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Problem Solving Agents

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
9 views15 pages

Problem Solving Agents

Uploaded by

vishal.n.pattar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Problem Solving Agents

AI

By: Janavi Pattar


Problem-solving agent

 A kind of goal-based agent – Choose their actions in order to achieve


Goals.
 This Allows the Agent to a way of Choosing among Multiple Possibilities,
selecting the one which reaches a Goal states.
 It Requires Searching and Planning Techniques. E.g., GPS – Finding a path
to certain Destination.
 It solves problem by,
 finding sequences of actions that lead to desirable states (goals)
 To solve a problem,
 the first step is the goal formulation, based on the current situation
Problem Solving Agents :

 • Intelligent Agent are Supposed to “ To Maximize their Performance


Measure ”
 Achievement : It can Adopt a Goal and Aim at Satisfying
Steps performed by problem solving
agent
1. Goal Formation

 It is the first and simplest step in problem-solving, it organizes the


steps/sequence required to formulate one of the multiple goals
2. Problem Formulation

 It is the most important step of problem-solving which decides what


actions should be taken to achieve the formulated goal.
 Initial State: it is the starting state of the agent towards its goal. (1 2 3,b 4
6,7 5 7)
 Actions: It is the possible actions available to the agent. (Left, Right, Up,
Down)
 Goal Test: It determines if the given state is a goal state (1 2 3, 4 5 6,7 8 b)
 Path Cost: it assigns a numeric cost to each path that follows the goal.
Cost 1 per action
3. Search Solution

 It identifies all the best possible sequence of actions to reach the goal
state from the current state
4. Execution

 It executes the best optimal solution from the searching algorithms to


reach the goal state from the current stat.
 An optimum solution has the lowest past cost among all the solutions.
Well-defined problems and solutions

A problem is defined by 5 components:


 Initial state
 Actions
 Transition model or (Successor functions)
 Goal Test.
 Path Cost.
Well-defined problems and solutions

 The initial state


 that the agent starts in

 The set of possible action


 Transition model: description of what each action does. (successor functions):
refer to any state reachable from given state by a single action
 Initial state, actions and Transition model define the state space
 the set of all states reachable from the initial state by any sequence of actions.

 A path in the state space:


 any sequence of states connected by a sequence of actions.
Well-defined problems and solutions

 The goal test


 Applied to the current state to test
 if the agent is in its goal

 Sometimes there is an explicit set of possible goal states. (example: in Amman).


 Sometimes the goal is described by the properties
 instead of stating explicitly the set of states

 Example: Chess
 the agent wins if it can capture the KING of the opponent on next move ( checkmate).
 no matter what the opponent does
Well-defined problems and solutions

 A Path Cost function,


 assigns a numeric cost to each path
 = performance measure
 denoted by g
 to distinguish the best path from others
 Usually, the path cost is the sum of the step costs of the individual actions (in the action
list)
Formulating problem

 Abstraction
 the process to take out the irrelevant information
 leave the most essential parts to the description of the states ( Remove detail
from representation)
 Conclusion: Only the most important parts that are contributing to searching are
used
Any
Questions?
Thank
You

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