Republic of the Philippines

Camarines Sur Polytechnic College

Nabua, Camarines Sur

PRINCIPLES OF REFRIGERATION

JOB REPORT

IN

PRINCIPLES OF REFRIGERATION

Name: SISNO, STEVE DOMINIC PRADES

Course: ME – 3
Job Number: 3
Description: THE BASIC REFRIGERATION CYCLE
Date Started: Date Finished:
Grade: Remarks:
Instructor: ENGR. SAUL J. EBONITE, PME

I – Learning Objectives

At the end of this activity you are expected to:

1. Identify the basic components of Refrigeration system;
2. Learn the basic processes occurring in each of these parts and understand the principles
behind the cooling process;
3. Visualize the system in the form of a schematic diagram and;
4. Identify which parts of the system have the high and low pressure and temperature
during normal operation.
II – Overview

One of the most important skills a refrigeration and air conditioning technician should
have is a skill on working soft copper tubings.

The four basic components of a refrigeration system e,I, the compressor, condenser,
expansion device and the evaporator obviously are connected by copper tubes. It serves as line
where the refrigerant, the cooling medium, flows to arrive at these four basic components.

In this job, you are to perform actual practice on how to work soft copper tubings. This
will enable you to learn technique of how to cut, flare, swage, bend and braze soft copper tubes
by making an actual project designed and as shown in Part V (Working Drawings and Sketches)
in this job report.

III – Learning Aids

1. Refrigerator Trainer Set

1
IV – Procedures

1. Have yourself familiarized with the different parts and attachment of the trainer.

2. Be sure that the power main switch is set to off at horizontal position.

3. Plug in the trainer’s power cord.

4. Swing in the main switch lever to NORMAL operation. All pressure gages
should read about 100 psi. If the readings are not equal, wait about 15 minutes for
the low and high-pressure sides to equal.

5. Push ON the green button of the magnetic contractor switch. The red light
indicator must list and the compressor motor must be running.

6. Take note of the pressure and thermometer gages reading after 30 minutes
of operation.

V – Sketch/ Working Drawing

1. The Refrigeration Trainer

1. HEAT EXCHANGER

2. EVAPORATOR

3. SOLENOID VALVE

4. OIL SEPARATOR

5. ACCUMULATOR

6. CAPILLARY TUBE

7. FILTER

V.1.7.1. PRESSURE BEFORE EVAPORATOR

V.1.7.2. AUTOMATIC EXPANSION VALVE

8. SUCTION PRESSURE GAGE

9. PRESSURE AFTER EVAPORATOR

10. COMPRESSOR

11. CONDENSER

12. DISCHARGE PRESSURE GAGE

13. THERMAL EXPANSION VALVE

14. SIGHT GLASS

2
15. REFRIGERANT PUM

3
 2. Schematic Diagram of a Refrigeration Cycle

VI – Practical Questions

1. What is Refrigeration?
- refrigeration is a process that involves removing heat from a space or object to
lower its temperature. This is typically done using a refrigeration system that
utilizes a refrigerant to transfer heat from the desired area to the surroundings.

2. Define Refrigerant.
- a refrigerant is a substance or fluid used in a refrigeration system that undergoes
phase changes (from liquid to gas and vice versa) to transfer heat. It absorbs
heat from the area being cooled and releases it in another location. Common
refrigerants include R-134a, R-410A, and R-22.

3. What processes makes the refrigeration system produce cold temperature in

the evaporator?
- the refrigeration system produces cold temperatures in the evaporator through a
process called evaporation. The liquid refrigerant, when passed through the
evaporator, absorbs heat from the surrounding space or object, causing it to
evaporate and turn into a gas. This evaporation process extracts heat, resulting
in lower temperatures in the evaporator.

4. What is the purpose of the accumulator?

- is to prevent liquid refrigerant from reaching the compressor. It acts as a storage
vessel for refrigerant returning from the evaporator, ensuring that only vapor is
sent to the compressor. It helps protect the compressor from damage that can
be caused by liquid refrigerant.

5. What part of the system makes the cooling medium circulates?

- the part of the system that makes the cooling medium circulate is the
compressor. The compressor is responsible for compressing the refrigerant
vapor, increasing its pressure and temperature. This compressed vapor then
flows through the system, transferring heat and causing the refrigerant to

4
condense into a liquid.

5
6. Why is it the condenser usually painted black?
- because is usually painted black to enhance heat transfer. The black color absorbs
more heat from the surroundings, increasing the efficiency of the condenser in
releasing heat to the environment. This helps in the overall cooling process of
the refrigeration system.

7. Why does the suction and discharge pressure gages equalize during the off
cycle of the system?
- the suction and discharge pressure gauges equalize during the off cycle of the
system due to the equalization of pressures in the system. When the compressor
is not running, the pressures in the system become balanced, leading to equal
readings on the gauges.

8. What do you think will happen if liquid refrigerant enters the suction side of
the compressor?
- if liquid refrigerant enters the suction side of the compressor, it can cause
damage to the compressor. The compressor is designed to handle vapor, not
liquid. Liquid refrigerant can cause hydraulic lock, damaging the compressor's
valves and internals. It is important for the compressor to receive only vapor
refrigerant to ensure proper functioning and longevity.

9. What is the purpose of soldering the capillary tube to the suction line of a
domestic refrigeration system?
- soldering the capillary tube to the suction line of a domestic refrigeration system
helps to ensure a secure and leak-free connection. The capillary tube is
responsible for regulating the flow of refrigerant into the evaporator. Soldering
provides a strong bond between the capillary tube and the suction line,
preventing refrigerant leaks and maintaining the system's efficiency.

10. What is the purpose of the filter/dryer?

- is to remove moisture, contaminants, and impurities from the refrigeration
system. It acts as a filter, trapping particles and debris, and also contains a
desiccant material that absorbs moisture. This helps to maintain the cleanliness
of the system, prevent clogs, and protect components such as the expansion
valve from damage.