{\uc1 \u12308 ?}{\uc1 \u12310 ?}{\uc1 \
u65288 ?}{\uc1 \u65294 ?}{\uc1 \u65339 ?}{\uc1 \u65371 ?}{\uc1 \u65505 ?}{\uc1 \
u65509 ?}}\fet2 {\*\ftnsep \pard \plain {\insrsid \chftnsep \par }}{\*\ftnsepc \
pard \plain {\insrsid \chftnsepc \par }}{\*\aftnsep \pard \plain {\insrsid \
chftnsep \par }}{\*\aftnsepc \pard \plain {\insrsid \chftnsepc \par }}\sectd \
sbkpage \pgwsxn12240 \pghsxn15840 \marglsxn1800 \margrsxn1800 \margtsxn1440 \
margbsxn1440 \guttersxn0 \headery720 \footery720 \pgbrdropt0 \endnhere \pard \plain
\qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \
af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \
lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \
slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar
\adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \
qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \
af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \
lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \
slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar
\adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \
qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \
af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \
lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \
slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar
\adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \
qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \
af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \
lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \
slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar
\adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \
qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \
af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \
lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \
slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar
\adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \
qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \
af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \
lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \
slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar
\adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \
qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \
af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \
lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \
slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar
\adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \
qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \
af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \
lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \
slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar
\adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \
qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \
af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \
lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \
slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar
\adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard
\plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0
\rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \
dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \
sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \
slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar
\adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \
qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \
af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \
lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \
slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar
\adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \
qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \
af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \
lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \
slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar
\adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \
qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \
af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \
lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \
slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar
\adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 CHAPTER ONE}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \
li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 1. INTODUCTION}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \
lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 1.1. Background of the study}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \
lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 Risk manag}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \
f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 e}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang9 \langnp9 ment is defined as a}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \
f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang9 \langnp9 systematic process for the ident}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \
af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 i}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 f}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang1033 \langnp1033 i}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 cati}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033
o}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 n and evaluation
of pure loss exposures faced by an organization or individual and for the selection
and impl}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 e}
{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 mentation of the
most appro}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033
pr}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 iate techniques
for treating such exposur}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang1033 \langnp1033 es}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 . It is a scientific approach to dealing with pure risks by anticipating
possible accidental loss and designing and implementi}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 n}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \
af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 g procedures that minimizes the occur}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 r}{\fs22 \kerning2 \
dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 ence of losses or the financial
impact of the losses that do occur. Risk manag}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \
af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 e}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 ment focuses on apart of the total bundle of risks, those
that are classified as pure risks(Teklegiorgis A. 2004, P;19).}{\fs22 \kerning2 \
dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \
sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 Risk manag}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \
f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 e}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang9 \langnp9 ment has several objectives that can be classified in to two: pre}{\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 }{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 loss objectives and post
loss objectives(Rejda G. 1995 P;38).}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \
f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \
nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \
loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 P}
{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 re}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 }{\fs22 \kerning2 \
dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 loss objectives:A firm or
organization has several risk manag}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \
f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 e}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang9 \langnp9 ment objectives prior to the occ}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \
af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 u}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 r}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang1033 \langnp1033 r}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 ence of a loss.the impo}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang1033 \langnp1033 r}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 tant include economy,the reduction of anxiety and meeting exte}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 r}{\fs22 \kerning2 \
dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 nally imposed obligations(IBID).}{\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \
qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \
af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 post loss objectives; A firm or
organization has several risk manag}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \
f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 e}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang9 \langnp9 ment objectives after the oc}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \
af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 c}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 ur}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang1033 \langnp1033 re}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 nce of a loss. the most important includes;survival of the firm ,continue
operating, stability of earnings, continued growth and social responsibil}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 i}{\fs22 \kerning2 \
dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 ty(IBID). }{\fs22 \kerning2 \
dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0
\sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 there are four steps in the risk manag}{\fs22 \kerning2 \
dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 e}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \
af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 ment process. these are identification of
potential losses,evaluating potential losses selecting the appropriate technique,
or combination of techniques for treating loss exposures and implementing and
administrating the program(Teklegiorgis A. 2004,p;22)}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \
lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 According to lap duong\uc1 \u8217 ?s study small and
micro enterprise sectors growth and its impact on the society risks management
equally calls for attentions and strategies to this sector. }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch
\af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \
sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 1.2 statement of the problem }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \
af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \
lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 This study will at}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \
af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 t}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 empt to find out the risk manag}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \
af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 e}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 ment techniques that the most of the business
organizations in }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \
langnp1033 Ak}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 sum
town use to their business against the possible occur}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 r}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \
af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 ence of risk and uncertainty. In previous days the
minimum regard was given for risk manag}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 e}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang9 \langnp9 ment in small and micro enterprise. But those days these business
environment is not promising to do so, rather small scale and micro enterprise give
due regard to manage various risks which they are exposed to(Hailey G. 2007).}{\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \
qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \
af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 However, in the process of an}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 a}{\fs22 \kerning2 \
dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 lyzing and managing the potential
losses the owner or the manager is very likely to face with different problems. the
problem may of the firms own problems and problems originated from out side
environ}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 m}{\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 ent. Like the small
and micro enterprise continue to face several problems in their day to day
operation, that is, in production and marketing of their products, they face stiff
competition from large firms,inadequate infrastructure facilities and access to
credit are other major problems. small and micro enterprise are often unable to
procure adequ}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \
langnp1033 a}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 te
financial resources for the purchase of machin}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \
af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 e}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 ry, equipment and raw materials as well as for meeting
day to day expenses. Further they find it difficult to recruit and motives skilled
managerial and technical personnel.They mainly reluctant to adopt modern method}{\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 s }{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 of organization and manag}
{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 e}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 ment. Most of the time it
is the owner full respo}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang1033 \langnp1033 n}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 sibility to manage all the affairs of the business,which usually ends up
with unsucces}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \
langnp1033 s}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 ful
risk manag}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033
e}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 ment(George R.
1995).}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard
\plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \
lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2
\dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 This study will be conduct to
answer the following questions:}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \
nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \
loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 1 what
types of risk manag}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \
langnp1033 e}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 ment
techniques will be used by most small and micro enterprise against the possible
occur}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 r}{\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 ence of risk and
uncert}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 ai}{\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 nty?}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \
li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 2 what are the basic reasons for small scale
and micro enterprise will may not to manage risk effectively? }{\fs22 \kerning2 \
dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \
sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 3 do small and micro enterp}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 r}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \
af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 i}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang1033 \langnp1033 s}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 e have separate risks manag}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \
f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 e}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang9 \langnp9 ment system?}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9
\langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \
nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \
loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 4 what
is the attitude of small and micro enterprise owners managers towards to risk
manag}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 e}{\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 ment practice?}{\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \
qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \
af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 1.3 objectives of the study}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \
li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 1.3.1 general objective}{\fs22 \kerning2 \
dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \
sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 the general objective of the study is to identify risk
manag}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 e}{\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 ment practice in
small and micro enterprise in case of Aksum town. }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \
lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 1.3.2. Specific objectives}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4
\hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \
lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 The specific objectives of the study will be:}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \
li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 1. To assess the types of risk manag}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 e}{\fs22 \kerning2 \
dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 ment techniques used by small and
micro enterprise against the possible occur}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \
af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 re}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch
\f4 \lang9 \langnp9 nce of risk. }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \
f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \
nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \
loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 2. To
examine the reason that allow small and micro enterprise not to manage risk
effectively.}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \
par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \
adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 3. To assess the
most commonly used risk handling alternative tools.}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \
lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 4. To assess the attitudes of small scale and micro
enterprise employees and owner towards risk manag}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich
\af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 e}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch
\f4 \lang9 \langnp9 ment practice.}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4
\lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \
nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \
loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 1.4.
Significance of the study}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar
\adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 The study will
persume}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 d}{\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 to provide a vital
information and awar}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \
langnp1033 e}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 nes}
{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 s}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 for various exposures,
and consequently giving due regard for those exposures, potential and actual losses
and operating smoothly in the dynamic and uncertain business environment. The study
will be significant end}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang1033 \langnp1033 }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 over in understanding the importance of accessing risk manag}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 e}{\fs22 \kerning2 \
dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 ment in a certain business
organizations.}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \
par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \
adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 It will be help full
to business adm}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \
langnp1033 i}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 n}{\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 is}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 trat}{\fs22 \kerning2 \
dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 o}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \
af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 rs and manag}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 e}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \
af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 ment practitioners to exercise effective mark}{\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 e}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 ting appro}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 a}{\fs22 \kerning2 \
dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 ches to their organization.}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \
li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 It also will be help full for insurance
companies to give regard in insuring small and micro enterprise.}{\fs22 \kerning2 \
dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \
sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 To give basic regard for small business owners about the
basic features and }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \
langnp1033 i}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9
nfluence of risk in small business. It can also serve as an acad}{\fs22 \kerning2 \
dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 e}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \
af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 mic tool to fill literature gap and base
for further reference informing its re}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch
\f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 a}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9
\langnp9 d}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033
e}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 rs about the
business development and risk manag}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \
f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 e}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang9 \langnp9 ment in small and micro enterprises. It will be demanded useful for
further researcher on marketing st}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4
\lang1033 \langnp1033 r}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 ategies and its ap}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang1033 \langnp1033 p}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 lication to different small scale and micro enterprises. }{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \
li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 1.5. Scope of the study}{\fs22 \kerning2 \
dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \
sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 this study will be limit to small and micro enterprise
business of Aksum town only and it focus on fina}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 n}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \
af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 cial aspect of risk manag}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4
\hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 e}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4
\loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 ment technique.}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang9 \langnp9 Because of the shortage of and resource of the researcher.}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \
li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 1.6. limitation of the study }{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \
li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 The study will focus on the following
limitations}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \
par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \
adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 1. The respond}{\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 e}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 nts will may be
unwillingness to fill the question}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4
\lang1033 \langnp1033 n}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 ai}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033
r}{\fs22
\kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 e}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch
\af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 s}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich
\af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \
sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \
af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 2. The researcher will use limited number of population include in the
study }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard
\plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \
lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2
\dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 3. The finding will may not be
applicable to all small and micro enterprise business in Aksum town }{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \
li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 1.7. Organization of the paper }{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \
li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 The research will include five chapters; First
chapter includes introduction of the chapter, background of the study, statem}{\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 e}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 nt of the pro}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 b}{\fs22 \kerning2 \
dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 lem objective of the study,
significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study and organization of
the paper. The second chapter includes related literature review. third chapter
also consists of research design and methodology. Chapter four presents data
analysis and interpretation and chapter five discuss presentation, summaries,
conclusions and recom}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \
langnp1033 me}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9
ndation of the area.}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qc \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar
\adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 CHAPTER TWO}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \
li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9
2. Literature review}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \
nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \
loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 2.1.
Definition and role of small and micro enterpri}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \
af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 s}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 e and risks }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \
slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 The small and micro enterprises sector has been recognized as eng}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 i}{\fs22 \kerning2 \
dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 ne of the growth all over the world.
many countries of the world have established small and micro enterprise development
agency as the nodal agency to coordinate and over see all government }{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 i}{\fs22 \kerning2 \
dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 nterv}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 en}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4
\loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 tions in respect of the development of this sector. There
exist several definitions of the term small and micro enterprise, varying from
country to country and varying between the sources reporting small and micro
enterprise sta}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \
langnp1033 ti}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9
stics. The comm}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \
langnp1033 o}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 nly
used criteria at the international level of small and micro enterprises are the
number of employees, total net assets, sales and investment level(Hailey G.2007). }
{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain
\qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \
af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 There is no single definition of risk.
Economists, behavioral scientists, risk theorists, }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \
lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \
kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 Risk is a condition in which there is a possibility of an
adverse deviation from a desired out come that is expected or hoped for. Risk is
uncertainty regarding loss(IBID). }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4
\lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \
nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \
loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 2.2.
Risk versus probability }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar
\adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 It is necessary to
d}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 i}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 st}{\fs22 \kerning2 \
dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 in}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4
\hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 gu}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 i}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang9 \langnp9 sh carefully between risk and probability. probability refers to the
long run chance of occurrence, or relative frequency of some event. insurers are
particularly interested in the probability or chance of loss or more accura}{\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 t}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 ely the probability that a
loss will occur to one of a group of insured objects. actually probability has
little meaning if applied to the chance of occur}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 re}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4
\loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 nce among a large number of ev}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \
af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 e}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 nts}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang9 \langnp9 (Teklrgiorgis A. 2004). }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \
slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 Risk, has differ}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033
\langnp1033 e}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9
ntiated from probability is a}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang1033 \langnp1033 }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 concept in relative var}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang1033 \langnp1033 i}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 ation. We are ref}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang1033 \langnp1033 e}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 r}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 r}
{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 ing here
particularly to objective risk, which is relative var}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 i}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \
af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 ation of actual res}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich
\af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 u}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch
\f4 \lang9 \langnp9 lts from probable or expected loss. objective risk can be me}{\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 a}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 sured me}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 a}{\fs22 \kerning2 \
dbch \af4 \hich \af4
\loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 ningfully only int}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \
af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 erms}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 of a group large enough to analy}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \
af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 z}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 e sta}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 ti}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \
f4 \lang9 \langnp9 stica}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033
\langnp1033 l}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9
ly(IBID).}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\
pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \
lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2
\dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 2.3 classification of risks}{\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \
qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \
af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 risks may classified in many ways:How
ever, ther}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033
e}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 are cert}{\fs22
\kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 ai}{\fs22 \kerning2
\dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 n distinction tha}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 t}{\fs22 \kerning2 \
dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 are particularly important for for
our purposes:The major categories of risks are :financial and non}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 }{\fs22 \kerning2 \
dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 financial risks,static and dynamic
risks, fundame}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \
langnp1033 n}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 tal
and particular risks,objective and subjective risks and pure and speculative
risks(Teklegiorgis A. 2004).}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \
nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \
loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 2.3.1
FINANCIAL AND NON FINANCIAL RISKS}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \
f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \
nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \
loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 the term
risk includes all situations in which ther}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 e}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang9 \langnp9 is there is an exposure to ad}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \
af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 ve}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch
\f4 \lang9 \langnp9 rsity. In some cases this adversity involves financial loss,
while in another it does}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033
\langnp1033 }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9
not(IBID).}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\
pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \
lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2
\dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 2.3.2 STATIC AND DYNAMIC RISKS}{\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \
qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \
af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 dynamic risks are those resulting from
changes in the economy.changes in the price level,consumer tastes,income and
output ,and t}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \
langnp1033 e}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9
chnology may cause financial loss to members of the economy.static risks involve
those losses that would occur even if ther}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 e}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang9 \langnp9 were no changes in the economy. thes}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 e}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \
af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 loss arise from causes such as the perils of nature
and the dishonesty of the individuals(IBID).}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \
af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276
\slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 2.3.3 FUNDAMENTAL AND PARTICULAR RISK}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \
af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276
\slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 A fundamental risk is a}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang1033 \langnp1033 }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 risk that affects the entire economy or large numb}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \
af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 e}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 r of persons or groups with in the economy .
fundamental risks involves losses that are impersonal in origin and cons}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 e}{\fs22 \kerning2 \
dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 quen}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 c}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \
af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 e. they are group risks,caused for the most part by
ec}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 o}{\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 nomic, social, and
political phenomena, although they may result from physical occur}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 r}{\fs22 \kerning2 \
dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 ence. example high inflation, war,
drought, earth}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \
langnp1033 }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 qu}{\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 a}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 cks, flood and other
natural disasters(Georg R. 1998).}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \
f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \
nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \
loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 A
particular risk is a risk that affects only individuals and not inter community.
particular risks involve losses that arise out of individual events are felt by
individuals rather than by the entire group. example the burning of house, the
robbery of a bank, and the damage of a car(IBID).}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich
\af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \
sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \
af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 2.3.4 OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE RISK}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \
af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \
slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 objective risk is defined the relative variation of actual from expected
losses. objective risk, or statistical risk, applicable mainly to groups of objects
exposed to loss refers to the variations that occurs when actual loss differs from
expected loss. objective risk can be statistical}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 l}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \
af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 y measured by some me}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 a}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \
af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 sure of dispersion such as standard}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 }{\fs22 \kerning2 \
dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 dev}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 ia}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4
\loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 tion}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang1033 \langnp1033 }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 (Teklegiorgis A. 2004)}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \
nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \
loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9
subjective risk is defined as uncertainty based on a persons mental condition or
state of mind. A s}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \
langnp1033 u}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich
\af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 bjective risk a}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \
af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 psychological}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 uncertainty that stems from individual mental
attitudes or state of mind(IBID).}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \
f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \
nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \
loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 2.3.5
PURE AND SPECULATIVE RISKS}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \
nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \
loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 pure
risk is defined as a situ}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang1033 \langnp1033 a}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 tion in which ther}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang1033 \langnp1033 e}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 are only the possib}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang1033 \langnp1033 i}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 lity of loss or no}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang1033 \langnp1033 }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 loss. the only possible out comes are adverse or loss and natural(no loss).
a pure exists when there is a chance of loss but no chance of gain. example the
owner an automobile face the risk associated with potential coll}{\fs22 \kerning2 \
dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 i}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \
af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 sion loss, premature death, job related
accidents, and damage to property from fire, lighting, flood etc(IBID).}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \
li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0
\fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 Speculative risk is defined as a}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 }{\fs22 \kerning2 \
dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 situation in which either profit or}
{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 }{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 loss is po}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 s}{\fs22 \kerning2 \
dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 sible. A}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4
\hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4
\loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 speculative risk exists where there is a chance of gain
as well as chance of loss. Example investing in capital project might be
profitable or it might prove to be a failure betting on foot ball match, investing
real estate, gambling }{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar
\adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 2.4 risk manag}{\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 e}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 ment in small scale and
micro enterprise}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \
par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \
adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 risk manag}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 e}{\fs22 \kerning2 \
dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 ment in small scale and micro ente}
{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 r}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 prise is different from
large firms in several ways. insurance companies are not always eager to insure
small firms and may even turn down in small cases. also large firms the respo}{\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 n}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 sibilities of the risk
manager are assigned to specialized staff manager. it is more difficult for small
and micro enterprise business to ad}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \
f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 d}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang9 \langnp9 ress risk manag}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang1033 \langnp1033 e}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 ment . because the firms risk manager is usually, the owner and the the
owners wear so many hats. further more risk manag}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich
\af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 e}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch
\f4 \lang9 \langnp9 ment is not some thing that requires i}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \
af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 m}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 m}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 e}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang9 \langnp9 diate attention until identify the different types of risks facing
the bu}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 s}{\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 iness and find ways
to cope up with them(Hailey G. 2007).}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \
loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \
slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \
hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 CHAPTER THREE}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \
langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar
\adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 3. RESEARCH DESIGN
AND METHODOLOGY}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \
par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \
adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 3.1 Research design}
{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain
\qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \
af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 The study will be conducted through
the descriptive type of study. The main purpose of this type of study is to
describe the the problem associated with the subject matter. The researcher will
use qualitative method to support the research work. Qualitative method refers to
collect and utilize non numerical data and it is used to gain insights of
unstructured problems. The nature of the research is to collect diverse data and
the research topic of risk management in small business is not structured as a
hypothesis. Therefore the researcher believe qualitative method is more effective.
The data type for this research will be cross-sectional type of data because the
data will collect once a time through questionnaires and by referring different
source documents.the research type will survey type research.}{\fs22 \kerning2 \
dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \
ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \
fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \
af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 3.2 TARGET POPULATION AND SAMPLE SIZES}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \
qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \
af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 The target population for this
research will be all small and micro enterprises found in Aksum town. However, the
researcher will be classify the small and micro enterprises of the enterprise in to
different sectors like; construction, manufacturing, urban agriculture and services
then take them as sample business. After selecting sample business, }{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \
qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \
af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 3.3 source and method of data
collection}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \
adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 In this study,
the researcher will use both both primary and secondary data sources.The primary
source of data will be collected from business sectors by distributing close ended
questionnaires to business owners and managers. The secondary data will collect in
order to develop conceptual skills by referring different source documents.}{\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4
\loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \
sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \
af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \
lang1033 \langnp1033 3.4 methods of data analysis and interpretation}{\fs22 \
kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \par }\pard \plain \
qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \
itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \
af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 After data will collect through
questionnaire, the data will be classified in to homogeneous group according to the
content of the responses in the questionnaire. Then the data will analyze by using
descriptive method analysis in the form of table and percentages and the
interpretation of the data will be doing by relating the data with the general t}{\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \sect }\
sectd \sbkpage \pgwsxn12240 \pghsxn15840 \marglsxn1800 \margrsxn1800 \
margtsxn1440 \margbsxn1440 \guttersxn0 \headery720 \footery720 \pgbrdropt0 \
endnhere \pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \
adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \sect }\
sectd \sbkpage \pgwsxn12240 \pghsxn15840 \marglsxn1800 \margrsxn1800 \
margtsxn1440 \margbsxn1440 \guttersxn0 \headery720 \footery720 \pgbrdropt0 \
endnhere \pard \plain \qj \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \
adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\
fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \langnp1033 heories on the
study area.}{\fs22 \kerning2 \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \par }}