Very Important Questions with Answers

10th Standard Physics

1. State ohm's law. write its mathematical expression.
The current (I), flowing in a metallic wire and the potential Difference (V) across its
terminal in an electric circuit is directly proportional to the current flowing through
it, provided its temperature remains the same.
V ∝ R or V/I=R
2. State joules law write its mathematical equation.
Heat produced in a resistor is (I)directly proportional to the square of current for a
given resistance (II)resistance for a given current, and (III)time for which the current
flows through the resistor.
H = I2Rt
3. State the laws of reflection.
1. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
2. The incident ray , the normal to the mirror at the point of incidence andthe
reflected ray all lie in the same plane.
4. State the laws of refraction.
1. The incident ray, refracted ray and the normal to the interface of two transparent
media at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane.
2. The ratio of sine of angle of incidence to the sine of angle of refraction is a
constant for the light of a given colour and for the given pair of media. (Snell‟s Law)
5. Write the properties of magnetic field lines.
1. The magnetic field lines are continuous and closed curves.
2. The field lines are always emerge from North Pole and merges withSouth
Pole.
3. The magnetic field lines do not intersect each other.
6. What is refraction of light?
Whenever a ray of light incident obliquely on a glass slab it bends, this phenomena
of bending of light when it passes from one medium to another is called as
Refraction of light.
7. What is dispersion of light? Name the colour formed due to dispersion and write the
least bent and the most bent colour.
When a white light is incident on a prism it gets refracted and splits into 7
constituent colours. This phenomenon is called dispersion of light. The 7 colours so
formed are violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red (VIBGYOR).
The Least bent colour is Red and Most bent colour is Violet.
8. What is electromagnetic induction?
Whenever a magnetic field linked with the coil changes, an e.m.f will be induced in
the circuit. This phenomena is called Electromagnetic Induction.
9. Why is the sea water blue in colour?
Sea water absorbs the colours of longer wavelength in large quantity than the blue
colour of shorter wavelength. So, form the white light entering the sea, only blue
colour is reflected.
10. Why is an alternating current considered to be advantageous over direct current for
long range transmission of electric energy?
Alternating current can be transmitted to long distant places without much loss of
electric energy. That's why it is considered to be advantageous over direct current
for long range transmission of electric energy.
11. Differentiate between alternate current and direct current.

Alternating Current (AC) Direct Current (DC)

1. Current in which direction is 1. current flows in One direction only.

changed in every half of its
rotation 2. Electrochemical cellsproduce DC
2. Its frequency is 50 Hz in India

12. What is short sightedness? how can it be corrected?

It is the defect of the eye in which a person can see nearby objects clearly but
unable to see distant objects. It can be corrected by using concave lens of suitable
power.
13. What is long sightedness? how can it be corrected?
It is the defect of the eye in which a person can see distant objects clearly but
unable to see nearby objects. It can be corrected by using convex lens of suitable
power.
14. Define potential difference..mention its SI unit.
It is defined as the amount of work done in moving a unit positive charge from one
point to another in a conducting medium. The S.I. Unit of Potential difference is
Volt.
15. Name the device used to measure the potential difference. Voltmeter is
the device used to measure the Potential difference.
16. How are voltmeter and ammeter connected in the circuit.
Voltmeter is connected in Parallel and Ammeter is always connected in Series with
the circuit.
17. How does overloading and short circuit occur in an electric circuit. OVERLOADING
of an electric circuit means when current flows in a circuitit becomes more than
the capacity of components in the circuit to resistthe current. When too much
current passes in a circuit, overload occursthrough electric wires.
Short Circuit: Whenever a live wire and neutral wire come in direct contact with each
other in a domestic circuit, due to damage of pf insulation power lines, then Short
circuit occurs and suddenly large current flows in the circuit.
18. Electrical devices are not connected in series but they are connected inparallel.
why?
Because,
1. The current is constant throughout the electric circuit.
2. Overall resistance of circuit will increase due to which the current frompower
supply will be less .
3. Different gadgets need currents of widely different values to operateproperly.
4. When one component fail the entire circuit is broken and none of the
components works.
19. Name four instruments that works on the heating effect of electric current.
1. Electric Iron
2. Electric Toaster
3. Electric Heater
4. Induction Stove
20. Write the SI units of: electrical power, resistance, resistivity, voltage.Electrical
Power = Watt
Resistance = Ohm Resistivity = Ohm
metre (Ωm)
21. Mention the factors on which the resistance of the conductor depends.
a. Length of a conductor
b. Material of conductor
c. Temperature
d. Area of Cross section of conductor
22. Name the filament used in electric bulbs and name the alloy used in electricheater.
Tungsten filament is used in Electric bulb and Nichrome alloy is used inmaking
coils of Electric Heaters.
23. Name the gas filled in the electric bulb.
Nitrogen and Argon are the gases filled in an Electric bulb which preventsthe
filament of the bulb from deteriorating.
24. Draw the circuit diagram consisting of three resistors R1, R2 and R3connected in
parallel with an ammeter voltmeter battery and switch.

25. Draw the ray diagram of convex lens and the object is placed

At 2F 1. Real and inverted Image

2. At 2F2
3. Same size of the object

At F
1. Real and inverted Image
2. At Infinity
3. Highly Enlarged Image is formed
 Between F
1. Real and inverted Image
and 2F
2. Beyond 2F2
3. Enlarged Image is formed

1. Real and inverted Image

Beyond 2F2
2. Between F2 and 2F2
3.Diminished Image is formed

26. Draw the ray diagram of convex lens and the object is placed
a) At C

1. Real and inverted Image

2. At C
3. Same size of the object

b) At F

1. Real and inverted Image

2. At Infinity
3. Highly Enlarged Image is formed

c) Between F and C
1. Real and inverted Image
2. Beyond C
3. Enlarged Image is formed

d) Beyond C
1. Real and inverted Image
2. Between F and C
3. Diminished Image is formed
27. Two magnetic field lines do not intersect each other. give reasons. Because, at the
point of intersection the compass needle would pointtowards two directions which
is not possible
28. A coin of insulated copper wire is connected to a galvanometer. Whathappens if
a bar magnet
a) Pushed inside the coil
b) Withdrawn from the coil.
c) Held stationary inside the coil.
a) Pushed inside the coil :- The Galvanometer shows deflection in one direction.
b) Withdrawn from the coil : - The Galvanometer shows deflection in the opposite direction.
c) Held Stationary inside the coil : - The Galvanometer shows zero deflection
or No deflection as there is no current induced in the coil
29. Why are magnetic field lines closed curves?
The magnetic field lines originate from north pole of a magnet and end at its south
pole. Inside the magnet it is directed from south pole to north pole. Therefore,
the magnetic field lines are closed curves.
30. What is the role of split rings in an electric motor?
In an Electric Motor, the split rings reverses the direction of Current and makes the
current to flow in One direction. Hence the split rings are called commutators.
31. What is solenoid?
A Coil of many circular turns of insulated copper wire tightly wound in the shape of
a cylinder is called Solenoid.
32. Write two methods to increase the magnetic field strength in a solenoid.
1. By increasing the number of turns of the coil
2. By increasing the strength of the current.
33. Write any two safety measures which are commonly used in electriccircuits.
1. Electric Fuse will save the domestic circuit from Overloading
2. Proper Earthing is done in a domestic circuit which prevents the house from
electrical short circuit and Overloading.
34. Write a neat labelled diagram of electric
generator.

35. Write a need labelled diagram of electric motor.

36. What are the characteristics of good fuel?1.High
efficiency ( High Calorific Value)
2. Easily available
3. Easy to store and transport
4. Economical ( Cheaply Available)
37. Name the main constituent of biogas.
The Main Constituent of Biogas is Methane.
38. Biogas Plant is very useful to the farmers..give reasons.
1, the large-scale utilisation of bio waste and sewage material provides asafe and
efficient method of waste disposal.
2. It supplies energy.
3. Spent slurry can be utilized as manure as it is rich in nitrogen and
phosphorus.
39. What is a solar cell? What are its advantages?
A Device which converts Solar Energy into Electrical energy is called SolarCell.
Advantages:
1. Solar cells have no moving parts so they require little maintenance.
2. They can be set up in remote places and inaccessible area where layingof power
transmission lines may be expensive or not possible.
40. State Fleming's left hand rule.(Motor rule)
The law states that, if the forefinger, thumb and middle finger of left hand are
stretched mutually perpendicular and the forefinger points along the direction of
external magnetic field, middle finger indicates the direction of current, then thumb
points the direction of force acting on the conductor.
41. State Fleming's right hand rule.(Dynamo rule)
The Law states that, if the fore finger, middle finger and thumb of the right hand are
stretched atright angles to each other, with the forefinger in the direction of the field
and the thumb in the direction of the motion of the wire, then the current in the wire
is in the direction of the middle finger.
42. State Maxwell's Right Hand Thumb Rule.
The Law states that “ Imagine that you are holding your right hand such that the
thumb shows the direction of the straight conductor, then the fingers that are
wrapped in shows the direction of the direction of magnetic field around the
conductor”
43. Write the lens formula and the mirror formula.. with its usual notations.Lens
Formula
1 1
𝑣
− 𝑢
= 𝑓1
Lens magnification
ℎ1 𝑣
m= ℎ
= 𝑢

Mirror Formula
1 1 1
𝑣
+ 𝑢
= 𝑓
Mirror magnification
ℎ1 𝑣
m= ℎ
= - 𝑢
44. Define one dioptre. Mention the Power of Convex Lens and Concave Lens.
A lens is said to have a power of 1 dioptre, if its focal length is 1 metre.1D=1m-1.
The power of a convex lens is positive and concave lens is negative.
45. Define 1 Volt, 1 Watt, 1 Ampere and 1 ohm.
1 Volt: One Volt is defined as the Energy consumption of 1 joule per 1Coulomb
1 volt = 1 𝐽
1𝐶

1 Watt: A body is said to have One watt of Power if it can perform OneJoule of
Work in One Second.
1 Watt = 1 𝐽 Power = 1 𝐽𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑒
1𝑆 1 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑

1 Ampere : It Is defined as 1 coulomb of charge per second.

1 𝐶
1A = 1𝑆

1 Ohm : One Ohm is defined as that resistance of an object when a currentof 1

ampere flows through an object having a Potential difference of 1 Volt
1 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡 1 𝑉
1 Ohm = 1 𝐴𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑒
1Ω= 1𝐴
46. What is the near point and far point of a human eye?
The Near Point of the Eye is 25 Cm and Far Point is Infinity for a Healthy Adult
Human eye.
47. What is (a) the highest, (b) the lowest total resistance that can be secured by
combinations of four coils of resistance 4 Ω, 8 Ω, 12 Ω, 24 Ω?
(a) If the four resistors are connected in series, their total resistance will be the sum
of their individual resistances and it will be the highest. The total equivalent
resistance of the resistors connected in series will be 4 Ω + 8 Ω + 12 Ω + 24 Ω = 48 Ω.
(b) If the resistors are connected in parallel, then their equivalent resistances will
be the lowest. Their equivalent resistance connected in parallel is, the lowest total
resistance is 2 Ω.
48. How Rainbow is formed?
A rainbow is caused by dispersion of sunlight by tiny water droplets, present in the
atmosphere. It is formed in a direction opposite to that of sun. The water droplets
acts like small prisms. They refract and disperse the incident sunlight, then reflect it
internally and finally refract it again when it comes out of the raindrop. Due to the
dispersion of light and internal reflection, rainbow is formed.
49. Why do Stars Twinkle?
The twinkling of a stars is due to atmospheric refraction of starlight. The starlight on
entering the earth’s atmosphere, undergoes refraction continuously before it
reaches the earth. As the path of rays of light coming from the stars goes on
varying slightly, the apparent position of the star fluctuates and causing twinkling
effect.
50. Sky appears blue in colour. Give reasons.
Size of the molecules of air and other fine particles in the atmosphere is smaller
than the wavelength of visible light. Hence these are more effective in scattering
light of shorter wavelength at the blue end.
51. Why planets do not twinkle?
The planets are much closer to the earth and are thus seen as extended sources but
as point sized sources of light. So the planets do not twinkle.
52. Write a neat diagram to show the recombination of the spectrum of whitelight.

53. What is meant by Power of accommodation of the eye?

The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length to see nearby objectsand
distant objects clearly is called Power of Accommodation.
54. What are the uses of convex lens?
Convex lens are used in magnifying glasses, microscopes, correction of
hypermetropia.
55. Define power of a lens.
The power of lens is defined as the reciprocal of its focal lengthP = 1/f
SI unit : dioptre
56. What are the uses of concave mirror?Uses of
Concave mirror are :
1. Used in Torches,
2. Used in Search-light,
3. Used in Vehicle headlights,
4. Used as Shaving mirrors,
5. Used in Solar furnace,
6. Dentists use to see large images of the teeth.
57. Convex mirror is commonly used as rear view mirror in vehicles. Why? Convex
mirrors always give an erect, diminished image. As they have awider field of
view thus enabling the vehicle driver to view much largerimage.
58. Sky appears red in colour during sunrise and sunset why?
Because during sunrise and sunset the light has to cover long distance solonger
wavelength colour red light will travels longer distance.
59. What is the frequency and Potential difference of AC current in India? The
Frequency of AC Current is 50 Hertz and Potential difference is 220 V.
60. What is the reason for early sunrise and delayed sunset?
Due to atmospheric refraction, the sun is visible about 2 minutes before theactual
sunrise and about 2 minutes after the actual sunset.
61. Name the three common defects of vision. What are their causes? Namethe type
of lens used to correct each of them.
(i) Myopia: Cause: Elongation of eyeball,
Type of lens used for correction: Concave lens of suitable power.
(ii) Hypermetropia: Cause: Shrinking of eyeball,
Type of lens used for correction: Convex lens of suitable power.
(iii) Presbyopia: Cause: Weakening of ciliary muscles,
Type of lens used for correction: Bifocal lens.
62. What is fuse? What are its functions?
An Electrical fuse is a safety device that operates to provide protectionagainst
the overflow of current in an electrical circuit.
An important function of Electrical fuse is that a fuse is a metal wire or stripthat
melts when excess current flows through the circuit.
63. What is Tyndall effect?
The phenomenon of scattering of light by the colloidal particles is calledTyndall effect.
64. Mention any four natural phenomena that takes place due to refraction oflight in
the nature.
1. Rainbow Formation
2. Sky appears blue
3. Early sunrise and Delayed Sunset
4. Twinkling of Stars.
65. The refractive index of diamond is 2.42.. what do you mean by thisstatement?
It means the velocity of light in air is 2.42 times faster than the velocity oflight in Diamond.
66. Write any two limitations of producing electricity from wind energy.
1. A wind mill requires wind of speed more than 15 km/h to generateelectricity.
2. Setting up of wind energy farms is expensive.
3. Cannot be established in all places and requires more land.
67. Name any two fossil fuels. Mention the disadvantages of using the fossilfuels.
Coal and Petroleum products are the fossil fuels.
Disadvantages:
1. It is a non renewable source of Energy
2. It Pollutes the environment as it is not eco-friendly.
68. Draw a neat labelled diagram of Bio gas plant

69. Define Resistivity.

The resistivity is defined as the resistance offered by a cube of material ofside 1 m
when current flows perpendicular to its opposite faces

𝑅𝑋𝐴
ρ = 𝐿

70. An optician has prescribed a corrective lens of +3D to a person.. What eye defect
has the person? And what is the type of this lens? What is the focal length of this
lens?
Since the Power is +3D, the person has an eye defect called Hypermetropia. and this
is Convex Lens.
P= 1=3
𝑓
f= 1 = 1 = 0.33 m
𝑝 3
71. An optician has prescribed a corrective lens of - 2D to a person. What eye defect has
the person? And what is the type of this lens? What is the focal length of this lens?
Since the Power is - 2D, the person has an eye defect called Myopia. and this is
Concave Lens.
P= 1=-2
𝑓
f= 1 = 1 = - 0.5 m
𝑃 −2

72. What is Refractive Index?

The ratio of the velocity of light in vacuum to its velocity in a givenmedium.

𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚 1

Refractive Index (n) = = 𝑉1
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚 2 𝑉2

73. What are the properties of the image formed by a plane mirror?
1. The Image formed is always virtual and erect
2.The size of the image is equal to that of the object.
3. The object distance and image distance are the same.
4. The Image appears to be laterally inverted.
74. Copper and Aluminium are used in making electrical wires give reasons.
Because copper and Aluminium are very good conductors of electricityand their
resistivity is low. Hence they are used in making electrical wires.
75. A Ray of light passes obliquely on a rectangular glass slab. Also whenpasses
from the glass slab to air.To which direction does the light bends? A Ray of light
passes obliquely on a rectangular Glass Slab, the refractedray bends towards the
Normal and when it passes from Glass Slab to air,then the refracted ray bends
away from the Normal.
76. The resistivity of two conductors ‘A’ and ‘B’ are 1.62 x 10−8 Ω m and 5.20 x 10−8 Ω
m respectively. Which of them is used in : (i) Transportation of electricity (ii)
Themaking of heating coils? Why?
Ans: i)Conductor A is used in transportation of electricity, because it’s
resistance is low.
ii) Conductor B is used in making of heating coils, because it’s resistance is high.
77. How much work is done in moving a charge of 2C across two points having a
potential difference 12V?
Given Q= 2C V= 12v W= ?

W=VQ W=12 x 2 W= 24J

78. Which uses more energy: a 250W TV set or a 1200W heater is 10 minutes.
Energy consumed by TV Energy consumed by heater
E= P xt E= P xt
E= 250 x 600 E = 1200 X 600
E = 150000J E = 720000J
Therefore, the Heater consumes More energy
79. Find the number of electrons in 1C of charge.
1C=1/1.6 x 10-19
1C= 1019 /1.6
1C=6.25 x 1018 electrons.
80. An electric iron of resistance 20Ω takes a current 5A. Calculate the heat
developed in 30s.
V= IR
V = 5 X 20
V= 100 V
H= VIt H=100 x 5 x 30H=1.5 X 104 J
81. An electric heater of resistance 8 Ω draws 15 A from the service mains 2hours.
Calculate the rate at which heat is developed in the heater.
The rate at which the heat develops in the heater can be calculated usingthe
following formula
P = I2 R Substituting the values in the equation,we get P
= (15A) × 8 Ω = 1800 J/s
2

The electric heater produces heat at the rate of 1800 J/s

82. A lens is having a power + 2.0 D, calculate its focal length?
P = +2.0 D, f= ?
P=1/f 2.0= 1/f f = 1/ 2.0
f = 0.5m
83. A Convex lens of focal length 10 cm is placed at a distance of 12 cm from a wall.
How far from the lens should an object be placed so as to form its real image as
wall?
f = 10 cm V= +12cm u = ?
1
𝑣
- 𝑢1 = 1𝑓
1 1 1
12
- 𝑢 = 10
1 1
⇒ 12 - 10 = 1𝑢
⇒ 10120 − 12
= 1𝑢
−2
⇒ 120 = 1𝑢
∴ u = −60 cm

84. An object is placed at a distance of 50 cm from a concave lens of focallength

20 cm. Find the position of image.
f = - 20 cm u = - 50 cm v=?
1 1 1
𝑣
- 𝑢
= 𝑓
1 1 1
𝑣
-− 50
= − 20
1 1
𝑣
+ 50 = −120
1 1 1
𝑣
⸫= - 20 - 50
1 −50 − 20
𝑣
⸫= 1000
1
⸫ 𝑣 = 1000 = −100
−70 7

v⸫= − 100 = - 14.3 cm

7

85. Two lenses of power +3.5 D and -2.5 D are placed in contact. Find the powerand
focal length of the lens combination.

Power = P1 + P2
= 3.5 + (-2.5)
= 3.5 – 2.5
P=1D
1
f =⸫
𝑝
1
f =⸫
1
⸫ f=1m