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NATIONAL
SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 11

NOVEMBER 2023

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES P2
MARKING GUIDELINE

MARKS: 150

This marking guideline consists of 9 pages.

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SECTION A

QUESTION 1

1.1 1.1.1 C ✓✓

1.1.2 A ✓✓

1.1.3 A ✓✓

1.1.4 C ✓✓

1.1.5 B ✓✓

1.1.6 C ✓✓

1.1.7 B ✓✓

1.1.8 D ✓✓

1.1.9 D ✓✓

1.1.10 B ✓✓ (10 x 2) (20)

1.2 1.2.1 F ✓✓
1.2.2 D ✓✓
1.2.3 A ✓✓
1.2.4 J ✓✓
1.2.5 C ✓✓ (5 x 2) (10)

1.3 1.3.1 Transpirational pull ✓✓

1.3.2 Agricultural lime ✓✓
1.3.3 Integrated Pest Control ✓✓
1.3.4 Biotechnology ✓✓
1.3.5 Soil surveying ✓✓ (5 x 2) (10)

1.4 1.4.1 Fertilisation ✓

1.4.2 Oxygen ✓
1.4.3 Monoculture ✓
1.4.4 Legumes ✓
1.4.5 Fallow ✓ (5 x 1) (5)

TOTAL SECTION A: 45

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SECTION B

QUESTION 2: PLANT STUDIES (NUTRITION)

2.1 2.1.1 Process shown in the diagram

Photosynthesis ✓ (1)

2.1.2 Identification of product

Sugar ✓ (1)

2.1.3 Storage organs for products of photosynthesis

• Roots ✓
• Stems ✓
• Leaves ✓
• Seeds ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2)

2.1.4 Factors influencing the rate of photosynthesis

• Light intensity ✓
• Temperature ✓
• Carbon dioxide concentration ✓
• Water ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2)

2.1.5 Methods of optimising photosynthesis

• Use of a greenhouse / tunnel ✓
• Plant density ✓
• Trellising plants ✓
• Pruning ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2)

2.1.6 Consequences of the absence of photosynthesis

• Plants and animals will die due to lack of oxygen ✓
• Animals will die of hunger ✓
• Global warming ✓ due to absence of plants that absorb carbon
dioxide ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2)

2.2 2.2.1 Identification of processes A and B

A – Osmosis ✓
B – Transpiration ✓ (2)

2.2.2 Importance of water movement in plants

• Transport of nutrients ✓
• Temperature regulation ✓
• Uptake of nutrients ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2)

2.2.3 Ways plants use to reduce water loss through transpiration

• Waxy cuticle ✓
• Hairy leaves ✓
• Small leaves ✓
• Stomata on underside of leaves ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2)

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2.3 2.3.1 Labels

B – Micro ✓
C – Potassium ✓
D – K+ ions ✓
E – NO3- / NH4+ ✓
F – Stunted growth / Leaf chlorosis ✓
G – Macro ✓ (6 x 1) (6)

2.3.2 Methods that can be used to determine the nutrient status of

soils
• Soil analysis ✓
• Plant analysis ✓ (2)

2.4 2.4.1 Difference between passive and active mineral uptake

Passive uptake Active uptake

• Nutrients move down the • Nutrients move against the
concentration gradient ✓ concentration gradient ✓
• No energy required ✓ • Energy in the form of ATP
required ✓
• Carrier molecule not required ✓ • Carrier molecule required ✓
(Any 4 x 1) (4)

2.4.2 Factors affecting nutrient availability

Soil texture ✓
Soil pH ✓ (2)

2.5 2.5.1 Classification of fertilisers

Farmer A – Organic fertiliser ✓
Farmer B – Inorganic fertiliser ✓ (2)

2.5.2 Environmental effects of inorganic fertilisers

• Can lead to eutrophication ✓
• Soil acidification ✓
• Storage and application of nitrogenous fertilisers emits
greenhouse gases ✓
• Can destroy soil food webs ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2)

2.5.3 An example of a nitrogenous fertiliser

Lime ammonium nitrate / Ammonium nitrate ✓ (Any 1 x 1) (1)
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QUESTION 3: PLANT REPRODUCTION AND PROTECTION

3.1 3.1.1 Captions for diagrams 1 and 2

Diagram 1 – Stamen / androecium ✓
Diagram 2 – Pistil / gynoecium ✓ (2)

3.1.2 Function of Part C in diagram 2

Fuses with the male gamete ✓ (1)

3.1.3 Identification of flower parts

B – stigma ✓
D – ovary ✓ (2)

3.1.4 Name of process

Pollination ✓ (1)

3.1.5 Examples of pollination agents

• Insects ✓
• Birds ✓
• Water ✓
• Wind ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2)

3.1.6 Letter of a part that will develop into:

(a) – D ✓
(b) – C ✓ (2)

3.2 3.2.1 Identification of processes

A – Parthenocarpy ✓
B – Ablactation ✓ (2)

3.2.2 Types of process A

• Vegetative parthenocarpy ✓
• Stimulative parthenocarpy ✓ (2)

3.2.3 Factors that influence the process B

• Strong winds ✓
• Low temperatures / frost ✓
• Mineral deficiencies ✓
• Too many fruits ✓
• Insect pests ✓
• Deformed flowers ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2)

3.3 Identification of the process

3.3.1 Germination ✓ (1)

3.3.2 Name of the process

Dormancy ✓ (1)

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3.3.3 Strategies for overcoming dormancy

• Priming / soaking seeds ✓
• Scarification ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2)

3.3.4 Requirements for seed germination

• Favourable temperature
• Adequate water supply
• Availability of oxygen (Any 1 x 1) (1)

3.4 3.4.1 Name of parts A and B

A – Scion ✓
B – Root stock ✓ (2)

3.4.2 Classification of reproduction type

Asexual reproduction ✓ (1)

3.4.3 Justification of answer to QUESTION 3.4.2

Does not involve the fusion of gametes ✓ (1)

3.4.4 Advantages of asexual reproduction

• Fertilisation does not need to take place ✓
• Avoid overcrowding plants ✓
• Root stock and scion can be from different varieties ✓
• Can be used where seed propagation is not practical ✓
• Produces fruits that are true to type ✓
• When introducing new cultivars it not necessary to remove the old
trees and replace them with young trees ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2)

3.5 3.5.1 Identification of the role of weeds in plant disease outbreaks

They serve as hosts for pathogens ✓ (1)

3.5.2 Examples of mechanical weed control methods

• Fire ✓
• Cultivation ✓
• Mowing / Slashing / cutting ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2)

3.5.3 Contributions of the state towards plant protection

• Quarantine services ✓
• Seed certification systems ✓
• Legislation ✓
• Research ✓
• Depositories ✓ (Any 3 x 1) (3)

3.5.4 Examples of stored grain pests

• Rice / Maize weevil ✓
• Grain beetle ✓
• Grain / Flour moth ✓
• Flour beetle ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2)
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QUESTION 4: OPTIMAL RESOURCE UTILISATION

4.1 4.1.1 Identification of farming system

Precision farming ✓ (1)

4.1.2 Key technologies used in precision farming

• Global Positioning System / GPS ✓
• Geographical Information System / GIS ✓ (2)

4.1.3 Aims of precision farming

• To allow the farmer to have more precise control over natural
variation in soil on the farm ✓
• To enable the farmer to apply inputs only as needed and where
needed to ensure optimum production ✓ (2)

4.2 4.2.1 Comparison between the leaf size of spinach grown in a green
house and in an open field.
35

30
Leaf area (cm2)

25

20

15 Open field
Greenhouse
10

0
1 2 3 4
Time (weeks)

• Correct heading with both variables ✓

• Correct graph type ✓
• Units (Weeks / cm2) ✓
• y-axis: Correct labelling and calibration ✓
• x-axis: Correct labelling and calibration ✓
• Correct plotting (80% and more correct plotting) ✓ (6)

4.2.2 Conclusion that can be drawn from the information in the graph
Plants grown in greenhouses have bigger leaves ✓ than those grown
in an open field over 4 weeks. ✓ (2)

4.2.3 Explanation for the differences in leaf sizes

Plants grown in the green house grow faster because temperatures
are higher ✓ in the greenhouse, resulting in higher photosynthetic
rates. ✓ (2)

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4.3 4.3.1 Aims of soil cultivation

• Bury plant remains ✓
• Incorporate fertiliser and lime into the soil ✓
• Control weeds ✓
• To break up soil crusts ✓
• Loosen the soil to make root penetration and infiltration easier ✓
(Any 2 x 1) (2)

4.3.2 Differences between primary and secondary cultivation

Primary tillage cut and shatters the soil with deep penetration tools to
produce a rough surface finish ✓ whereas secondary tillage aims to
level and firm the top part of the soil to produce a smoother surface
finish. ✓ (2)

4.3.3 Tools used in primary and secondary cultivation

Primary cultivation
• Ploughs ✓
• Rippers ✓

Secondary cultivation
• Harrows ✓
• Cultivators ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2)

4.3.4 Environmentally friendly cultivation systems

• Minimum tillage ✓
• Zero tillage ✓
• Mulching method ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2)

4.4 4.4.1 Identification of process

Crop rotation ✓ (1)

4.4.2 Principles of crop rotation shown in the table

• Crops that require the same nutrients should not follow each
other ✓
• Crops that are affected by the same pests and diseases should
not follow each other ✓
• Shallow rooted crops should be followed by deep rooted crops ✓
(Any 2 x 1) (2)

4.4.3 Reasons for recommending crop rotation

• Protects the farmer from total crop failure ✓
• Maintains soil fertility ✓
• Improves soil structure ✓
• Controls pests and diseases ✓
• Increases soil nitrogen content ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2)

4.5 4.5.1 Identification of cultivation system

Hydroponics ✓ (1)

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4.5.2 Difference between hydroponics and open field system

Hydroponics is involves growing plants in a water-based nutrient
solution ✓ while the open field involves growing crops directly onto
the soil. ✓ (2)

4.5.3 Examples of growth media that can be used in hydroponics

Vermiculite ✓
Perlite ✓ (2)

4.5.4 Advantages of the closed hydroponic system

• Uniform irrigation ✓
• Savings on water and fertiliser ✓
• No growth medium is necessary ✓ (Any 2 x 1) (2)
[35]

TOTAL SECTION B: 105

GRAND TOTAL: 150

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