; ? (12 | Bevyanen DIR) AKG IS rep ‘ Scuoot a UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY OWERRE pee NGIN “BRING AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY 2022/29 ARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING r 023 HARMATTAN SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS STRUCTION ATT Ey gt 801 PROCESS CONTROL 2 ' 7 EMPT LAND ANY 4 QUESTIONS ‘TIME: ALLOWED: 3H.OURS ne (oe item de Ce wy fe Na : pelo C be oaf-7 > Determi mine the overall transfer for this system in the form C(s) = a R(s) + ayU4(s) + agU5(s). b. Pres ; Pressuming the multiloop in (i) is simplified into ree GeGo6,6, G36, ee C8) = eee Ota. 7 b) Find the transie 1+ HG.Gy6,G, T+ HG.GoG,G2 ansient respons. fo changes set point Rand foe given TGs RG Gy = Gy = 1,6, = b+ ts + "fe, 8) 3 oo Ge = Tap ROS) = Yosand (s) = Yon «4 2. The transfer function of an Engineering system is given as ¥(s) _ k(s3 + b,s* + bys + b. Derive the state space representation sings“ SS @ Long :livision method Gi) State variable procedure. Comments? b, What are the expressions generally used in th any input or function? 7 3. The openloop transfer function of a unity feedbacks system is analysis of the response of this system arising from + 0.4s)(1 + 0.255) Find the restriction of K so that the closed loop system is absolutely unstable b. Determine the stability of a system: whose poles is 5° +385 + Ss* +955 + 8s? +65 +4 4. A Proportional controller is used to control « first order lag process with dead time delay. The transfer function are given as: G(s) = 10, H(s) = 5/44 105) (a) Use Bode plots to perform stability analysis for the system to determine if the control system is stable or not. 2005s ame© a By G(2 fe ‘gots LAK (PEC, Thee. 1 AW YAO WSU PebeRAD uN Hest = OGY OWERRI CH Ae se 5 erst hy OF TECHNOLOG ly 7 “MOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY een DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINE! : cE sg 0222023 MARMATTAN SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS Seat MAA A A HEMICAL PROCESS OPTIMISATIONDATE: December PT ANY 5 QUESTIONS; TIME ALLOW! HOURS o MA fi Unit respecrge® HSE 19Pes hve reactors, A,B, C, with profit margins of £35, £30, £24 per finishing, ang oe has 40 men for fabrication, 32 men for Assembling, ané Lunits of the we work for a 25 hour week. In order to remain competitive, at least 300 [SS SSctors in all must be produced every week. Using the table below: __ Time in hours for each Reactor _ A B S 2 5 = | 3 3 3 (a) Formulate the linear 7 : : Programming problem to maximize the profit (@ Marks), : Ss the number of each model to be produced each week in order to maximize the ‘arks). (bil) determine the maximum weekly profit. (4 Marks). / Qa) The total cost (i 7 7 : a can be expressed mien ‘eat) for pipeline installation and operation for incompressible fui C=C." 1 4014250 yt y24 papery ae 7 1200 eG) eS Ged tO ose Cs = Consolidated Constant = 4,938 (2) Co Cost coefficient = § 0.5938 (S/year)/|(tb,, )/(si* /(s*)}; p = density = 60;/ Ps C, = cos! coefficient =$ 5.7(D in ft); L = distance = 1000 ft;m = mass flow rate = SOIb/s; H~ viscosity = 6.72x10* ib /(ftXs);m = pump efficiency = 0.6(60% pump efficiency):Find general expressions for D* » Vand C* and also calculate D* » Vand C (10 Marks). (@2b)The monthly cost of operatinga batch reactor Cy has been modelled in terms of the number of batch cycles per month N, and the batch time per cycle, t, as:Gy = 4250Nt + 10S00N ~ 21000(W — 667¢~°S). Determine the minimum, N, t and hence Cy using any known methods (10 Marks). where C, = eam oO ORY Nak (3a)The following reaction scheme takes place in a closed, well mixed batch Roscoe K, Ae Rn Ka L Kon ‘ worn ewe ee ai Co Assuming the fotlow 2.00h-1, 4, rates 1ea of reaction ing initial © gmat py = 0.00h* me = LOOK: Cy the optimal time ‘ain the correspond Coo (Cateninte (iio) optimal value of Cx (residence) to yiek , “oncentrations at this residence time ok and Jeeves (a)Describe the two. ° Pattern Search, EDT cost of operating a reactor has been proposed to be dependent 0 Flowrate Q (AM) and the Temperature T(°C) according, to the equatio @2(T ~T9)®~ QC,a3, where a1, a; and ay are cost factors. Find the optimum \ he Hooke Volumetric Flowrate and Temperature that will minimize the operating cost (C) using tl senate and Jeeves Pattern Search with initial values of volumetric flowrate and temperature as : and 100°C respectively. Use acceleration factor of 1 and step size of 50 for both variables, ee ‘he condition thatthe minimum allowable flowrate is SOR/hr as the stopping criterion Paramet values: C, = 21b/8°; a; = 0.2 Nb jay = 0.008 N/*CE rs ay 0.05 Niflb To = 300°C 2) distinet phases involved in optimization using the 110 nthe Volumetric in: C= QCias + im values of the ~ Gai)List one (1) disadvantages of the Steepest Descent method and three (3) disadvantages of the Newton-Raphson’s method of multivariable optimization. qa (aifin multivariable optimization, the value of the Hessian Matrix can be used to distinguis Between a maximum, minimum and saddle points. Compute the value of the Hessian of the fanetion fix.y) = x? — 2xy —y at the ‘point (1,2). (Sb) Enumerate the dynamic programming technique for the optimization of full-scale Chemical processing plants, (6a) Let us consider a liquid-phase chemical reaction between two immiscible reactants A and B. ‘The reaction mechanism is: A +B» C+ D; where C is miseible with A and D is miscible with B. The overall kinetics is assumed to be: -r eats =kC4Cp. It is assumed that there is Hanplete mixing in each reactor and thatthe rate is controlled by the chemical reaction only. In {fe above equation Cy and Cy are the concentrations of A and B in the completely mixed system, The reaction is caried out in a sequence of three stirred tank reactors connected in series with equimolar feed of A and B flowing concurrently Using dynamic programming, develop the objective function for optimal allocation of reactor volumes to achieve a specified degree of conversion. . 2X (©) Highlight the procedures for computer implementations to achieve 90% degree of conversion for 10 mol feed of each reactant, and show the first three iterations ~ (7a)What are the conditions necessary in NLP with equality and inequality constraints (bi) Form the Langrangian function, functionf (x) = xf +23 + 4xyx, Subject to x; + x2 =8 set up the necessary condition and maximize the (bil) Max f(x) In@e, + 1) +x, Subjectto 2x +%, <3 .xxm> 0 hy el. : Orr — f he} nN Pa Te.Fesleral Unversity of Teshnology Overt engine Deptt 3022202 tama Sener Ea SHESIL-INDusTRIAL PROCESS PLANT ePvnATION® AND MANAGEME! trations: Answer Five (6) Questions oly Tine Allowed Shows 1G) Starting with » natural nthe commer 2(@) Briefly discuss Production using (i) the choice of ‘coke (i) natural gas (7mks) Solver sefK0 SNE 8 Brie classification Process route in the production of synthesis gas for ammonia of petrochemical ii) Eaton ne) ae : (Explain he proton of fomatdenc oy methanol Arie @ aha of Process flow diagram, discuss the ‘manufacture of the following (i) Phthalic Gi) Mai : ‘anby ride (3) Malcie anhydride (i) arson v 4(@) With the aid of a block iagram discuss the cement manufacturing via wet process (7mks) se ©) The production of Portland cement undergoes various stages based on the temperature of ‘the & Inaterials within the rotary kiln. Diseuse these stages, highlighting the temperazure, chemical gz Stim ss involved and the fur (4) suai compos tata ‘pa cement (mks) SG) Discuss the effect ofthe following factors: Temperature, pressure and concentration of reactants on the Production of sulphuric acd using contact pve (mks). (IG) Give five (5) industria) ‘spplications of ascarite ji) briefly outline ten (10) properties of lye rks) % (a) Explain the process of alkaline hydrolysis of fat highlighting the process equations (1 1mks) (©) What is causticing (mks) ot c 7 Malay 4 ka Foy lao Pedy Ee = Vv " CHs Ry sales generation, highlighting the concept and factors that (b) Pollution from e he i 5 om conventional th Ca eee on the effects of atleast five of those Shee is due to emission of some poisonous gases: name = —. : marl AAME Geet (a) Write short note on the it following energy transport processes (i) Electromagnetic radiation (ii) Latent heat Convection (iv) Conduction (b) State si : ans £m i@amarks) io Me ieeraeeee Properties of Phase change materials used for thermal storage (@ marks) duct is 2m, width is 8 on or heater uct of rectangular cross-section at a rate of 1.15 kg/min. The length of th. Goes a = ight is 1.2 em. The air is heated from 27°C to 77°C passing through the duct. Aides open ttt duct from the information given (ji) Find the pressure drop passing throug] Theater? Take P = 0.998 ke/m? and M = 2.075 x 10 Ning s vs (7 marks) (2 marks) (b) Discuss: the assembly and Principles of operation of a nuclear reactor ic Vs a ee = (2) @) What is the energy released when two deuterium nuclei fuse together o form Heliuth nucleus, given that the binding energies per nucleon of H, and $He are 1.1 and 7 MeV respectively? x © a G marks) (i) Distinguish between nuclear fission and radioactive decay. Tsou A marks) (b) (i) Explain how an incinerator is more preferred over other waste management techniques (4 marks) Mary y te a) OTE 28 Firs) ii) List and explain 3 types of incinerator a sat 7. (a) Explain in details coal coking process, including its safety measures required “7 (b) List 10 factors that Affect coal cokeability (©) List five classes of coal and its industrial applications © kok best of Fares driv -.* - © eee Kepe Wy det cledd be aN he op 2 t a _ ete ell Helbe oS Plt cat under super Gott phere laze oo