Lesson 3

 Scope and Forms of Art

The Visual Arts

In its simplest definition, visual arts refer to any work of art that
stimulates the visual sense. It is any art that is perceived by the
sense of sight. Appreciation of the art comes from seeing the
art. The visual arts are divided into these categories:

1. Graphic Arts.
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This is also referred to as two-dimensional arts or 2D because
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also described as flat arts. Belonging to the category brush-on-white-
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of graphic arts include: painting, drawing, lettering,
printing, digital imaging, computer graphics, and
photography.

a. Painting the application of pigments on a surface (Evans,

2017). A pigment is the coloring component of a paint.
Pigments can be from natural sources like from
vegetables and minerals or synthetic such as those
that are chemically produced. Usually in powder form,
these are combined or mixed with binders such as oil,
water, gum or glue (Free Dictionary, 2017).

b. Drawing is the art of creating figures using lines or areas

of tone with the use of a graphite pencil, charcoal,
colored pencil, silver point, dry pastel, or another dry
medium on a piece of paper or on canvas (Evans, 2019).

c. Lettering is the art of drawing letters where each letter

acts as its own mini illustration; meaning, the letter is
actually drawn. Lettering is different with simple
writing. Often, lettering is mistaken with calligraphy and
typography. Calligraphy is the art of writing letters
related to penmanship. Calligraphy is more concerned
with the special techniques and strokes in writing the
letter whereas in lettering, the letter is drawn and
becomes an art in itself. Typography, on the other
hand, is a repeated system of letters. It’s the style
and appearance of a printed material or the art of
arranging type. It’s not a specific style of writing or
creating letters and words, but more the arrangement of
how those letters appear together in a system. In a
 nutshell, “Lettering is the art of drawing letters;
Calligraphy is the art of writing letters; Typography is the
art of using letters” (“Hand-Lettering, Calligraphy,
Typography: What’s the Difference”, 2017).

d. Printing is a graphic art where prints are produced by

drawing or carving an image onto a hard surface (known
as a matrix) such as a wood block, metal plate, or stone.
This surface is then inked and the image is transferred to
paper or another material by the application of pressure,
thus creating an impression or print. The printed image
that results is the exact reverse of the image on the plate
(“What is Print?”, 2021).

e. Digital Imaging is the production of an image with the use

of computers. Whether you take a picture with a digital
camera or use a scanner to bring a photo (or other
artwork) into Photoshop, you are digitizing the image.
That is, digit not as in a finger or toe, but as in a number.
Computers do everything — absolutely everything — by
processing numbers, and the basic language of computers
is binary code. In a nutshell, binary code uses a series of
zeros and ones (that’s where the numbers part comes into
play) to record information. So, what does binary code
have to do with photos? An image in Photoshop consists of
tiny squares of color called pixels (pixel is short
for picture element), as you can see in the close-up to
the right in the figure. The computer records and
processes each pixel in binary code. These pixels
replicate a photo the same way that tiles in a mosaic
reproduce a painting (Bauer, 2018).

f. Computer Graphics is a graphic art where pictures are

drawn on a computer screen. When you draw a picture
on the computer screen, what you have is a digital
information. Inside the computer, the picture is stored
as a series of numbers. Change the numbers and you can
change the picture in the blink of an eye. It’s easy to
shift your picture around the screen, scale it up or down,
rotate it, swap the colors, and transform it in all kinds of
other ways. Once it is finished, you can save it,
incorporate it into a text document, print it out, upload it
to a web page, or even email it to a recipient- all this can
be done because it image produced is a digital
information (Woodford, 2021).

g. Photography is the process of producing images by the

action of radiant energy and especially light on a sensitive
surface (such as film or an optical sensor). In plain terms,
it is capturing an image with the aid of light (Merriam
Webster, 2021).
2. Plastic Arts. Also referred to as three-dimensional arts or 3D, these
types of art have width, length, and volume. Included in this category
of plastic arts are: sculpture, architecture, landscape architecture, city
planning, interior design, costume design, set design, industrial design,
and handicrafts.

a. Sculpture is the art of forming solid objects that represent a

thing, person, idea, etc. out of a material such as wood, clay,
metal, or stone, and other plausible mediums for sculpting
(Cambridge Dictionary, 2021).

b. Architecture is both the science and art of designing buildings

and infrastructures for functional or for aesthetic purposes
(ThoughtCo., 2021).

c. Landscape architecture is the study and practice of designing

environments, particularly the outdoors, of varying scale. Some
mistake landscape design to gardening but it is more than that.
Landscape architecture is into creating beautiful and conducive
environments (Cambridge English Dictionary, 2021).

d. City Planning is the planning and designing of communities and

residential as well as industrial areas. It maps out buildings,
roads, and parks in order to make them attractive and
convenient for the people who live there (Collins Dictionary,
2021).

e. Interior Design is the art of designing and cultivating rooms,

homes or an entire building. It is designing the way how the
inside of a room looks. It involves choosing the colors of the
walls and carpets, and the style of the furniture as well as the
interior’s physical set-up (McMillan Dictionary, 2020).

f. Costume Design the art of creating the visual identity of a

character in a play or film. This involves designing the clothes,
jewelry, hair and make-up and other details to bring out the
character of the actor (Libretexts, 2020).

g. Set Design is the art of designing and creating sets for films,
television, and theater. Sets are the physical surroundings in
which all the action will take place during the production. Rough
drawings and ideas of the production team are turned into
realistic builds that include scenery, draperies, furniture, and
props (Career Explorer, 2017).

h. Theater Design is the art of creating a colorful and conducive

place (i.e. auditorium) for dramatic performance. It includes the
 overall spectacle of the performance including lights, stage
design, and stage set (Class Hall, 2020).

i. Industrial Design refers to the artistic and design solution of a

product intended for mass production. Industrial design is also
involved in creating and executing design solutions for problems
of form, function, usability, physical ergonomics, marketing,
brand development, and sales (Design Skills, 2016).

j. Handicraft is the creation of products by hand rather than

being produced by machines in a factory. Examples of handicraft
are jewelry making and furniture making (Cambridge Dictionary,
2021).

Auditory Arts

These types of arts are creative works that stimulate the sense of hearing –
anything that can be heard of listened to. This category includes music and radio
dramas.

Audio-Visual Arts

These are the arts that can be perceived by both the senses of sight and hearing.
Also referred to as performance arts. These are intended to be presented in
front of an audient. The artist creates a particular art in a variety of forms:
language-based, music-based, or a combination of both.

a. Language-based include poetry, which may be performed for an

audience using original or published works; spoken word, which is
sometimes similar to poetry in its focus on cadence and rhythm (i.e.
preachers during sermons, protesters at rallies, and digital podcast or
video of monologues or speeches); storytelling, which may be done in
places such as an auditorium or theater, a classroom or library, or a
small group or in the church, a coffee house, or under a tent at a
festival.

b. Music-based include performances by an individual or with a group of

any size, which comes in several genres: vocal, instrumental and mixed;
dance, which are usually accompanied by music and correspond to a
particular genre such as ballet, ballroom, classical, jazz and modern
dance.

c. Combination which include theater-based performance such as dramatic

plays (i.e. tragedy, comedy, tragicomedy, farce, melodrama),
improvisations, musical theater, and films, which can be created using
 motion-picture camera (as in a movie camera), animation techniques,
computer-generated imagery and many more.

Literary Arts

These are arts that are in linguistic form intended to be read. This category
includes prose, which is in paragraph form (such as short stories, novels, essays and
plays); and poetry, which is in stanza form composed of lines (such as narrative
poems, lyric poems, and dramatic poems, among others).

Applied Arts

These are arts which prefer to the application of artistic design to useful objects
for everyday use. While works of fine arts have no functional purposes other than
for aesthetics or beautification, applied arts are created with aesthetic and
functional goals. Applied arts belong to plastic arts because they are three-
dimensional types of arts. So technically, plastic arts that are created for
aesthetic as well as functional purposes such as industrial design, crafts, fashion
and costume design, stage design, architecture, among others, are also under the
applied arts.

THINK
Reflection Paper: If you were an artist, what kind of artist will you be?
What art field would you like to explore? Why?

Activity Rubric
Indicator 1 point 2 points 3 points 4 points 5 points Rating
promptness The work was The work was The work was The work was The work
submitted more submitted submitted 1 day submitted a was
than a day late more than a late day before submitted
with no valid day late with and/or during more than a
excuse valid excuse the due date day ahead of
itself due date
Originality The work is 100 The work is The work is at The work is at The work is
% plagiarized lesser than 50% least 60% original least 80% at least 90%
original based based on original based original
on plagiarism plagiarism checker on plagiarism based on
check checker plagiarism
checker

Content The submitted There are a The work The work The work
work did not few correct accomplished accomplished accomplished
meet the points of ideas contained correct lacked minor completely
expected discussed or answers but lacks details from and
 output presented but information that what are accurately
most queries affects accuracy expected. the activity.
were and All expected
unanswered or comprehensivenes ideas are
inaccurately s of discussion. fully
answered discussed.
Grammatica Composition is Composition Composition is Compositions Compositions
l correctness badly written; contains comprehensible contain minor are 100%
fragmented grammatical but contains errors but do error free
and run on errors that noticeable not interfere
sentences are interfere with grammatical errors with
mostly used comprehension comprehension
which affects of text
comprehension.
Coherence Composition is There is some Ideas lack logical Composition Composition
and incoherent and degree of arrangement and may be observes
cohesion incohesive. coherence but thus affects coherent but coherence
none in cohesion but still lacks in overall and cohesion
cohesion. comprehensible. cohesion. by using
transitional
devices and
logical
arrangement
of ideas in
paragraphs.
Composition Composition is Composition Composition Composition Composition
style very poorly may be exhibits a fair use exhibits a exhibits an
written, if not comprehensible of language with good excellent
evident of but use of some errors , manipulation manipulation
plagiarism. language and quotations, of language of language
styles of paraphrasing and but lacks a that shows
writing is not no distinctness in distinctness of distinctness
evident and writing style. individual of style of
may even be style of the writer.
poor. writing.
TOTAL
RATING