Bearing Selection
Bearing is a device that supports load and
reduces the friction of motion between
moving machine parts.
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Classification of Bearings
1. Depending upon the direction of load to be supported.
The bearings under this group are classified as:
(a)Radial bearings,
In radial bearings, the load acts
perpendicular to the direction of motion
of the moving element.
(b)Thrust bearings.
In thrust bearings, the load acts along
the axis of rotation
Note : These bearings may move in
both directions 3
Load on the Bearings
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Thrust bearings. Radial bearings
2. Depending upon the nature of contact:
The bearings under this group are classified as:
(a) Sliding contact bearings or plain bearings ( Journal bearing).
In sliding contact bearings, the sliding takes place along the surfaces of
contact between the moving element and the fixed element.
(b) Rolling contact bearings or anti-friction bearings
In rolling contact bearings, the steel balls or rollers, are interposed
between the moving and fixed elements. The balls offer rolling friction
at two points for each ball or roller.
Bearing Materials
Metals and Alloys Non- Metal
(1)Bronze (1) Wood
(2)Cast Iron (2) Rubber
(3)Steel (3) Plastics
(4)Silver
(5)Copper based alloys
(6)Aluminum Based
materials
Advantages and Disadvantages of Rolling Contact
Bearings Over Sliding Contact Bearings
Advantages
1. Low starting and running friction except at very high speeds.
2. Ability to withstand momentary shock loads.
3. Accuracy of shaft alignment.
4. Low cost of maintenance, as no lubrication is required while in service.
5. Small overall dimensions.
6. Reliability of service.
7. Easy to mount and erect.
8. Cleanliness.
Disadvantages
1. More noisy at very high speeds.
2. Low resistance to shock loading.
3. More initial cost.
4. Design of bearing housing complicated.
Rolling or Anti- friction ball bearing
Used rolling element between moving
parts.
Due to less contact area rolling friction is
much lesser than the sliding friction ,
hence these bearings are also known as
antifriction bearing.
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Types Of Rolling Bearings
Ball bearing:
A bearing is type of rolling element bearing which
uses balls to maintain the separation between the
moving parts of the bearing. The purpose of a ball
bearing is to reduce rotational friction and support
axial and radial loads.
Roller bearing:
Roller bearing use cylinder of greater length than
diameter. It is typically have higher radial load
capacity than ball bearing, but in low axial capacity
and higher friction.
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Bearing Parts
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Ball And Roller Bearings
Races and balls are high carbon chrome steel (to provide resistance to
wear) machined and highly polished and hardened.
The cages are made of low-carbon steel. 13
Types of rolling bearings
A. Deep groove ball bearings G. Spherical roller bearings
B. Angular contact ball bearings H. Toroidal roller bearings
C. Self-aligning ball bearings I. Thrust ball bearings
D. Cylindrical roller bearings J. Cylindrical roller thrust bearings
E. Needle roller bearings K. Needle roller thrust bearings
F. Taper roller bearings L. Spherical roller thrust bearings
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A A B B C
D E F G H
I J K L
Ball and Roller Bearing Selection
The dynamic equivalent radial load (W ) for radial and angular contact
bearings, under combined constant radial load (WR) and constant axial
or thrust load (WA) is given by
W = (X.V.WR + Y.WA ) KS
The values of radial load factor (X ) and axial or thrust load factor (Y )
for the dynamically loaded bearings may be taken from the following
table:
In order to select a most suitable ball bearing, first of all, the basic
dynamic radial load is calculated. It is then multiplied by the service
factor (KS) to get the design basic dynamic radial load capacity. The
service factor for the ball bearings is shown in the
following table.
