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Lecture 1 Fundamental Concepts

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13 views30 pages

Lecture 1 Fundamental Concepts

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sysybituin27
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STATICS OF RIGID

BODIES
LECTURE 1 SRBN01E
DREXSIBAL
OBJECTIVES
After the lecture, the students
must be able to:
 Define the science of mechanics
and examine its fundamental
principles.
OBJECTIVES
After the lecture, the students
must be able to:
 Discuss and compare the
International System of Units and
U.S. Customary Units.
OBJECTIVES
After the lecture, the students must be able to:
 Discuss how to approach the solution of
mechanics problems, and introduce the SMART
problem-solving methodology.
 Examine factors that govern numerical
accuracy in the solution of a mechanics
problem.
General Principles
SRBN01E: STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
DREX SIBAL
PHYSICS VS ENGINEERING
PHYSICS - is the science that relates the properties of
matter and energy, excluding biological and chemical
effects. It includes the study of mechanics,*
thermodynamics, electricity and magnetism, and nuclear
physics.
ENGINEERING - is the application of the mathematical and
physical sciences (physics, chemistry, and biology) to the
design and manufacture of items that benefit humanity.
MECHANICS VS ENGINEERING
MECHANICS
MECHANICS - is a branch of the physical sciences
that is concerned with the state of rest or motion of
bodies that are subjected to the action of forces.

ENGINEERING MECHANICS - involves the


application of the principles of mechanics to solve
real-time engineering problems.
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
 The earliest recorded writings in mechanics are those of
Archimedes (287–212 B.C.)
 Laws of vector combination of forces by Stevinus (1548–1620)
 The first investigation of a dynamics problem is credited to Galileo
(1564–1642)
 The accurate formulation of the laws of motion, as well as the law
of gravitation, was made by Newton (1642–1727)
Substantial contributions to the development of mechanics were
also made by da Vinci, Varignon, Euler, D’Alembert, Lagrange,
Laplace, and others.
BRANCHES OF MECHANICS
MDBN03E
DEFORMABLE
SOLID
RIGID

MECHANICS STATICS DYNAMICS


SRBN01E DRBN02E

FLUID
MKEL43E/HYDL01E
RIGID BODY MECHANICS
Rigid-body mechanics is divided into two areas:
statics and dynamics.
STATICS - deals with the equilibrium of bodies,
that is, those that are either at rest or move with
a constant velocity.
DYNAMICS is concerned with the accelerated
motion of bodies.
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
BASIC QUANTITIES
Length
Time
Mass
Force
BASIC QUANTITIES

QUANTITY SI ENGLISH
LENGTH m, meter ft, feet
MASS g, gram slugs
TIME s, seconds s, seconds
FORCE kg*m/sq.s, Newton (N) lbs, pounds
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
Idealizations are used in mechanics in order to simplify application of the theory.

SPACE TIME
MASS FORCE
RIGID BODY PARTICLE
CONCENTRATED FORCE
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
Space is the geometric region occupied by bodies whose positions
are described by linear and angular measurements relative to a
coordinate system.
Time is the measure of the succession of events and is a basic
quantity in dynamics.
Mass is a measure of the inertia of a body, which is its resistance to a
change of velocity. Mass can also be thought of as the quantity of
matter in a body. The mass of a body affects the gravitational
attraction force between it and other bodies.
FORCE
Force is the action of one body on
another. A force tends to move a body
in the direction of its action. The action
of a force is characterized by its
magnitude, by the direction of its
action, and by its point of application.
Effects of Forces on Bodies
EXTERNAL
Development of forces at surfaces
of contact between (REACTIONS)
Change in the state of motion of
the body (ACCELERATION)
FORCE
INTERNAL
Development of
internal forces
Deformation
PARTICLE
A particle has a mass, but a size that can be neglected.
When a body is idealized as a particle, the principles of mechanics
reduce to a rather simplified form since the geometry of the body
will not be involved in the analysis of the problem.
RIGID BODY
A rigid body can be considered as a combination of a large number of particles in which all the
particles remain at a fixed distance from one another, both before and after applying a load.
Six Fundamental Principles
 The Parallelogram law for the Addition
of Forces
 The Principle of Transmissibility
 Newton’s Three Fundamental Laws
 Newton’s Law of Gravitation
The Parallelogram law for the Addition of
Forces
This states that the two forces acting on
a particle may be replaced by a single
force called their resultant, obtained by
drawing the diagonal of the
parallelogram which has sides equal to
the given forces.
The Principle of Transmissibility
This states that the conditions of equilibrium or
of motion of a rigid body will remain unchanged
if a force acting at a given point of the rigid body
is replaced by a force of the same magnitude
and same direction, but acting at a different
point, provided that the two forces have the
same line of action.
NEWTON’S THREE LAWS OF MOTION
First Law
Second Law
Third Law
NEWTON’S LAW OF GRAVITATIONAL
ATTRACTION
WEIGHT
SW1
1. Wood has a density of 4.70 slug/ft3. What is its density in
SI units (kg/cu.m)?
2. If a car is travelling at 55 mph, determine its speed in kph
and m/s.
3. A rocket has a mass of 250 x 103 slugs on earth. Specify
A. its mass in SI units
Weight in SI Units

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