What is Dictionary 2 nee 0 It is another collection in Python but with different in way of storing and accessing. Other collection like list, tuple, string are having an index associated with every element but Python Dictionary have a “key” associated with every element. That’s why python dictionaries are known as KEY:VALUE pairs. © Like with English dictionary we search any word for meaning associated with it, similarly in Python we search for “key” to get its associated value rather than searching for an index. Creating a Dictionary 2 Eee Syntax to create dictionary: dictionary_name = {key 1:value,key2:value,....} Example >>> emp = {"empno": ame":"Shahrukh","fee":1 500000} Here Keys are : “empno”, “name” and “fee” Values are: 1, “Shahrukh”, 1500000 Note: ) Dictionary elements must be between curly brackets 2) Each value must be paired with key element ») Each key-value pair must be separated by comma(,) 5 Diet] = G # empty dictionary © DaysinMonth=("Jan":31,"Feb":28,"Mar":31,"Apr"s3 1 Note: Keys of dictionary must of immutable type such as: A python string A number - Atuple(containing only immutalsle entries) If we try to give mutable type as key, python will give an error S>>dict2 = {[2,3]:"abe"} ErrorAccessing elements of Dictionary a 5 To access Dictionary elements we need the “key” >>>mydict={'empno':1,'name':'Shivam','dept’:'sales','salary':25000} >>> mydict['salary'] 25000 Note: if you try to access “key” which is not in the dictionary, python will raise an error >>>mydiet[‘comm'] #Error Traversing a Dictionary Ss 4 Python allows to apply “for” loop to traverse every element of dictionary based on their “key”. For loop will get every key of dictionary and we can access every element based on their key. Accessing keys and values simultaneously a >>> mydict={‘empno':1,‘name’:'Shivam’,‘dept’:'sales’,'salary':25000} >>>mydictkeys() dict_keys(['empno’, ‘name’, ‘dept’, 'salary']) >>>mydietvalues() dict_values({1, ‘Shivam’, ‘sales’, 25000) We can convert the sequence returned by keys() and values() by using list() as shown below: >>> list(mydict.keys()) [empno’, ‘name’, ‘dept’, 'salary'] [1, ‘Shivam’, ‘sales’, 25000]Characteristics of a Dictionary ee 5 Unordered set © A dictionary is a unordered set of key:value pair © Not a sequence 5 Unlike a string, tuple, and list, a dictionary is not a sequence because it is unordered set of elements. The sequences are indexed by a range of ordinal numbers. Hence they are ordered but a dictionary is an unordered collection © Indexed by Keys, Not Numbers 5 Dictionaries are indexed by keys. Keys are immutable type © Keys must be unique 5 Each key within dictionary must be unique. However two unique keys can have same values. 5 >>> data={1:100, 2:200,3:300,4:200} © Mutable 1 Like lists, dictionary are also mutable. We can change the value of a certain “key” in place © Data[3]=400 5 >>>Data 5 So, to change value of dictionary the format is : = DictionaryName|"key” / key ]=1 5 You can not only change but you can add new key:value pair : © Multiple ways of creating dictionaries 1. Initializing a Dictionary : in this method all the key:value pairs of dictionary are written collectively separated by commas and enclosed ~—sin’~—scurly. braces Student={““roll”:1,"name”:"Scott”,/"Per”:90} 2 Adding key:value pair to an empty Dictionary = in this method we first create empty dictionary and then key:value pair are added to it one pair at a time For example Alphabets={} #Empty dictionary Or Alphabets = dict()co Multiple ways of creating dictionaries Now we will add new pair to this empty dictionary one by one as: Alphabets = {} Alphabets[“a”]="apple” Alphabets[“b"]="boy” 3. Creating dictionary from name and value pairs: using the dict() constructor of dictionary, you can also create dictionary initialized from specified set of keys and values. There are multiple ways to provide keys and value to dict() (i) Specific key:value pairs as keyword argument to dict() Student=dict(roll=1,name='‘scott’,per=89) 2 Multiple ways of creating dictionaries (ji) Specify comma-separated key:value pairs student = dict({‘roll’:1,/name’:’scott’,’ per’:89}) (iii) Specify keys separately and corresponding values separately: in this method keys and values are enclosed separately in parenthesis and are given as arguments to the zip() inside diet() Emp = dict(zip((‘empno’,’name' 'dept’),(1,'Seott","HR"))) (iv) Specify key:value pairs separately in form of sequences : in this method one list of tuple argument is passed to dict(). These list or tuple contains individual key-value pair Example: Emp = dict([‘name’,'Victor’],[‘dept’,’sales']) Or Emp = dict(((‘name’,’john’),(‘dept’ it’), (‘sal’, 1 200)))Adding elements to Dictionary 1 You can add new element to dictionary as : 5 dictionaryName[“key"] = value © Nesting Dictionaries : you can add dictionary as value inside a dictionary. This type of dictionary known as nested dictionary. For example: Visitor = {‘Name’:'Scott’,/,Address':{*hno’:'11A/B’,'City’:'Kanpur’, *PinCode’:’208004'}, ‘Name’:’Peter’,/Address’:{‘hno’:'11B/A’/'City’:’Kanpur’,’ PinCode’:’208004' © To print elements of nested dictionary is as : >>> Visitor = {'Name''Scott’,Address''hno':'1 1A/B"/City':Kanpur’,'PinCode' '208004'}} >>> Visitor {'Name’: 'Scott’, ‘Address’: {‘hno': '114/B', ‘City’: ‘Kanpur’, 'PinCode’: "2080 04'}} >>> Visitor['Name'] "Scott" >>> Visitor['Address']['City'] _ # to access nested elements ‘Kanpur’ Updating elements in Dictionary Ll © Dictionaryname[“key”]=value >>> data={1:100, 2:200,3:300,4:200} >>> data[3]=1500 >>> data[3] # 1500Deleting elements from Dictionary 0 Eee del dictionaryName[“Key”] >>> D1 = {1:10,2:20,3:30,4:40} >>> del D1[2] >>> D1 1:10,2:20,4:40 - If you try to remove the item whose key does not exists, the python runtime error occurs. - Del D1[5] #ErrorChecking the existence of key a co We can check the existence of key in dictionary using “in” and “not in”. >>>alpha={"a":"apple","b"."boy","c":"cat","d"."dog"} >>> 'a' in alpha True >>>’e’ in alpha False >>>’e’ not in alpha True 0 If you pass “value” of dictionary to search using “in” it will return False >>>’apple’ in alpha False To search for a value we have to search in dict.values() >>>’apple’ in alpha.values()