RATIO |

PROPORTION |
LOGS & INDICES
1. Ratio is a Fraction used for comparison of 2 or more
quantities which are

of same Expressed in same

type
unit of measurement

Example : If Vinod’s weight is 90 kgs and Anand’s weight is

60 kgs then we can say that Ratio of
weights is 90 60
2. Weights of Vinod, Anand are in the ratio of 90 : 60 = 3 : 2
Simplest form of 90:60
Also we can write that, weights of Anand, Vinod are in the ratio
of 60 : 90 = 2 : 3
Ratio can
expressed without any unit of measurement
3. Ratio can be expressed like 2 3 9 11 5 9
It means Ratios are UNIT FREE

4. The ratio 30 : 60 can also be written as 1 : 2 in its simplest form

5. Ratio is generally expressed in its simplest form

simplest form of
12 18 is 2 3
a
6. a : b can also be written as b = 9mm ak bk are bae by
ay
provide m
k.ae y o

7. All the terms of a ratio can be multiplied OR divided by same

non-zero number. am ym

x : y = 32 4m
3ylose Provided
toy 4m
CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

1
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

8. In the ratio x : y
x = First term = Antecedent
y = Second term = consequent
In the ratio 9 8 9 Antecedent 8 consequent
9.
In the ratio a:b then Ratio is known Examples
If as
a>b
Ratio of 9 11 3
i.e. Antecedent > Consequent
Greater Inequality 101 89

35 34,39 21

a<b 5 11 35 38
Ratio of
i.e. Antecedent < Consequent
41143,93 523
Lesser
Inequality 581 1000

a=b Ratio of 8 8 5 S
i.e. Antecedent = Consequent
19 19 1 1
Eyuality 38 38

Simplest form of Ratio of equality

is always 1 I

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

2
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

10. Find simplest form of ratio of quantities

(3 hours 5 mins 8 secs), (8 hours 10 mins 40 secs)

3 has s mins 8 sees 3 60 60 5 60 g

10 mins 8 60 60 10 60 40
8h25 nose

0800 300 8 seconds

294 2777 7360
28800 600 40 seconds

11. Ratio can be expressed without unit of measurement

(i.e. Ratio are unit-free)

12.
Quantities Ratio in simplest form
5 hrs, 5 mins 15 60 mins
60 1
s mins
5 hrs 10 mins, 10 hrs 15 mins 5 60 10
Pls Note I hour Gomins
10 60 is
818
1min 60 secs 62 123
8 feets 6 inches, 12 feets 8 inches 18 12 6 inches
pls note 12 12 8 inches
1 foot 12 inches 102 inches 51 76
152 inches
8 meters 10 cms, 8 100 10 Cms 810ms
10 meters 18cms 110 100 18 cm 10180ms
1km looometers
Pls Note
1 Meter 1000ms ooo mm 810 1018 405 509
I cm 10 Mms

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

3
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

5 mins 33 secs, 8 mins 45 secs 15 607 33 sees 333 sees

8 60 as secs 52s secs

111 175
8GB, 512 MB 8 1024 MB
1024 bytes KB 512 MB
1024 KB IMB
8192 512
1024 MB 1GB
1024 GB I TB 16 1

8.5 kgs, 880 gms 8 50 1000 9ms

880
I 1000 gms
kg gms
85009ms 888 425 44
Igm 1000mg 8809ms
8.8 kms, 44000 mms 8 80 1000 100 10 MMS

44,000 MMS

88,00 000
200 I
44,000
13. Order of terms in a ratio is important
a :b = b :a 3 7 3
14. If we interchange the position of antecedent & consequent,
we get Inverse Ratio
15. Inverse Ratio of 5:7 is S
& Pls remember 5 : 7 = 7 : 5
16. Inverse Ratio of Inverse Ratio of a : b is a b
Inverse Ratio of Inverse Ratio of 13 28 is 13 28

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

4
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

Did You Know ?

17. Inverse Ratio of Ratio of Greater inequality is
Ratio of Lesser inequality and vice versa.
18. Inverse Ratio of Ratio of Equality is Ratio of Equality only.
19. Duplicate Ratio : Duplicate ratio of min is m m

Duplicate ratio of 1 9 is 1 81
Duplicate ratio of V3 1s is 3 225 1 25

Duplicate ratio of a 63 is a 5 as B
20. Triplicate Ratio : Triplicate ratio of a b a B
Triplicate of ratio 2 S is 23 53 8 125
21. Sub-duplicate Ratio : sub duplicate ratio of 81 625 is 9 25
sub duplicate ratio of 5 11 is V5 VT 51 2 1112
22. Sub-triplicate Ratio : sub triplicate ratio of 8 125 is 2 S
sub triplicate ratio of min is 35m
Fill in the blanks m n a a
It’s
A Ratio Duplicate Triplicate Sub-duplicate Sub-triplicate Inverse
Ratio Ratio Ratio Ratio Ratio
p :q
p 92 p 93 V5 VT 35 3 7 9 P
3 : 11 9 121 27 1331 312 111 2 313 11 11 3

s
2 3
a :b a

I
7 10
a :p a

1/3 1/7
3 7 3 313 8 33 817 8 35
3 :8
3 8 3 346 8 18 45
CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

5
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

23. Compounded Ratio or Ratio Compounded

Compounded ratio of 2 : 3, x : y, m : n, p : q, e : f is
Compounded Ratio = Zampe Gynaf
product of antecedents product of consequents
24. Find Ratio Compounded of 3 : 7, 8 : 3, 5 : 11, 22 : 5, 14 : 17

14 7 3 11 5417
Compounded Ratio 3x 8 5 22

OR
8 8 2
Ratio compounded
1 3411 8 17
3

7 32 17

25. Find compounded ratio of 8 : 13, 39 : 5, 25 : 18, 27 : 15,

30 : 8, 16 : 5, 50 : 2

3 21
Compounded 8 39 25 2
30 16 5 0

ratio 18 8
if

3 25 3 16
3600 1
I
Duplicate ratio of 9 13 is

9 13 82 130 162 338 None of these

Dupli ratio of 9 13 92 132 81 169 162 338

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

6
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

26. Find compounded ratio 5 : 7, 14 : 3, 9 : 2, 6 : 15,

Duplicate Ratio of 5 : 2, Triplicate Ratio of 4 : 5,
Sub-duplicate ratio of 25 : 49, Sub-triplicate Ratio of 343 : 64,
inverse ratio of 2 : 9, Duplicate Ratio of 3 : 2
5 7 14 3 9 2 6 15 25 4 64 125 5 7 4 9 2,9 4
3

Compounded 1464 2 59 64 Xx ax
x

Ratio Xx Xx Xx Xx 4 12 5 7 4 4 4
9 9 3 243
243 1
1

27. Find duplicate ratio of sub-triplicate ratio of inverse ratio

of 125 : 343
Duplicate ratio of sub tripli ratio of inverse ratio of 125 343

Dupli ratio of subbipli ratio of 343 125

Dupli ratio of 7 S
49 25
28. Find Inverse Ratio of Duplicate Ratio of Triplicate Ratio
of 2 : 5
Inverse ratio of Dupli ratio of Taipli ratio of 2 S
Inverse ratio of Dupli ratio of 8 125
Inverse ratio of 64 15625
15625 64
29. Find Duplicate Ratio of Inverse Ratio of Sub-duplicate ratio
of 625 : 225
Dupli ratio of Inverse ratio of 25 15
Dupli ratio of 15 25
225 625 9 25

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

7
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

30. Find duplicate ratio of Sub-triplicate ratio of

Inverse ratio of 10 : 3

Dupli ratio of subtiplicate ratio of 3 10

Dupli ratio of 3 10

3 1043

3 10

31. Find sub-triplicate ratio of sub-duplicate ratio of inverse

ratio of 8 : 11
sub triplicate ratio of sub dupli ratio of 11 8
sub tripli ratio of 11 8
11 8 846 11
1146 23 11 2

1T 6 5 KT
32. Find Inverse ratio of Duplicate ratio of Triplicate ratio of
a :b
Inverse ratio of Dupli ratio of 93 33
Inverse ratio of 96 56
be a

33. Find Duplicate ratio of sub-duplicate ratio of 8 : 35

Dupli ratio of V8 V55
8 35

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

8
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

34. Please Note

1. Duplicate ratio of sub-duplicate ratio of 13 : 18 is 13 18

2. Sub-duplicate ratio of duplicate ratio of m : n is m h

3. Triplicate ratio of sub-triplicate ratio of a : b is a b

4. Sub-triplicate ratio of triplicate ratio of p : q is pig

5. Inverse ratio of Inverse ratio of 35 : 88 is 35 88

35. Find inverse ratio of duplicate ratio of sub-triplicate ratio of

sub-triplicate ratio of m : n

Inverse of Duplicate of subtrip i of m n

Inverse of Duplicate of m n
2
I nverse of m n9
9
Inverse of m m 9
n m 9
n2 m 9 5 9mF
36. Find compounded ratio of 8 : 3, 6 : 11, 5 : 16, 48 : 15

Product of antecedents
Compounded
Ratio product of all consequents

8 x 481
16 11
11 16

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

9
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

37. Find compounded ratio of a : b and a : b

92 5
38. Find compounded ratio of a : b and a2 : b2
a a b b 93 B
39. Find compounded ratio of 8 : 11 & 11 : 8
8 11 11 8 88 88 1 1
40. Please Note :
1. If a ratio is compounded with itself then result is its
Duplicate ratio
2. If a ratio is compounded with its duplicate ratio then result is
its Triplicate ratio
3. If a ratio is compounded with its inverse ratio then result is
Ratio of
Equality
41. Some Calculator Tricks :
64 = 8
164
4 5000 = 5000 5000 8.40890415253
8 2
2
8 256 = 256 2561 2

16 20821 = Take 20821 on calculator press button

4 times
1.86168564064
32 85926.30 =
Take 85926.30 on calculator press
button s times 1.42623615299

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

10
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

42.
If I enter a number in calculator I will get
and press button
Once 2nd root
Twice 4th root
Thrice 8ᵗʰ root
Four Times 16th root
Five Times 32nd root
Six Times 64ᵗʰ root

43. 1.108518 = Take 1.1085 on calculator

then press
then press till step
count comes
6.38620056833 19

25 = 32
1.1863265 = Take 1 18632 then then till step count 66 66545
760271
1.15632149 = 1232 65696746
2.8518 = 153888965.491
1.20923034
41
1.2351 = 5751 57768902 64 0,800

1.009693 = 2 43158130991
5 5181370
2.228316 = 3694690475819
312 = 531441
9 859686
4047

68 = 1679616 32 0632196
1.225846 = 11676 2230502
1.01288451453

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

11
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

44.
5 17 How to find the answer of ab on calculator?
(when b is in fractions)
17
0.20 I Take a on calculator
1
press I 12 times
Here 9 17 5 0.20 2

3 Deduct I
1.76261666858
b
cross check 4 Multiply by
C 7626166085875 s Add I

17 approx 6 press 12 times

You will answer of ab

get
on calculator screen

45. 3 80 = 80 = 800 3333333

1/3
4.31111448146

cross check 4.311114481463 80

251800.70 = 1207.48546831

481251.20 = 414350 295255

10
28500 = 28500 28500 2.79245919177
0 05
1,02 800 1,02 800 1.78211326241
s
56,800 56,80070004 1.55030833411

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

12
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

46. If a : b = 3 : 5, b : c = 5 : 8. Find a : b : c, a : c, c : a
a b 3 S a c 3 8
b c 5 8 c a 8 3
a b c 3 S 8

47. If a : b = 5 : 11, b : c = 2 : 7. Find a : b : c, a : c, c : a

a b 5 11 10 22
b c 2 7 22 27

i a b c 10 22 27
a c 10 77 C a 77 10
48. If a : b = 3 : 8, b : c = 5 : 13. Find a : b : c, a : c, c : a

a b 3 8 15 40

b c 5 13 40 104

a b c 15 40 104
a c 15 104
C a 104 15
49. If a : b = 3 : 10, b : c = 4 : 5, c : d = 8 : 13
Find a : b : c : d, a : d, b : d, a : c i a d 48 325
a b 3 10 12 40 bid 1601325
b c 4 S 40 50 32 65
9 c 481200
i a b C 12 40 50 96 320 400
6 25
Cid 8 13 400 650

a b C d 96 320 400 650 48 160 200 325

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

13
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

50. Find duplicate ratio of subtriplicate ratio of sub-duplicate

ratio of inverse ratio of 5 18 : 9 35

9
Dupli of subtripli of sub dupli of 35 18
8 1
10
Dupli of subtrip i of 357 18

of 8 1840
Dupli 35
0
Dupli of 1357454 18
35454 18 0

0 s
35454 18 35 18
21 5 I

52. 20 285798632598 = 20
2 85798632598
3.75455609938
16 826398562281 = 5.55679464007

(1.126391)58 = 995 341154466

32 82619835 = 1 76770131544

(2289365288)0.20 = 75 1927214364

(1.1119381)38 = 56 371 9725703

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

14
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

53. If a : b = 2 : 3
b :c = 5 :4
c :d = 7 :9
Find a : b : c : d, a : d, b : d, a : c
a b 2 3 10 15
b c s 4 15 12

ii a b c 10 15 12 70 105 84
Cid 9 84 108
a b c d 70 1051841108

aid 70 108 35 54
bid 105 108 35 36
a C 70 84 5 6
54. a : b = 2 : 3
a :c = 3 :8
a : d = 5 : 11 Find a : b : c : d
a b 2 3 30 45 a b c d
a c 3 8 30180 20 45 50 66
aid 5 11 30 66

55. If a : c = 9 : 8
b :d = 5 :4
a :d = 2 :7 Find a : b : c : d
a c 9 8 18 16 a c d 18 16 63
72 64 252
aid 2 7 18 63
bid 5 4
a b c d 72 315 64 252 315 252

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

15
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

56. a : d = 2 : 17
c : b = 15 : 4
c :d = 2 :9
Find a : b : c : d
aid 2 17 18 153
c D 2 9 34 153
a c d 18 34 153 270 510 2295
C b 15 4 510 136

a b c d 270 136 510 2295

57. p : q = 3 : 11
r :s = 5 :6
p :r = 4 :7 Find p : q : r : s

p 9 3 11 12 44
P 8 4 7 12 21
12 44 21 60 220 105
i p 4
8 S 5 6 1055126

i 4
p r S 6.0 220 105 126

Q If a b 2 3 b c 2 3 Cid 2 3 d 2 3

Find a b c die
A a b 2 3 4 6 a b c D 8 12 18 27
b 2 3 6 9
c
4 6 9
a e z 3 53 9
a b c 8 12 18
a b c d 16 24 36 54 81
Cid 2 3 18 27

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

16
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

58.
Ratio Simplest form of the ratio
30 : 20 3 2
80 : 64 40 32 20 16 10 8 5 4
1.50 : 2.50 15 25 3 S
8 :9 8 9
2.75 : 8.25 275 825 11 33 1 3
8.26 : 3.30 826 330 413 165
8 : 9
3 3 8 9

3 : 11
8 3 9 88

f 9 88

1 : 82 2 8
23 3
7 26

2 : 19 3
77 7 19 13 51 136
3 8
2 :5 3
89

1
7
18 138 3
5 : 8 115 V5
25 : 81 Sig

2 : 15 2
11 7
113
3
is

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

17
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

59. Multiplying Ratio

Mr A’s income in year 2023 is `5,00,000. In 2024 his income
changed in the ratio of 25 : 27. Find his new income?

Years 2023 2024

000
Income 5,00
Ratio 25 27

New Income 27 500,000 5,40 000

25

New Income 5,00 000

3
New Income old Income 5195194
New Income old Income Multiplying Ratio

New old Multiplying ratio

Quantity Quantity
60. India’s population in 2011 census is 140 crores. In 2021 population
has changed in the ratio of 7 : 9. Find new population.
ratio
New population old population Multiplying
where Multiplying Ratio Inverse of ratio
given
New population 140 crores 180 crores

New Quantity old Quantity multiplying ratio

old Quantity New quantity Given ratio

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

18
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

61. Vinod’s weight is x kgs, his weight changes in the ratio of 5 : 7

Find his new weight?
New old Multiplying
weight weight
ratio

I
x x

old new
weight weight
ax
S 7
New old
Kat
weight weight

62. Anand’s income in 2028 year is ` 50 crores. In comparison with

year 2027 his income has changed in the ratio of 9 : 10.
Find his income for year 2027

old New Gwen

Income Income ratio
stone so crores as crores
for the year
Old Income New Income
2027 2028
9 10
so crores

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

19
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

63. 2 quantities are in the ratio of 3 : 4. If 6 is added to

both terms ratio becomes 4 : 5. Find old quantities.
Let those 2 quantities be be are

32 6 152 30 16 24
42 6 6 a
old Quantities
5 32 6 4 sets
st
L
64. 2 quantities are in the ratio of 8 : 9. If 4 is added to 1 term & 7 is
deducted from second term, ratio becomes 36 : 29. Find 2 quantities.

Let those 2 quantities be 8m 9m

8m 4 3
9m 7

8m 4 36 9m 7
29

232Mt 116 329m 252

368 92M
m 4
i Those quantities are 8
8 I
66. Present age of father and son is in the ratio of 16 : 1. After
8 years their age will be in the ratio of 4 : 1. Find the sum
of their present age.
Let present age of Father 162 son a
162 8 162 8 42 32 2 2
2 8 4 12 24

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

20
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

present age of Father

i 168 16 2 32
son 2 2

sum of their present age years 32 2 34

67. 2 quantities are in the ratio of 7 : 8, if 2 is subtracted from 1st and
12 is added to 2nd term, ratio becomes 2 : 3. Find quantities.
Let those 2 quantities be se 482

72 2

82 12
Those quantities are
212 6 162 24
52 30 8
a 6

68. 3 quantities are in the ratio of 2 : 3 : 5. If 4, 6, 0 is added to 3 terms

resp. then ratio becomes 2 : 3 : 4. Find sum of original quantities.
Let those 3 quantities be
2y 3y sy
6 to
ay a
Gy sy 2 3 4

29 4 2
38
39 6 5
12 12 129 24 isy
by 69
0 0 24 3y
y 8

i Those original quantities are 16 24,40

80
sum of original quantities 16 29 40

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

21
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

69. A mixture contains milk, water in the ratio of 3 : 8 on adding

5 litres of milk the ratio becomes 1 : 2. Find milk quantity, water
quantity in litres in original mixture.
5 Litres of milk
y

32 5
Milk water
32 82 gse

62 10 82
10 22

i R S

Original mixture contains

i milk 32 is litres
water 82 40 litres

70. There are 14 litres of mixture in 1st container where ratio of milk,
water is 2 : 5. In 30 litres mixture of 2nd container ratio of water,
milk is 8 : 7. If mixture of these containers is put in 3rd container.
Find ratio of milk, water quantity in 3rd container.

Milk water milk water

22 52 7y 8y
4 litres lolitres talities 16 litres
container I container 2 J

18
Milk 4 14
Milk water water 10 16
26 litres

9 13 container 3

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

22
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

71. Distribute `600 in the ratio of 2 : 3 : 7

Let 3 quantities be 22 32,72
22ft 32 72 600
122 600
a 50
i 3 shares of 600 are 22 100
32 150
72 350

72. Distribute `5,00,000 among A, B, C in the ratio of 8 : 3 : 19

A's share 5 00,000 1 33,333.33333

B's share 5
00,000
3g 50,000
C's share 500,000
19 316,666.66666
I 5,00 000
73. Distribute `80,000 among A, B, C in the ratio of
1:2 :1 A's share 80,000 17,777.7777
3 3 2
B's share
2 4 3 4 80,000 35,555.5555

C's share 39 80,000 26,666.6666

80,0001
S
A B
Is It 12 80,000

A'sshare 23 17,777.77777 22 42 32 4 80,000

doe 4 80,000
B's share 22 3 35,555 55555 de 53,333.333
C's share 2 2 26,666 666666

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

23
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

74. Divide `600 among A, B, C, D in the ratio of

2 13 , 8 23 , 5 13 , 10 23 I

A's share 600 51.8518s

2 8 5
103
B's share 600 192.592

C's share 600 118.5185

7 26 16 32

D's share 37 5600 237.037

PROPORTIONS
75. When a, b, c, d are said to be in proportion?

a b c d are said to be in proportion if

Ratio of Ratio of
1st to 2nd term 3rd to 4th term

ie a b Cid
ie
i e ad be
ie product of extremes product of means

5 are in proportion as 5 15 200 600 1 3

15,200,600
ORG 5 600 15 200 3000

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

24
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

76. If p : q = r : s
OR (ps) = (qr)
then p, q, r, s are said to be in proportion

77. 18, 30, 2k, 900 are in proportion. Find the value of k.
product of extremes product of means 18 30 2K 900
18 900 30 26
18 900 60K 18 900 4
K 270 39
78. When a, b, c, d are said to be in continued proportion?

If a b b c aid then a terms a b rid

are said to be in continued proportion
20, 30, 18, 27 Here 20 30 18 27 30 18

in proportion but not in

20,30 18,27 are
continued proportion
8, 12, 18, 27 Here 8 12 12 18 18 27 2 3

i in proportion as well as
8,12 18,27 are

continued proportion
Did You Know ?
If 4 quantities are in continued proportion then they must
be in proprotion; whereas

If 4 quantities are in proportion then it is not necessary that

they are in continued proportion.

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

25
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

79.
Whether quantities are in
4 Quantities
Proportion? Continued Proportion?
8, 12, 18, 27 Yes Yes
100, 200, 500, 1000 Yes No
a, ab, abc, abcd NO NO
1, 3, 5, 7 NO NO
18, 20, 90, 100 Yes No
5, 10, 20, 40 Yes Yes
20, 2, 40, 4 Yes No
a, ax, ax2, ax3 Yes Yes
3 5 7
k, k , k , k
Yes Yes
a, ax, b, bx
Yes No

80. p, q, r, s are said to be in

Proportion Continued Proportion

when p p 8 S when p 4 O 8 S
i e.PH ie
ie ps 98
81. When a, b, c are said to be in Proportion OR Continued
Proportion?
Three terms are said to be in proportion continuedprop
if Ratio of 1st to 2nd term Ratio of 2nd to 3rd term

b b c i e ie I
If a
g ac

then a b c are said to be in pooph anti poop

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

26
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

82.
If ratio of 1st term to 2nd term is equal to ratio of 2nd term
to 3rd term then 3 quantities are said to be in proportion.
If 3 quantities are i poop then are in conti proph also
they
83.
Quantities a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h are said to be in continued
proportion.
If a : b = b : c = c : d = d : e = e : f = f : g = g : h
2,4 8 16,32 64 128,256 512 1024 are in continuedpooph

84. Quantities are Value of k

in Proportion
a, b, 13, k product of extremes product of means
9k 13 b
k 13b a

29 100 36 8 K
2a, 3b, 8k, 100
i K
38 439
18, 20, 25, -3k 18 X 3K 20 25

K 250
27
K 9 25925925925
5, 12, 15, 8k 5 8K 12 15

K 1488 4 50

5m, -2k, 83 , 33
7 5M 2K
1
K SMX 3 8 1 8 38
18, k, 40.50 K 18 40.50 729
K 27

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

27
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

85. Find 4th proportional to 18, 26, 90

Let 4ᵗʰ proportional to 18 be m
26,90
M are in proportion
18,26 90
i 18m 26 90
m 130
4ᵗʰ proportional 90 is 130
i to 18,26
86. Find 4 proportional to 32 , 78 ,11 9
th

Let 4ᵗʰ proportional to be a

i product of extremes product of means

1
i 4ᵗʰ proportional to is

87. Find third proportional to 12, 40

Let third proportional to 12,40 be m
12M 1600
i
9 me 16 4 133.33333

12M 40 40 133

88. Find Mean proportional to 12, 100

Let mean proportional to 12 100 be m

i 12 M 100 must be in proportion

m 1200

M 34 6410161513

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

28
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

Properties of Proportion

a c
89. If a, b, c, d are in proportion then b = d
then
If then

Invertendo
f
If then as per Invertendo

If 9 E
Adding l on both sides

9 1 E 1

Componendo
atf II
3 12 8
If then

If 9 f
subtracting from both sides
1
I I

Dividend
then
f Id
14
If then
79
CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

29
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

If then

of
91 4
d
eth eth
9
If

componendo Dividend
91 Etf
If then

ad be
then Alternendo

If 3
32 then

If then
9T IIT
Addendo
If then
I f I
L 3 f 9 0 1 980

If
9 then
f
subtrahend o

153 88 8
8

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

30
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

90. If p, q, r, s are in proportion i.e.

(qp)= ( sr ) then
(q) ( s )
1. p = r Invertendo

( p) ( )
2. q = sr = q + s
p+r
Addendo

( p) ( ) p-r
3. q = sr = q - s = s - q
r-p
Subtrahendo

( p) ( )
4. r = sq Alternendo

q )=( s )
(p+q r+s
5. Componendo

q ) =( s )
( p-q r-s
6. Dividendo

( p+q ) ( )
r+s
7. p-q = r-s componendo
Dividendo
36 3 36 3
84 7 84 3 39 33 Addend
subtrahen

a c
91. If =
b d then
I E GI Addendo
Subtrahend o
5 15 Addendo &
f 9 Subtrahendo

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

31
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

92. If ( 7 = (8 = (13 Find value of ( 10a+11b-3c

(a (b c ( =?
(
2b

Given
Fs
10 3 loat 1lb 3C Addendo
70 88 39 Subtrahendo

loathb 3C 2
119 2

109 1lb 3C
2 b

re 9 72 5 88 c 132
Eg
loath b 3C 10672 11 82 3 132
2b 2 82

or 882 392
162

93. If 20 = 13 Find value of ( 3b

a b 7a + 12b (
attab
If 296

79 125 3b 79 6
239,6
290 Jg 3

K a 20k b 13k

20k 12 1312
79514 3 134
3996 296
39

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

32
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

a = b = c then Find value of (3a + 2b - c

94. If 30
(
60 147 b

m
7

30m boom c 147m

3at2b c
b
39 26 C

63 3 30m 2 60m 147 m

39 26 C 60m
i
b
1
95. If 3 = 8 = 5 Find value of (12a +7c
a b c 8b - 2c (
1 8 129 85 2C
of 36 64 10

129 8D 2C 7
36 64 10

129 85 2C go
a I
a 3m b 8m c SM

129 86 2C 12 3m 8 8m 2 Sm
c Sm

98m S
CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

33
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

96.
a c e a+c e
( (
a+c-e
b = d = f = b+d= f = b+d-f ( (
(b - d ( ( f ( ( b - d - f (
= a-c = e = a-c-e

4 5 25 + 4 ( 25 - 4 ( (
5 25 - 4 - 5 (
100 = 16 = 20 = 100 + 16 = 100 - 16 = 20 = 100 - 16 - 20 = 64 = 4
25 16 1 ( (

97. If 8a = 20
b = c then a 3a + 2b - c
35 8=
True / False
9

8 m

i a 8m b 20m C 35m

L 4 S
81 m

39 25 C
368m 2 20m 35m
R H S
g 9

24m 40M 35M 29

g

AS L H S R.H.si

Given statement is False

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

34
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices
3
a=c a
3
+ c
3
(a+c)
98. If b d then 3 3 = 3
b +d (b+d)
Correct / incorrect

Given

Taking cube on both sides

151 1513

f III

Taking cube on both sides

197 15 1 I
is 0

From EMS
93 19 13
63 43 bt d 3
i Given statement is correct

L H S 53 103
I 113 223
R H's 15 1013
1915 11 2233 38 3 If
CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

35
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

99. Some Imp formulae from School

2
1. (a + b) = atb atb
= a t abt bat b
2
(a + b) = a b Zab
2
2. (a - b) = a b a b a ab ab t b a tb zab
2 2
3. (a + b ) = atb zab a b zab
3
4. (a + b) = atb atb atb
= a tb t zab atb
= a ta b aft b 292 b 2ab
3
(a + b) = 93 63 3a b 3ab a tb t3ab at b
3 3
5. (a + b ) = atb Bab atb
3
6. (a - b) = a b a b a b
= a b a b zab
= 93 ab 292 b a b b 2ab
= 93 63 395 392 b
= 93 53 3ab b a a b 3ab a b
2
7. (a + b + c) = 92 5 2 zab t abc zac
2
8. (a - b + c) = a tb tc Zab 2bc Zac
2
9. (a - b - c) = a tb c Zab 2bc 29C
2 2
10. (a - b ) = atb a b

abf af
2 2
11. (a - b) (a + ab + b ) = a a a b b
= 93 53
3 3
(a - b ) = a b a tab b
3 3
12. (a + b ) = atb a ab b
2
13. (a - b) = atb Gab
2 2
14. (a + b) + (a - b) = 2 92 5

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

36
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices
th 8 , 3 , 3m
100. Find 4 proportional to 11 22 19

Let 4ᵗʰ proportional be K

i k in proportion
I
are
2

product of extremes product of means

8
48
K
i
If
4ᵗʰ proportional to 3
is 9
4
101. Find mean proportional to 62.50, 10
Let mean proportional be se
62.50 2 10 are in proportion
of middle product of extremes

22 62 50 10 625
ii 2 25

i Mean proportional to 62.50 10 is 25

102. Find fourth proportional to -4, -6, -9

Let 4ᵗʰ proportional to se

i 4 6 9 2 are in proportion
i 4 a 6 9

a 27 13.50
2

4th proportional to 4 6 9 is 13.50

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

37
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

Logarithms (Logs)
103. Log of a number consists of 2 parts
Integer Part = Characteristic
Fractional / Decimal Part = Mantissa
. Log x = (Characteristic of x + Mantissa of x)
. Log x

characteristic of a Mantissa of se
Integer part Fractional part

From
table
If 2 1 If osies log
No of digits No of zeros
I immediately after 1 BAR
before decimal
point decimal point

283.06 characteristic of mantissa

Log 283.6 of 283.6
3 1 0.4527
Log 28306 2 0.4527 2.4527

28.36 I 0.4527 1.4527

Log
2.836 0 0.4527 004527
Log
7 7.000 0 0.8451 0 8451
Log Log
CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

38
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

104.
x Characteristic of x Mantissa of x Log x
786.89 3 1 2 0.8959 2.8959
78.33 2 1 1 0.8940 1.8940
2358.00 4 1 3 0.3726 3 3726
29.98 2 1 1 0.4769 1.4769
711.68 3 1 2 0.8523 2.8523
859.63 3 1 2 0.9343 2.9343
10.00 2 1 1 00000 1.0000
100.00 3 1 2 0.000 2
939.8 3 1 2 0.9731 2.9731
2,35,288.00 6 1 5 0.3717 5.3717
8.000 1 1 0 0.9031 0 9031
893.6 3 1 2 0 9512 2.9512
28.11 2 1 1 0.4489 1.4489
636363.3 6 1 5 0.8038 5.8038
211.93 3 1 2 0.3261 2.3261
71.77 2 1 1 0.8559 1.8559
8.123 1 1 0 0 9098 0.9098
11.263 2 1 1 0.0515 1.0515
1.093 1 1 0 0.0386 0.0386
3.861 1 1 0 0.5867 0.5867
6.000 1 1 0 0.7782 0 7782
5.000 1 1 0 0.6990 0.6990
7,00,000.00 6 1 5 0.8451 5.8451
70,000 5 1 4 0.8451 4.8451
7000 4 1 3 0.8951 3.8451
700 3 1 2 0.8451 2.8451

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

39
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

x Characteristic of x Mantissa of x Log x

70 2 1 I 0.8451 1.8451

7 000 1 1 0 0.8451 0.8451

0.70 0.8451 8184s

0.1549
0.070 I 0.8451 I 8451
2 0 8951
1.1549
0.0070 0.8451 5.8451
5
3 0.8451
2 1549
0.0008263 I 0.9172 5.9172
4 0.9172
3.0828
8 009 1 1 0 0.9036 0.9036
105.
1. Log 89.53 = It 0.9519 1.9519
2. Log 63.33 = It 0.8016 1.8016
3. Log 998.6 = 2 009999 2.9994
4. Log 0.3963 = T t 0.5980 T 5980 1 0.5980
004020
5. Log 0.000005822 = 6 0.7650 6 7650
6 0.7650 5.2350
6. Log 0.009981 = 3 0.9991 370 9991
2 0009

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

40
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

106. Find Log8 23 = Log of 23 to the base 8.

23 10923 Log a
Log 8 Log 8
1.3617
0.9031
1 50780644446
107. Log50 2086 = 1092086 3.3194
SO 1.6990
Log
1.95373749264

108. Logb a = Loga 109M

Log nm
Logb Logh
1086 1091086 3.0359
Log 81 0981 1.9085
1.59072570081

109. Log10 81 =
Log81 1.9085
1.9085
to 1 0000
log 1.6990 1 1.6990
Log 1050 Logso Loglo
10 common Base of Logs
e Exponential factor 2.7183 Natural Base

110. Log10 28 = 20928 1.4472 1 4472

Log to 1
Log10 100 = Log 100 Log to 2
1 2 0000

Log10 1000 = 1000 3 1 3

Log Loglo
mthenzm.se
If Logb a = k; then b a
iflogse
CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

41
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices
0.9031
111. Log10 8 = 0.9031 10 =8

m
If Logq p = m; then q = p

10981 1.9085 2.1133 82.1133

81
Logg 1098 0.9031
112. A. Log 2.8381 = 688.9
A. Log 3.8381 = 6889.00 Logs 0.6990
A. Log 1.3379 = 21.77
Log 0.6990
A 5.000
A. Log 3.2263 = 1684.00
A. Log 5.8893 = 775000.00
A Log 0.6990 5
A. Log 6.1193 = 1316000.00
5
A. Log 2.1156 = 130.5 A
log Logs
A. Log 0.0891 = k
1.227 i
logfogk
A
A. Log 0.0063 = 1 015
A. Log 5.89993 = 794100
Logs 0 6990
4 1090.6990 0.6990
12330000 Log
A Log 7.0909
A Log 10.8122 6489 107 Log A logm m

113. Log10 234 = 2.3692

Crosscheck : 10
2.3692
= 234
If Logyse m then

ym se
y
114. If Logz x = y; then z = x

Log 55.332 = 1 7429

A.Log 7.8122 = 64890000
A.Log 10.1198 = 13170000000 1317 107
Log 2386579 = 6 3779

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

42
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

115. Log 5 = 0.6990 , Log 2 = 0.3010 , Log 10 = 1.000

I 0 6990 0.3010

2
Logo Logs Log

Log 5
2
Logs Logs

i mxn
Log
n
Logm Log

116. Log (xyz) =

Logset Logy Logz

Log (abcd) =
Loga Logb Loge Logd

117. Find Value of m; if m = 8 x 5

m=8x5
on both sides
Taking Log
5
Logm Log 8
know
Loga Logb
we ab
Log
0.6990
i
Logm Log 8 Logs 0.9031
Log m 1.6021
Taking A Log on both sides
A A 1 6021 40.00
log Logm Log
m 40
CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

43
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

118. Log 23 1.3617 A.Log (1.3617) 23.00

Log 100 2.0000 A.Log 2.0000 100.00

A
Log Log
25 A Log 1.3979 25.00

A Log 2.1111 Log 129.1 2.1109

Log

A.Log (log m) = m

Log (A.Log k) = k = A.Log (log k)

Log2 16 = ?

M
Log 216 209216 209216 20926
10916 2M 16 10916 20916
1092 2M 24 Log 2 Log 2
m 4 10924 1.20417090756
4092 0.30103312099
4
4 Log216 4.1094
4
Logm Logk
Enter m in 4
calculator
is times
Deduct I
14230.9635
Multiplyby
CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

44
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

119.
Log 29 Log 29
Take 29 on calculator = 1.46247314138
is times
Deduct I Log re
Multiply by 1 4230.9635 Enter x
1 5 times
You will get answer Deduct I
on calculator Multiply by 14230.9635

You will get answer

120. Find By using calculator

Log 22.22 = 1 34680785472
Log 819.9 = 2 91405945338
Log 234234 = 5 3706637312
Log 81998 = 4 91465228688
Log 35.86 = 1 55469533494
Log 0.00008122 = f 4 08974993369
Log 0.5693 = 0 24465687446
Log 8.007 = 0 90349839919
A.Log 2.5122 = 325 07072328
A.Log 0.8163 = 6 5505 284 5147
A.Log 0.20 = 1 58488763077
A.Log 5.2081 = 161118 85027

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

45
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

121. Log 22.22

By using Log-table By using Calculator

characteristic Mantissa Enter 22 22
of a ofe I istimes
2 1 0.3468 Deduct 1

I 0.3468 Multiply by 14230.9635

1.3468 1.34680785472

122. How to find Log x on How to find A.Log (y) on

calculator? calculator?
Enter a

I Istimes Enter
y
Deduct 1 Divide by 14230.9635
14230.9635 Add I
Multiply by
is times

b
2 0.30103312099
How to find a on calculator? Log
Enter a A Log 0 30103312099
IT 12 times 2.0000
Deduct 1
b
Multiply by
Add I
12 times

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

46
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

123. Please solve the following by using calculator.

1) Log 589.3 = 2 77060636046
2) Log 863.6 = 2 93 661581515
3) Log 0.000008153 = 5 08 7 77 3 66557
4) Log 813692 = 5 91 68824758
5) A.Log 2.3691 = 233 831154327
6) A.Log 0.8886 = 7 73698743132
1.36
7) 85 = 420 240316097

124.
1) Log x = (Characteristic of x) + (Mantissa of x)
Integer Part characteristic
Fractional Part Mantissa
2) A.Log (Log k) = K Log A log k
5.2381
A Log Log 83 83 Log A log 5.2381
3) Common Base : 10 as
Log 1010 1
Natural Base : e where e exponential Factor
2 7183 approx
4) If Logb a = k, then bk a
Log10 100 = 2, Log10 1000 = 3, Log10 1 = 0 i 0
Logal
5) Logb a = Loga Logb provided a I

6) Log (a x b) =
Log a Logb
7) Logm (xyz) =
Log me Logmy Log m

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

47
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices
5
125. Log (2) = 2X 2 2 2 2
Logs Logz Logz Logz
S
Log Logz
Log 5 = S Logs
2
Log (2) = s Log 2 Log mn no Logm
b
13 Logie
Log (a) = b
Loga Log a

2
2 2x2 2-5 1 5 3
126. 5 2x2x2x2x2 =
-3
2 =2 = 3 22 2
2 2

810 1 1
1
-m m
0 a = m OR a = -m
a a
m -m
3 OR a x a = 1 amttml ao
100
6
64 = 2 =
6
64 2

a
127. Log ( b )=
Log ax Log ax
f
ax b
1 5
Log Loga Log
Logat f Logb
1
Loga Logb
a
Log ( b ) Logb
Loga
xy
128. Log ( z ) =
Log ay Logz
Logoe Logy Logz
129. Log ( ab) = Log Cd
cd Log ab
a
Log b Logo Logd
Log
d
Loga Logb Logo Log
CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

48
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

-m
130. Log a = m Loga 9
z
Log x = 2 1098 Log Logge
Logo
Logb a x Logc b= Loga Logb
Logca
Logb Toge
Loga a = 1 provided a I

( Any Number
0 )= undefined Not defined

(Any Number
0
)= 0 Zero

8
024 V3
Logg Log2564
8
Log 3
1091024
20981 Log 64

109210 Log 34
Log34 Log 26

10Look Hogs 35
4 Logy f Logy
10
8 3

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

49
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

131. Summary of Logs

a
characteristic of a Mantissaofse 12. Log b = Loga
1. Log x = ________________________________ ( (
______________
Logb
b
characteristic
2. Integer part : ________________ b
13. Log a = ____________
Loga
Mantissa
Fractional part : ______________
x -b
3.Badders
Log y = (Log x / Log y) b
14. Log a = _______________
Loggae Loga
4. Common base : ______
10 15. Logb a x Loga b = 1
Exponential Factor
Natural base : e = ________________
= 2.7183 (approx.) 16. Logb a x Logc b = Logc a
5. A.log (log y) = y = Log (A.log y )
17. Log ab
c( (
mn a
6. If Logm a = n then ___________ = Log a + Log b - Log c

y
7. If x = z then ____________2 y

Log se
y 18. Logz x
Log x
y
y. Log x
= Log z = Log z
8. Log10 10 = 1, Log10 100 = 2
Log10 1 = 0
Log 01000
3
Log 0,000 419 If mn j

9. Loga 1 = 0 I then n
provided a
Logm
20
10. Log (abc) = ________________________
Loga Logb Logo Log m

Logie Logy Logm Logh

11. Logm (xy) = __________________________
mse
Log Logmy

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

50
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

132. Log16 64 = ?

40964 Log 43 3 Logy

6
Log Loggz 2 Logy
1.50

133. Log4 243 =

27

109243 Log 35 5
Log
Log 413 Log 33 Log

5 43 6.66666666 6

134. Log 7
81 =
4 243

Log 2 51 409 134 Logs

Log Log 3 Log

4 0.45714285714

135. Log 9 5
11 =
121

Log IT Logan's Logi

Loggy
I
Logging Logit
0.90

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

51
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

136. Log(7/8) x = 3. Find the value of x.

If a K then bk a
Log
i
EP x
43
8 Find the value of m.
137. Log m = 11
2

If Log a K then bk a

8 11
E m
1
m 212 2 2

138. Logn m x Logp n x Logm p =

Logm 9h Log p
1.00
Logh Logp Logm

139. Log 3 8
x = 13. Find the value of x.

13
Log 22
2 213 8192

140. Log 81 x Log 512

4 27 716 20934 Log 29
Log33 Log 4
10981 BE 4 109 3
I Look 2
Log 2
2092176 Logs
g Logy
4 IT
42
CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

52
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

141. Basic Rules of Indices

5
28 23
3 5
1) a. 2 x 2 = 2 2 2 2x 2 2 2 2
3 5
2 x 2 = 23 5 28 sem an semth
3 4
b) 5 x 5 = 5 5 5 X S SXS S 57
3 4 4
5 x5 = 53 57
p q (p+q)
x xx =x
... am x an = a
mth

2. 34 = 31
8
34 3 34 3 3 3 3
34 1378
4
3
4 31 4 31
m z
an = m n xm m
a x
= a
a

34
3. (2 ) = 23 23 23 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2

212 273 4
mn mn
(a ) = a

q
mn
4. [(a ) ] mnq x y z (x+y+z)
= (a) 5. a x a x a = a

1
m
I 8 123 23 2 2
6. a = a
m
243 243 135 35 31 3

4 4 21
3
6
7. 26 = 3
2
23 2
f 4 4 4 2 2 2

1m
a = 1-m 3
-m m m -m
a = OR OR a xa =1 2
a a

2 9 fey a

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

53
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices
5 5
8. 32 =
32 25
2 =
20 I
102
x y
1 10 I

9. If a = a then x = y i number I
x x
10. If a = b then a = b Any

m m 1
11. a n = (a )n = n a
m If 2M 25 m S
5
87 = 7 8
5
If 82 m then m 8

1
12. a = a, a = 1
0
138 36 3 8

4 4
13. 6 = (2 x 3) = 1296

64 2 3 24 34 16 81 1296
2 3 24 34 a b M amx bm
()
6 3 = 27
14. 2 ( )
ab m=
15. c
cm
27 amx bm

am bM c m

28 2 28th 219 833 91 8

58

10 10
10
104 1,0

4 15
8
105 110

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

54
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

142. Rules of Indices

m n
1. a x a = a Mtn
x
2. a x a x a = a
y z
tytz
m m
3. a n = bn = m n
m n b
a a b

x k
4. (a x b) = a be (xyz) = 2k
sek.gr
m m
a
( (
5. b = 9mm am 5m ( (
xy =
z
aem.YM
esem.ym.IM
zM
6. (a
xy
) = 929 99ᵗʰ {(m ) { =
pq r
m
P4r

7. (a1/m) =
Eat f P
-m
8. a =
4m
OR a = 1-x
x

a
OR
p
a xa =1
-p
apt go
aPx
1 0
9. a = a, a = 1

x/y y x m/n m
10. a = a x =n x aem

-1/m 1 = 1 8
11. a = 1/m
a
m
a 28 82 289
x y
12. If a = a then 36 362
x
13. If a = b then a
x
se
y
b
4
b c
a=
14. a xd a = btc d 16. m b
a a
b
15. a e x af =
c
btc e f
a xa a
1 IF
CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

55
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

3 8 9
143. 2 x (16) x ( 2) =
9
23 12418 21 23 232 2

3 32 4.50 50
42,39
2 2
425
8 -12 16 18
144. 3 x 3 x ( 3) x ( 3 3) =
12 16 18
38 3 31 2 313

38 3
12
38 36
12 8 6
13,8 3 59049

a-b b-c c-a

145. x .x .x
b 4 20 1
x
Please rembemer Any Number 1.00
2 2 2 2 2 2
a-b a +ab+b b-c b +bc+c c-a c +ac+a
146. (x ) . (x ) . (x )

a b at abt b a Pt beta a et acta

xp peg
b B a B
a e a ago
I

[ [
9 -5/2 -7/2
147. ( 2) x 16 x 64 E 124 126
11/2 =
32
125711 2
20 2 42 2
292 2 2
E
2 E 12510
15
25512
CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

56
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

148. 9 ] 3 4 ]1/8

4 4 14 122
8
21 2
1086
[ [
9
149. 81/4 x 321/8
16
1024

8
27
8
3
e 2
5 E 122754

210 46

425

[ [
42
-9
150. 7
3 x 14
81 x (27)
16
2438/7

4
35 134 131
13985

35 3533

y 1433394
1
4 3339

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

57
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices
11 17
8 2 -8 2
151. [ 3 4 [ x [ 9 32 [
8

245 as s

15 8 4 8

24 121
12598 1256
98
2 a 12
1
1
9
25 25 4 2
76 69

152. Log 8 512 =

5 64

8
1098 512 09 29
Log of Ys
Log 126
98
409 2
1092
Log 2
Logs 8 8 48
153. Log 18 729 =
8 81
8
10918729 Log 136 4093
8 81
Log 1 Log 34 1093

IE
CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

58
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

[
154. Log 316 x Log 9 2187
Log ( 3 ( x Log 15 1024
19
[
9
24
Log Log 137
2107415
Log 1342 Log
109 2 Log

1093 Logz

155. If Log 2 = x, Log 3 = y. Find Log (1.20)

a. 2x + 3y - 1 b. 2x + y - 1 c. x + y + 3 d. None

Logto
1 20 12
Log Log Log

Log 2 2 3 Logo Logs Logs Log Loglo

set 1 1
set
y zaety
Answer to Question Logy Logs Logo
1 4 3
Zoety 22092 Logs Logo Log 2091.20
156. If Log 2 = x, Log 3 = y. Find Log (7.20)
7.20 20972 Logo Log 9 8 I
Log Log
Logg Log 8 I 10932 Log23 I 2.1093 3.1092 1
29 32 1 32 29 1
157. If Log3/2 x = -5. Find the value of x.
s
Log s
E x x 3 333

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

59
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

If Log a k then bk a

bm
1 L am

158. Logx 16 = Log9 64. Find the value of x.

64
Loge's Log
Log 16 40964
Logge Log g

4 2092 6 Logz
Logze Logg
G Logoe 4 Logg
3 Logse 2
Logg 20981
Loga 20981 109 81 Log 37
3
Log se Log 35
se 34 3 OR 3 54 3 81
159. Log2 Log2 Log216 = ?
= 109216
0921092

= 1092109214
2
Log 409,4 209 49 3 20922 1.00

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

60
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

160. Logx9 = 8. Find value of x x

se.be
9 8
Log se set
28 9
sides
Taking 8th root
on both

48 23 2
28 g 2
314 314
132748
33 8 8135
8 5
161. Logx27 = 81. Find value of 3 x x 5 x

27 81
Log t's
281 27
set sets µ
27 sets 13
2 331481 5
1
27
37 405 38
a 13
Question 27 4 Find value of a
Log
2 4
d Fe
Log
33
337
i 24 27

a 27 33 38
se 33 3
3
8 3
2
13,8

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

61
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

162. Log3x = 4. Find value of ( x)x

4 ve
Logs
1181781 981 32181
i 34 2
162
a 81 3

163. Log7 2 (32)-5 = m. Find m

s
Log 32 0912525
i
m
on

17s

E 7
m 25

M 175

164. Log 9 (8 81)8 =

243

Log 815118 4.2093

Log 9 53 Log
8
36 5
Log 8148 4
9
7.20

Log 243749
209 34
Log 3

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

62
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

165. 5 Log x = 12 Log 5 30 . Find the value of x

5 Logse Log 150

Logies Log 304s
0
Log as Log 30
A log Log30410
A log logos
25 30410

e 30 0

se 30 5030
Log516 x Log8125 x Log7243
166. Log 7 729

Log 16 Log 12s

Logs Logs
Log 729
Log B

5 1097
4 1092 3 95 Log
Logs 3
Log Log g 1093
4 5
1 6 E

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

63
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

167. Log 5 x = 3. Find value of (x x 5 x )

a 3 2
Logy
i a 5
3
s SE
se 5 53 5
a 5
5 5 s

s s
55
1953125
168. If a2 + b2 = 50 & ab = 20. Find value of (a+b)2
at b at 5 Zab
So 2 20 so 40 90
Question If ab
atb 35 so Find at
f s
169. Log2 Log2 Log2 Log2 x = 0. Find x. cross check

0
Log 09,1092 0922 Log Log Log 209216
Log 409,209,2 2 I Log Log 20924
I 2
Log Log 2 Log 10922
Log g 22 4
10921
i Log of 4
O
i se 24
a 16

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

64
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

170. Logax = a then x = ?

a se
Log are i a

Q If 3 Find a
Logge Logg
Logse Loga Logs 3 Log
3 1093 4 Logy 3
Logae Log 3
171. Log(1 + 2 + 3) = Log1 + Log2 + Log3
a. True b. False
1 2 3
1 2 3 Log 6 Log Logi Logs Log
Log
Given statement is correct

172. Log(5 + 6 + 7) = Log5 + Log6 + Log7

a. True b. False
L H S Log 5 6 7 Log 8
R H S Logs Logo Log
7 210
Log SX 6
Log
L H S R H S
Given statement is incorrect
173. Log2x + Log8x + Log32x = 23
5
Find value of x.
355 3
I Loga IS
3
is Loga 5 Logze 9 Log 2 5
IS Logz IS Logz 3 2
Logoe 3.1092
Is Logset 5 Logoe 3 Loga Loga Log 8
15.1092
2,3 2 8

[email protected]
I
CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes

65
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

174. Log 5 = 0.6990

Log 3 = 0.4771
109 30,000
ORG
Find value of Log ( 3,00,000
50
(
109 3 10,000

8,000 Log so 109300,000

Log Logs Logs Log 0,000
1.6990 5.4771
3.7781 0.6990 0.9771 4
3 7781
175. Find Log ( 0.003
2000 ( If Log2 0.3010 2093 0.4771

003 1092000 5.4771 3.3010

Log Logo
3 0.4771 3.3010 5.8239

Log 8 Log 2 0,000

Logs Logo00,000
0.4771 6.3010
5.8239
176. If 2s : 3t is duplicate ratio of (2s-p) : (3t-p) then
a. p2 = 6st b. p = 6st c. 2p = 3st d. None of these

45 p 4524ps p2
3 3 9 Gpt p
13 pj2

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

66
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

25 9t Gpt p 3t 45 4ps p
18 Es 12 pts 2ps 1254 12 pts 3tp
18 25 128T 3tp 2ps
Gst 3 25 p 3t 25

p Gst
177. A
3 =
B C Find A : B : C = ?
8 = 7
a. 7 : 8 : 3 b. 3 : 8 : 7 c. 8 : 7 : 3 d. None of these

i A B 3 8 B C 8

i A B C 3 8 7

178. Anand earns `5000 in 6 hours & Vinod earns `7000 in 8 hours.
Find ratio of their earning per hour.
Anand vinod
Earning per hour 50600 70800

5000 6
Ratio of earning 5 0
000 8 6
42
per hour 20 21
179. Monthly income of A, B is in the ratio of 5:6 & monthly expenses
are in the ratio of 9:11. If both of them save `50 p.m.
Find their incomes. 52 50
62 so
Monthlyincome Monthlysaving
eIp 552 550 542 450
Sae so 52 50
100
IF Gae so 62 so

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

67
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

i monthly incomes of
88
Ssr ggy 550 Incomes are
999 450
say A Sae 500

se 100 B 62 600

180. Duplicate ratio of sub-duplicate ratio of 8:9 is

a. 64:81 b. 9:8 c. 128:162 d. None of these
Duplicate ratio of sub dopli ratio of 8 g 8 9
181. What least number should be added to each one of 6, 14, 18, 38
to make them in proportion?
a. 5 b. 3 c. 2 d. 4
in poop
6 2 14 2 18 2 38 2 i e 8,16 20,40 are

182. Raja can walk certain distance in 50 days if he takes rest for 9 hrs
per day. How long it will take him to walk twice as far if he walks
twice as fast and rests twice as long each day?
a. 125 days b. 50 days c. 100 days d. None

New
original
walking speed seems hr 22 Kms hr

Rest per day 9 hrs 18 hrs

walking per day 24 9 24 18

15 has 6 hrs
Kms 6 22
Dist per day 152 122 kms
15002 Answer
NO_of days so
12 12 5
Total Distance 152 so
15002
traveled sore

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

68
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

183. 3, x, 27, y are in continued proportion then x : y = ?

a. 9:1 b. 1:9 c. 1:27 d. 3:1
27 y are in continued pooph
3,2
Eg
184. Log1/9 243 = x. Find x

If Log a k then bk a

2 35
i
f 243 3
22
35 3 35
22 5
se 5 2.50
2
185. Log2x + Log4x + Log16x = 21
4 then x = ?
a. 7 b. 8 c. 9 d. 10

4 Logy Logze 3
Logae
4 Logz 24 0 2 4 Logz Logz
Logo 3.1092
Loga Loge Log23
4 2092 Loga Log 8
Logoe i.se 8
Logs
186. Loga3 = 2, Logb8 = 3; then Logba = ?
a. Log32 b. Log23 c. Log34 d. Log43

3 2 3 9 31 2
Log a

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

69
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

3 β 8 23 b 2
Log D8
4093
Logba 4 98 Logg23 4 32
2 Log2

1093 4093
Logzz 20943
Loga

187. Find x if Logx10 + Logx100 + Logx1000 = 6

a. 10 b. 2 c. 4 d. 6
Log1010 1 2 3 6
2
Log 10100 se 10
101000 3
Log
188. 2 Log a + 3 Log b - 2 = 0 the a2b3 = ?
a. 104 b. 103 c. 102 d. None of these
2 3 Logb 2
Loga
Logb
2
Loga
Log a B
2

a b 102
189. Log2 [ Log2 {Log3(Log3273)}] = ?
a. 12 b. 1 c. 0 d. 2
3
1092409 109 109,2

9
1092109 109 43
CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

70
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

Log 09 20939

I 0 Zero
Log 09,2 Log

190. 2 Log x = 4 Log 4 then x = ?

2 Logoe 4 Logy
Logae 2.1094
Logo Log 42
6 2 16
Logie Log
191. Age of a person is twice the sum of ages of his 2 sons &
5 years ago his age was 3 times the sum of ages of his 2 sons, his
present age is _____________ years
a. 60 b. 52 c. 51 d. 50

A person's sum of ages of 22 5 3 2 10

age his 2 sons
22 5 32 30
22 se 25 se
present
i 2 25
s years 22 5 a s s
before D 10 His present age
22 so years

192. Sum of 2 numbers is 45 and the mean proportional between

them is 18. The numbers are :
a. 15,30 b. 32,13 c. 36,9 d. 25,20
as 36 9 45 36 9 324

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

71
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

Let numbers are sedy

as
sety
2 18 y are in proph sey 18 324

193. If (7p+3q) : (3p-2q)= 2:1 then p:q = ?

p 79
3814
7 1 OR
pt 39 Gp 44 I 1

194. If Loga23 = b then ab 23

a. a23 = b b. ba = 23 c. b23 = a d. ab = 23

If Log a then set a

y
195. The angles of a triangle are in the ratio of 2 : 29 : 5 then
Find the angles :
Let the angles be 22 292,52

f
astage so 180 are
Angles
362
se
180
s
Iffy
196. a2 + b2 = 45, ab = 18. Find a1 + b
1
( (
at a tb zab
atb 45 25187 81

at b 9 0.50
2
197. If a .Log3x = b.Log27x then
a. a = 3 b. 3a2 = b c. b2 = 3a d. None of these

92 Logx b 209 at
Logs 3 20
93
392 b

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

72
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

198. Mr. A says to his son ‘7 years before 1 was 7 times as old as you were’
and 3 years later I shall be 3 times as old as you will be. Find present age
of Mr. A’s son :
a. 12 years b. 15 years c. 5 years d. 7 years
2 y 7

Mr A Mr A's son 2 7 79 49
x 7y 42
presentage se y
oct 31 3 yt3
2 7 y
years before 3 9
2 39
3 Years later sets ytz
2 39 6

y 42
of_ G present age of Mr.A's son
2139
12 years 12
49 48
y
199. One third of one half of three fourth of a number is 60, the number is :
a. 480 b. 520 c. 500 d. None

3 x x 60

a 60 2 4 480

2 2
200. x + y = 14xy then 2 Log 4 + Log x + Log y = ?
a. 12 Log(x+y) b. 2 Log (x+y) c. Log (x+y) d. None
2 2094 Logoe Logy
x ty may Log 6 Logoe Logy
setup zoey 1429 229
Log 16dg
rety 1629 Log sety 2 Logfety

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

73
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

201. (2p2q3r2)0 = ?
a. 0 b. 1 c. 4p4q6r4 d. None
number
Any
202. x1/p = y1/q = z1/r and xyz = 1 then (p+q+r) = ?
a. 1 b. 0 c. 12 d. None
P I
2 K Xyz
yP
YP KP a
KP.K9 KZ I
K KP Pt 4 2
K R
y y
K Z Kt Pta t r 0
2
203. ax = b, by = c, cz = a; then xyz = ?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. None
ORG ad b
xyz
a2 b by_
a be b EYE I
a 1.00
y
a 912 9 a Heyz
I
xyz
I 2
19
204. Log 2 3 1728 = m then m = ?
a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. None
728 m
Log
1253 1728 64 27 26 33
26 V3 26 V36
B
2B 12 B m 6

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

74
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices
m
a
205. a-m = ?
a. 1 b. -1 c. 0 d. None
am am
m
amtm 92m
am
206. a:b = 2:5, b:c = 15:46, c:d = 92:200 then a:d = ?
a. 2:3 b. 3:192 c. 1:100 d. None

9 E E
3 50

a d is compounded ratio of a b b c Cid

207. Log4(x2+x) - Log4(x+1) = 2, then x = ?

a. 16 b. 4 c. 8 d. None

Log setae Logge 11 2

As
2 Logma Logh
209,1 1 Logm
2
4094 1 1 2 Logan
se 42 16
208. Characteristic of 7.128 is
a. 6 b. 8 c. 0 d. None
characteristic of 7.128 No_of digits
before decimal point
I
1 1 0
x x-1 x
209. 2 - 2 = 4 then x = ?
a. 2 b. 1 c. 64 d. 27
1
22 22 4 22 4 2 8 23
24 29 4 2 3

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

75
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

a
241 2 33 27

24 4

210. 2 kinds of rice, 1st costs `13 per kg & 2nd costs `19 per kg are
mixed together. Find in what ratio they are mixed so that mixture
costs `14.20 per kg?
a. 3:1 b. 4:1 c. 3:4 d. 4:3

19
13perky perky Total cost of of

legs y legs
Rtg keys Iffust
y y 132 19g 14.20 Get y
132 199 14.202 14.204
pety legs
4 1.202
809
9
i 4
4 1
1 -1

211. If x = 3 + 3 then 3x3 - 9x = ?

3 3

a. 15 b. 10 c. 12 d. None
we know
se 3 3
atb a tb 3ab at b
Taking cube on both sides

x 3 3

x 33 3 t 3 33 5 35 53
1 t
x 3 3 3 e

x 3 13 131 2
323 9 1 are i 323 92 10

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

76
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

212. Commensurable ratio = If ratio of 2 or more terms can be

written in the form of Ratio of Integers
then it is said to be a Commensurable Ratio

213. Incommensurable Ratio OR Non-Commensurable Ratio

If ratio of 2 or more terms cannot be written in the form of Ratio of
integers then it is said to be a Incommensurable ratio.
OR Non commensurable
214. Ratio Commensurable / Incommensurable Ratio
5 : 18 As it is a ratio of integers It is
a commensurable ratio
8.50 : 3.50 8 50 3.50 85 35 17 7
AS 8.50 3 So can be written in the form
of Ratio of integers It is commensurable
ratio
8.15 : 2.221 8 15 2.221 8150 2221
AS 8.15 2.221 can be written in the form of
Ratio of integers It is commensurable ratio

5.8361 : 3 5 8361 3 58361 30000

AS 5.8361 3 can be written in the form of
Ratio of integers It is commensurable ratio
5: 7 2 23606797799 2.64575131106

V5 V7 can not be written in the

form of Ratio of integers

i V5 V7 is incommensurable or

Non commensurable ratio

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

77
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

215.
25 : 64 It can be written as 5:8
... Commensurable ratio
50 : 450
I 3
at a
i V50 V50 is a commensurable ratio

147 : 75

II III 3

YET FEEL
commensurable ratio
S

i V7 VTS is a

8 13 : 9 23 8 9 25 29

i 8 a is a commensurable ratio

8 17 : 1123 245
84 11
57 38 171

i 8 11 is a commensurable ratio

5 : 10
1 E
XYZ
IB YTo is incommensurable ratio

5
100 : 196 VToo V76 10 14 7

i Too Fab is a commensurable ratio

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

78
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

216. 2 whole numbners whose sum is 100 cannot be in the

ratio of _______
a. 16:9 b. 3:4 c. 3:7 d. 4:1
64,36 42.85 57.15 30,70 80,20
217. Divide `61,000 among a,b,c such that a & b get in the ratio of 2:5
and b & c get in the ratio of 3:8.
a b 2 S 6 15 61000
a's share 6,000
b c 3 8 15 40
b's share 61000 15,000
a b c 6 15 40
c's share
1,1 61000 40,000

1 1

218. 2 x23 2 =
3 5

E
43 1 E 5
1251
4 5
2

219. A & B together can finish the work in 8 days. If A alone can finish
the work in 24 days then B alone can finish the work in _____
no. of days.
a. 10 b. 12 c. 15 d. None
A's work of 1
day f
suppose B alone can complete be 34
the work in re
days se 12
days
i B's work of 1
day be
CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

79
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

220. Log 2 3 1728 = m. Find the value of m2 is

a. 6 b. 36 c. 6 d. None of these
728 M
2092
i B 1728 64 27 26 B
6
2B 12 B
M 6 m 62 36
221. 2 Log x = 15. Log 7 2. Find the value of x.

2 Logae 15 Log 2
Logie Log 2
Logoe Log 4
Logie Log 2

21 4
2 s
i
14 1 32768

222. If ax = b, by = c, cz = a then find value of (xyz)3

a. 1 b. 0 c. 8 d. None of these
ad b a Loga Logb se Logb Loga seyz
by c
a
g Logb Loge
2 Loge Loga
y Logo Logb
2 Loga Loge 13 1
x 9
ff
c

9ᵗʰ b C b C b 4 b 592 5
223. If 2x - 2x-1 = 16; then find value of x
1
22 22 16 AS 2 S

16 He V5
24
CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

80
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

22 1 16

28 16

22 32 25
i a 5

224. If Log 20 = 1.3010. Find Log 0.00000020

Log 0 00000020 7 3010 7 0.3010 6.6990

20920 209100000000
109 000000002 Log 8680000
1 3010 8 6 6990
225. (a1/8 + a-1/8) (a1/8 - a-1/8)(a1/4 + a-1/4)(a1/2 + a-1/2) = ?
1
a. a + a1 b. a - a1 c. a2 + a2 d. None of these

a
8 a
8 a 8 a
8 a a'k a

a a a a'k a

a a a'k a

t
a a a t
226. If Log (2a-3b) = Log a - Log b then a = ?
2 2 2
a. 3b b. 3b c. b d. 3b
2b-1 2b-1 2b+1 2b+1
Zab 35 a
29 36 Loga Logb
Log Zab a 35
29 36
Log Log f a feb 1 362
29 3b
b 29 36 a
a
IE
CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

81
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

227. ( 1
Logababc
+ )(1
Logbcabc
+ 1
Logacabc
=? )( )
a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. -1

I
Logabc Logabc
Logabc
Logab Logbe Logac
Logab Logbe Logac Log abxbcxac
Log abc
Log abc
Log a b c2 Log abc 2 Log abc 2
409 abc Log abs Log abc
228. `407 are to divided in the ratio of 14 : 15 : 16 then smallest share is :

smallest share 407

15 12 10
110k

229. Third proportional to (a2 - b2) and (a+b)2 is

( )
a. a+b
a-b b. ( )
a-b
a+b
(a-b)2
c. a+b (a+b)3
d. (a-b)

Let 3ʳᵈ proportional be se

i a b atb se are in proportion

square of middle term product of extremes

atb a b x se

9 atb a b ae
atb

19 514 9 5
a
atb a b a b

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

82
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

230. If x = ya, y = zb, z = xc then abc = ?

a. 2 b. 1 c. 3 d. 4
a ab
set
ya
b
zab c seabe
i ab C I

zb see abc
se ya y z

a
Eg
b
L Too
4 6
231. (
2 -2 )
n n-1
2 +2 =?
n+1 n

a. 1 b. 3 c. 2 d. 1
2 2 3 3

2 2
2h 2h
1
2 2h anyz an 2n 2 1

3
2

232. Find x if x.x1/3 = (x1/3)x

a. 3 b. 4 c. 2 d. 6

se

2 a 4

s a
x

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

83
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

233. 25150 = (25x)50 then x = ?

a. 53 b. 52 c. 54 d. 51

25150 2550 250

250 25100 2525

50
2 62550 2 625 54

234. Salary of P is 25% lower than Q and salary of R is 20% higher than
Q then ratio of salary of R and P will be
a. 5:8 b. 8:5 c. 5:3 d. 3:5

Ratio of salary of
100
suppose Q's salary R p
75
i
p's salary 120 75
8 S
R's salary 120

235. If Log 2 = x, Log 3 = y then Log 60 = ?

a. x+y+1 b. x+y-1 c. 2x+3y+1 d. 2x+5y-1

60 Log 2 3 10
Log
Logs Logs Log to
e t I
y

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

84
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

BIG JOURNEYS BEGIN WITH

SMALL STEPS !

If

Find value of at c

3 5
at
i

i at
beta
7 70 21 70 2
I p 12 120 3 12 120 36

98

f
If 29 8
f f Find value of 293

1 7 1 1
By using Addendo
Subtra hendo

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

85
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

29
9158C If
f f m i a 16m b 19m c lim

za gb 8C 2 16m 9 19m 8 11m

2b 2 19m

32m 171M 88m

38m 1T

Log a Loga
b
Log
If a k then bk a super Imp
Log Rule

2 as 102 100
Log 10100
5 as 25 32
Log 232
AS 87 2097152
Logg
2097152 7

A m A
Log Logm Log logm
36.979 1.5680
Log
8196 3.9136
Log
0.0000002281 7 3581 0.3581
Log 6.6419
A Log 3.2291 1694

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

86
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

28 1.4472 A 1.4472 28
Log Log
A 1.4472 28.00 A Lug Log 28 28
log
A Log Logie a
28 1.4472
Log
A log 1.4472 1 4472
Log
A log m m
i
Log

Find A 2 A Log Log 100

Log log
A Log 2.000
A log 2.0000
Log 100.00
100.0
Log
2 0000

0.4771 1.3222
Log 0.8451 2093 Log 21

1 3222 0.8451 0.4771

Log 21
Logs Log 3
7 3 Logs Logs
Log
ax b Logb
i
Log Loga
Logmlab Logma cognb
Log 4 0.6021
Logs 0.6990 Log20 1.3010
1 3011 0.6021 006990

Log 20 Logs Logs

Log 4 5
Loga Logs
CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

87
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

b Log ab XC
Log
Log ab Loge
Loga Logb Loge
t
Log pars Log p Log Logy Loges
8 8 8
Log 85 Log
8 8

Logs Log 8 Log 8 Logs Log 8

Log 85 5.1098
i ab b
Loga Log p se
Logp
Log
9
Log 38 9 Log 38
100
100 2
Log 12 Log
3335 35
Log
33
Log

Log f Log ax

ax 5
Log
5
Loga Log
Loga Logb f 1

Log
9 6
Loga Logb
Log Mn Logm Logn

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

88
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

M 8 50 Find value of m

m 8 50
on both sides
Taking Log
Log 8 50
Logm
Logs Logso
0.9031 1.6990
2 6021
Logm
Taking A log on both sides
A Log logm A 2 6021
log
M 400 0

1 2
Logba Loga
Logb Log f0 Log 600
3 0
Log ay Logoe Logy Log01000 Log
provided
Log f
o
Logm Logh Logal a 1

1 Logie Logy Logk If Log a k then

Log
b a

ab b Loga A
log logm
m
Log
Log a m
Loge Log A logk K

0 AnyNumber undefined
number 0 Not defined
Any
CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

89
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

12878
2288 Log
Log
Log IF
Log 27,8 4096756 56 Logk
Log 29 409 2 Logy

2
56 43.555555
13

Log 25
Log ka
8 81
8581 Log 1

Log 32 Look
409113312
409 34148 209

153
5 2

12145 Log 2 2
Log Log 3271 9
9 52

Log 22,4 Logz

Log
Log 125 1092

9
7

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

90
Ratio, Proportion,
Logs & Indices

k
Log
a b
Loga Logb at a I at

92 x
offs
of
offInfidth
am a dye
ax b m am bm m
f m

Logg Logy Logy

CA VINOD REDDY Maths Regular Notes [email protected]

91