NCERT Exemplar Solutions For Class 12

Physics
Chapter 5 - Magnetism and Matter

Exercise

Multiple Choice Questions-I

5.1 A Toroid of n turns, mean radius R and cross-sectional radius a carries

current I. It is placed on a horizontal table taken as x-y plane. Its magnetic
moment m

(a) is non-zero and points in the z-direction by symmetry.



(b) points along the axis of the toroid M  m . 
1
(c) is zero, otherwise there would be a field falling as at large distances
r3
outside the toroid.

(d) is pointing radially outwards.

Ans: In the above case, since we know that there is no magnetic field existing
outside the toroid. Hence the magnetic field falls very rapidly outside because it
is inversely proportional to the third power of distance from the centre of the
given toroid.

Using the Ampere's circuital law, we can say that there is no current outside
hence no magnetic moment exists at the outside.

Hence, the correct answer is (c).

5.2 The magnetic field of Earth can be modelled by that of a point dipole
placed at the centre of the Earth. The dipole axis makes an angle of 11.3°
with the axis of Earth. In Mumbai, declination is nearly zero. Then,

(a) the declination varies between 11.3° W to 11.3° E.

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(b) the least declination is 0°.

(c) the plane defined by the dipole axis and Earth's axis passes through
Greenwich.

(d) declination averaged over Earth must be always negative.

Ans: Given that, the axis of dipole is tilted 11.3° with axis of earth by 11.3° at
both sides, i.e. east and west

Hence, this declination varies from the direction of East to West from both sides
by 11.3° on the earth’s surface.

Therefore, the correct answer is (a)

5.3 In a permanent magnet at room temperature

(a) magnetic moment of each molecule is zero.

(b) the individual molecules have non-zero magnetic moment which are all
perfectly aligned.

(c) domains are partially aligned.

(d) domains are all perfectly aligned.

Ans: At room temperature, a permanent magnet behaves like a ferromagnetic

substance where its domains are permanently partially aligned.

Hence, the correct answer is (c).

5.4 Consider the two idealized systems: (i) a parallel plate capacitor with
large plates and small separation and (ii) a long solenoid of length L >> R,
radius of cross-section. In (i) E is ideally treated as a constant between
plates and zero outside. In (ii) magnetic field is constant inside the solenoid
and zero outside. These idealized assumptions, however, contradict
fundamental laws as below:

(a) case (i) contradicts Gauss’s law for electrostatic fields.

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(b) case (ii) contradicts Gauss’s law for magnetic fields.

(c) case (i) agrees with  E  dl  0 .

s

(d) case (ii) contradicts  H  dl   .

Ans: Here, according to the Gauss’s law of electrostatic field, we have

q
 E  ds  
s
0
. In this case, the electric field lines do not form a continuous path,

hence it does not contradict with the electrostatic field. Also, according to
Gauss’s law of magnetic field, we have  s B  ds  0 . Now since there is a
magnetic field formed inside the solenoid, and no field outside the solenoid that
is carrying current, but the magnetic field lines are forming closed paths.
Therefore, it contradicts the magnetic field.

Hence, the correct answer is (b).

5.5 A paramagnetic sample shows a net magnetisation of 8 Am 1 when

placed in an external magnetic field of 0.6T at a temperature of 4K. When
the same sample is placed in an external magnetic field of 0.2 T at a
temperature of 16K, the magnetisation will be-
32
(a) Am 1
3

2
(b) Am 1
3

(c) 6 Am 1

(d) 2.4 Am 1

Ans: According to Curie's law, the magnetization of a paramagnetic material is

directly proportional to the applied magnetic field. Also, if the material is
heated, the magnetization becomes inversely proportional to the given
B
temperature, i.e. I ∝
T

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 I 2 B2T1
Therefore, we can write the ratio of the two magnetizations as 
I1 B1T2

B2T1  0.2   4 2
That gives us, I  I1  8   0.66 Am1
B1T2  0.6  16 3
Hence, the correct answer is (b)

Multiple Choice Questions-II (More than one option)

5.6 S is the surface of a lump of magnetic material.

(a) Lines of B are necessarily continuous across S.

(b) Some lines of B must be discontinuous across S.

(c) Lines of H are necessarily continuous across S.

(d) Lines of H cannot all be continuous across S.

Ans: Magnetic field lines are continuous lines hence they are continuous across
S. Also, the lines of magnetic intensity H vary inside and outside so they cannot
all be continuous across S.

Hence, the correct answers are (a) and (d).

5.7 The primary origin(s) of magnetism lies in

(a) atomic currents.

(b) Pauli exclusion principle.

(c) polar nature of molecules.

(d) intrinsic spin of electron.

Ans: Magnetic fields are generally formed due to the magnetic effect of electric
current which happens due to the revolution and spin of electrons around the
nucleus.

Hence, the correct answers are (a) and (d).

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5.8 A long solenoid has 1000 turns per metre and carries a current of 1 A.
It has a soft iron core of r  1000 . The core is heated beyond the Curie
temperature, Tc .

(a) The H field in the solenoid is (nearly) unchanged but the B field
decreases drastically.

(b) The H and B fields in the solenoid are nearly unchanged.

(c) The magnetisation in the core reverses direction.

(d) The magnetisation in the core diminishes by a factor of about 108 .

Ans: We are given that, r  1000 and n  1000

Now, we have H  nI  1000 1  1000 Amp

That means H is constant.

Now since we can write B  0 r nI   0 nI  r  K r

Hence, B ∝ r

Now according to the Curie’s law, ferromagnetic substances start to behave like
paramagnetic substances if heated above the Curie temperature.

Now we have, susceptibility of  X m  ferro  103 and  X m  para  105

B1 x2 105
Therefore,   3  108
B2 x1 10

That gives B1  108 B2

Hence, the correct answers are (a) and (d).

5.9 Essential difference between electrostatic shielding by a conducting

shell and magnetic shielding is due to

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(a) electrostatic field lines can end on charges and conductors have free
charges.

(b) lines of B can also end but conductors cannot end them.

(c) lines of B cannot end on any material and perfect shielding is not
possible.

(d) shells of high permeability materials can be used to divert lines of B

from the interior region.

Ans: The lines of electrostatic fields can be stopped by conductors giving

shielding effect due to their free charge particles. Also, the magnetic field lines
cannot be stopped or shielded but they are affected by magnetic material
because they can be repelled using a high permeability magnetic material.

Hence, the correct answers are (a), (c) and (d).

5.10 Let the magnetic field on earth be modelled by that of a point

magnetic dipole at the centre of earth. The angle of dip at a point on the
geographical equator

(a) is always zero.

(b) can be zero at specific points.

(c) can be positive or negative.

(d) is bounded.

Ans: At its equatorial plane of dipole, the resultant magnetic field due to dipole
will be zero but not on the geographical equator. Also, it can be positive and
negative but it is bounded.

Hence, the correct answers are (b), (c) and (d).

Very Short Answer Type Questions

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5.11 A proton has spin and magnetic moment just like an electron. Why
then its effect is neglected in magnetism of materials?
1
Ans: The ratio of magnetic moments of proton and electron is , i.e. it is
1836
very less compared to the magnetic moment of an electron and hence it is
neglected in magnetism of materials.

5.12. A permanent magnet in the shape of a thin cylinder of length 10 cm

has M  106 A / m . Calculate the magnetisation current I M .

Ans: Given that, M  106 A / m and l  10cm  0.1m

Hence we have, I M  Ml  106  0.1  105 A

5.13 Explain quantitatively the order of magnitude difference between the

diamagnetic susceptibility of N 2   5  109  (at STP) and Cu   105  .

Ans: The ratio of densities of Nitrogen and Copper is given by,

Now since we know that the susceptibility of a diamagnetic material is given by

I
the intensity of magnetization divided by its magnetizing force, i.e. x 
H

Also, magnetic intensity is defined as the magnetic moment per unit volume of
M
the magnetised material, hence I 
V

M
Now, that gives us the expression of susceptibility as x 
HV

m M
Also, V  so we have x  
 Hm

Hence, x ∝  i.e. the diamagnetic susceptibility is directly proportional to the

density of a material.

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Also by the given data, we can write the ratio of their diamagnetic
xN 5  109
susceptibilities as,  5
 5  104
xCu 10

Therefore, this major difference is due to their difference in densities.

5.14 From the molecular view point, discuss the temperature dependence of
susceptibility for diamagnetism, Paramagnetism and ferromagnetism.

Ans: The susceptibility of diamagnetism is not much affected by temperature

because the direction of external magnetic field H and magnetism M due to
orbital motion of electrons of diamagnetic substance are opposite so net
magnetism becomes zero.

The net magnetism is increased and is much affected by temperature in

paramagnetic and ferromagnetic material because the direction of magnetism
due to orbital motion of electrons and the external applied field are in the same
direction.

5.15 A ball of superconducting material is dipped in liquid nitrogen and

placed near a bar magnet.

(i) In which direction will it move?

(ii) What will be the direction of its magnetic moment?

Ans: Both liquid nitrogen and any superconducting material are diamagnetic in
nature and they remain diamagnetic when mixed together. Hence, when
superconducting material dipped in liquid nitrogen comes across an external
magnetic field then it will be repelled by that external magnetic field.

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Therefore, the direction of motion will be opposite to the direction of the
magnet.

Also, from the above figure we can say that the direction of the magnetic
moment of the diamagnetic particle is opposite to the direction of the magnetic
field induced by the bar magnet.

Short Answer Type Questions

5.16 Verify the Gauss’s law for magnetic field of a point dipole of dipole

moment m at the origin for the surface which is a sphere of radius R.
 
Ans: According to the Gauss’s law of magnetism, we have  B  d s  0
s


The magnetic moment (m) of a dipole at the origin O is given by m  mk

Now consider a point P at a distance r from the origin O and OP makes an angle
 with the z-axis.
 
Also, component of m along OP is equal to m cos  .

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Where r is the radius of the sphere with centre ‘O’ lying in the X-Y-Z plane.
Centre at origin.

Now, we can write the magnetic field of induction at point P due to the dipole

of moment m cos  as,

 2m cos  
B 0  r
4 r3

Now if we take an elementary area ds at P then we have,


 d s  r  r sin   d 
r  r 2 sin  d 
r

Hence,

  0 2m cos   2

 s B  d s   s 4  r 3 r  r sin  d r
 
Or

   m 2
 s B  d s  4 r 0 2sin  cos d
 0

That gives us,

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 
   m 2
 s B  d s  4 r 0 sin 2 d
 0

Or,
  0
 Bds 
  cos 0  1
s 4 r  2

That is,
  0
 Bds 
  1  1
s 4 r  2

Hence,
 
 Bds  0

s

This proves the Gauss’s law of magnetism.

5.17 Three identical bar magnets are riveted together at centre in the same
plane as shown in Fig. 5.1. This system is placed at rest in a slowly varying
magnetic field. It is found that the system of magnets does not show any
motion. The north-south poles of one magnet is shown in the Fig. 5.1.
Determine the poles of the remaining two.

Ans: The given system of magnets is not showing any motion. This is possible
only when each pole of these magnets is attracted by another magnet by both

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sides equally so that they do not move in one direction. When they are attracted
by both sides with equal forces then they cannot move in any direction. Hence
the accurate position of the other two magnets can be shown by the figure given
below.

5.18 Suppose we want to verify the analogy between electrostatic and

magnetostatic by an explicit experiment. Consider the motion of
 
(i) electric dipole p in an electrostatic field E and
 
(ii) magnetic dipole m in a magnetic field B . Write down a set of
   
conditions on E , B , p , m so that the two motions are verified to be
identical. (Assume identical initial conditions.)
 
Ans: Let the angle between m and B be 

Then the torque on magnetic dipole in a magnetic field B is given by

   mB sin  ...(1)
 
Similarly, if the angle between p and E is 

Then the torque on electric dipole in a electric field E is given by

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 
  '  pE sin  ...(2)

Now if  '  

Then
 
 mB sin   pE sin 

That gives,
 
 mB  pE
 
Since, E  cB

Hence,
 
 mB  pcB

That gives us,


 m
 p 
c
 
That is the required relation between m and p


5.19 A bar magnet of magnetic moment m and moment of inertia I (about
centre, perpendicular to length) is cut into two equal pieces, perpendicular
to length. Let T be the period of oscillations of the original magnet about an
axis through the mid point, perpendicular to length, in a magnetic field B.
What would be the similar period T′ for each piece?

Ans: Since the magnet is cut into two equal parts, hence the magnetic moment
m l
of each part is m '  and length and mass of the each part will be l '  and
2 2
M
M'
2

I Ml 2
Also the original time period will be T  2 where I 
mB 12

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 2
 M  l 
  
Therefore I '     
2 2 Ml 2
12 8  12

I' 1 m m 2
That gives us  and also  
I 8 m' m 1
2

Now,

I
2
T mB  Im '
 
T' I' I 'm
2
m'B

That is,

T 8 1
    42
T' 1 2

Hence,

 T  2T '

And,
T
T'
2

 
5.20 Use (i) the Ampere’s law for H and (ii) continuity of lines of B , to

conclude that inside a bar magnet, (a) lines of H run from the N-pole to S-

pole, while (b) lines of B must run from the S-pole to N-pole.

Ans: Let PQNS be a magnet. Now consider an Amperian loop C inside and
outside the magnet NS on side PQ of the magnet.

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 
  P B 
Q

We can write,  H  dl    dl
P Q
0

  P B 
Q

Since is greater than 0 here, therefore  H  dl    dl  0 i.e. positive.

P Q
0

Therefore, the value of magnetic field must vary from south pole to north pole
inside the magnet.
 
Now according to Ampere’s law, we have  H  dl  0
PQP

  Q   P  

Or,  H  dl   H  dl   H  dl  0
PQP P Q

 Q P  
Now since  H  dl  0 outside the magnet and
P
 H  dl  0 inside the magnet, it is
Q

due to the angle between H and dl which is greater than inside the magnet
so is negative.

It states that the lines of H are running from north pole to south pole.

Long Answer Type Questions

5.21 Verify the Ampere’s law for magnetic field of a point dipole of dipole

moment m  mk . Take C as the closed curve running clockwise along

(i) the z-axis from z = a > 0 to z = R;

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(ii) along the quarter circle of radius R and centre at the origin, in the first
quadrant of x-z plane;

(iii) along the x-axis from x = R to x = a, and

(iv) along the quarter circle of radius a and centre at the origin in the first
quadrant of x-z plane.

Ans: In the figure given below, every point from P to Q on Z-axis lies on dipole
is in k direction so all points on Z-axis lies on axial dipole NS placed at origin.

Hence, the magnetic field induction (B) at a point (0, 0, z) from magnetic dipole

having centre at origin and having magnetic moment of magnitude m  mk .
 
  2m  m
 B  0  3  0 3
4 z 2 z

(i) Applying the Ampere’s law along Z axis from Z=a to Z=R i.e. from P to Q,
we get

Q  Q Q

  B  dl   B  dl cos 0   B  dz
P P P

We can write it as,

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  
Q
 m  mR
  0 3  dz  0  z 3 dz
P 2 z
2 a

That gives us,


Q   m  1 1 
  B  dl  0  2  2 
P
4  a R 

(ii) Applying the Ampere’s law along the quarter circle of radius R and centre at
the origin, in the first quadrant of x-z plane, we get


 m sin  dl
Since B  0  3 and d   dl  Rd
4 R R

Hence,


 m sin 
2
  Bdl   Bdl cos    0  Rd
0
4 R3

Or,

 m
  Bdl  0  2
4 R

(iii) Applying the Ampere’s law along the X axis from x = R to x=a

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Since all the points from S to T lie on an equatorial line of magnetic dipole N-S,

Hence magnetic field induction at a point P at a distance x from the dipole is

 
 m  mk
B 0 3  0 3
4 x 4 x

That gives us,


  a  mk  
  Bdl    0
dl
R 4 x3

Now since the angle here between dl and m is , hence


  a  m dl cos 90
0
  Bdl    0
R 4 x3

(iv)Applying the Ampere’s law along the quarter circle of radius ‘a’ and centre
at the origin in the quadrant X-Z plane, we get

Class XII Physics www.vedantu.com 18

 
0
 m sin 
  Bdl   0 ad
 4 a 3
2

Or,

 m
  Bdl  0 2   cos  
0

4 a 2

That is,

 m
  Bdl   0 2
4 a

Now the sum of magnetic fields in part (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) gives us
  
0 m  1 1  0 m  0 m
 Bdl  4  a2  R2   4 R2  0  4 a 2


That is,
   
0 m 0 m 0 m 0 m

 Bdl 
4 a 2

4 R 2
 
4 R 2 4 a 2

Hence,

 Bdl 0


Therefore, the Ampere’s law of magnetism is proved.

Class XII Physics www.vedantu.com 19

5.22 What are the dimensions of χ, the magnetic susceptibility? Consider an
H-atom. Guess an expression for χ, upto a constant by constructing a
quantity of dimensions of χ, out of parameters of the atom: e, m, v, R and
0 . Here, m is the electronic mass, v is electronic velocity, R is Bohr’s
radius. Estimate the number so obtained and compare with the value of |χ|
 105 for many solid materials.

Ans: Since the intensity of magnetization (M) and the magnetizing field (H)
M
both are having the same unit, therefore susceptibility,   has no unit and
H
dimension.
0 Idl sin 
Now, using the Biot-Savart’s law, we have dB  
4 r2

dB 4 r 2
That gives us, 0 
Idl sin 

Now since we can write   0a e2 mb vc Rd

Hence, their dimensions will be,

  M 0 L0T 0 Q0    MLQ2  Q2 M b  LT 1   L
a c d

That is,

  M 0 L0T 0 Q0   M a b La c d T c Q2a  2

That gives us, a  1, b  1, c  0, d  1

Therefore, we have   0 e2 m1 R1

That gives us,


 4  10 1.6 10 1.6 10 
7 19 19

9  10   10  10

Hence,

   3.5  10

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Now, given that  '  105

Hence we have

 3.5  10
   
' 105

That gives,

     '

5.23 Assume the dipole model for earth’s magnetic field B which is given by
0 2m cos 
vertical component of magnetic field BV   and the Horizontal
4 r3
0 m sin 
component of magnetic field BH   . θ = 90° latitude as measured
4 r3
from the magnetic equator. Find loci of points for which (i) |B| is minimum;
(ii) dip angle is zero; and (iii) dip angle is ± 45°.

Ans: Since the vertical and horizontal component of the magnetic field are
perpendicular to each other therefore, we have B2  BV 2  BH 2

  2m cos    0 m sin  
2 2

That gives us, B   0 

2
   4  r 3 
 4 r3   

Class XII Physics www.vedantu.com 21

    m2
2

Or, B   0   6 4cos2   sin 2  

2

 4  r

0 m 1
That is, B   3cos 2   1 2
4 r


Now B will be minimum when 3cos2   1 will be minimum. i.e. when   .
2


Hence, the magnetic equator lies at   from the magnetic dipole axis.
2

Now, the angle of dip will be given by,

0 2m cos 

 tan  
BV
 4 r3  2 cot 
BH 0 m sin 

4 r3

That gives us,


 tan   2cot  20  0
2

Hence,   0

Therefore, the angle of dip will lie at magnetic equator.

Now if the angle of dip is given to be 45

BV
Then we have, tan  45    
BH

Hence, BV  BH

Also, tan   2cot 

So we have tan  45    2cot 

That gives tan   2

Hence,   tan 1  2  is the locus of points where the angle of dip is 45 .

Class XII Physics www.vedantu.com 22

5.24 Consider the plane S formed by the dipole axis and the axis of earth.
Let P be point on the magnetic equator and in S. Let Q be the point of
intersection of the geographical and magnetic equators. Obtain the
declination and dip angles at P and Q.

Ans: Let point Q be the point of intersection of the geographical meridian and
the magnetic meridian.

Now in that case, the angle dip at P and Q will be zero with respect to the
horizontal as magnetic middle stays horizontally.

Now since the angle between the axis of rotation of earth and the magnetic axis
is and their respective equators are at with respect to their respective
axis.

Hence, the angle between the planes of magnetic and geographical planes will
be at P and Q both.

5.25 There are two current carrying planar coils made each from identical
wires of length L. C1 is circular (radius R) and C 2 is square (side a). They
are so constructed that they have same frequency of oscillation when they

are placed in the same uniform B and carry the same current. Find a in
terms of R.

Class XII Physics www.vedantu.com 23

Ans: Since the frequencies for both the coils are given to be same, hence we
have 1  2

2 2
Hence we can write, 
T1 T2

Or, T1  T2

I1 I2
That can be written as 2  2
m1 B m2 B

I1 I2
Or, 
m1 m2

I1 m1
That gives us,  ...(1)
I 2 m2

mR 2 ma 2
Now since we have I1  and I 2 
2 12

Given that the length of wires are same and identical hence m1  m2  m

For the circular shaped coil, we have L  2 Rn1

 m1  n1 IA1

That is,
L LIR
 m1  I R2 
2 R 2

For square shaped coil, we have L  4an2

L 2 LIa
 m2  Ia 
4a 4

Substituting all these values in equation (1) gives us,

mR 2 LIR
 22  2
ma LIa
12 4

Class XII Physics www.vedantu.com 24

That gives us,

6R2 2R
 2 
a a

Or,
R 1
 
a 3

Hence,

 a  3R

Class XII Physics www.vedantu.com 25