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Data Management

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15 views

Data Management

Uploaded by

adamslayzsword
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Management

What is Statistics?

•Statistics is the science of


conducting studies to collect,
organize, summarize,
analyze, and draw
conclusions from data.
Students study statistics for several reasons:
What is a variable?

• A variable is a characteristic or
attribute that can assume different
values.
What is a Data>

• Data are the values(measurement or observations) that the


variables can assume.
• Variables whose value are determined by chance are called
random variables.
• A collection of data values forms a data set. Each value in the
data set is called data value or a datum.
Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

• Descriptive Statistics consists of the collection, organization,


summarization, and presentation of data.
• Inferential Statistics consists of generalizing from sample to
populations, performing estimations and hypothesis tests,
determining relationships among variables, and making
predictions.
What is the difference between a population
and a sample?

• A population consists of all subjects (human or otherwise) that are


being studied.
• Sample is a group of subjects selected from a population.
• Qualitative Variables are variables that can be placed into distinct
categories, according to some characteristics or attribute:
• Gender
• Religious preferences
• Quantitative variables are numerical and can be ordered or
ranked
• Age
• Heights
• Weights
Two Groups of Quantitative Variables

• Discrete Variables – Assume values that can be counted.


• Continuous variables – can assume an infinite number of values
between any two specific values. They are obtained by measuring.
They often include fractions and decimals.
Measurement Scales

• Nominal level of Measurement – classifies data into categories in which


no order or ranking can be imposed on the data. (For classification
purposes only).
• Ordinal Level of Measurement- classifies data into categories that can be
ranked, however precise differences between ranks does not exists.
• Interval Level of Measurement – ranks data, and precise differences
between units of measure do exist, however, there is no meaningful
zero.
• Ratio Level of Measurement- possesses all the characteristics of interval
measurement, and there exists a true zero. In addition, true ratios exist
when the same variable is measured on two different members of the
population.
Sampling Method
Observational and Experimental Studies

• Observational Study, the researcher merely observes what is


happening in the past and tries to draw conclusion based on the
observation.
• Experimental Study, the researcher manipulates one of the
variables and tries to determine how the manipulation influences
other variables.
Independent and Dependent Variables
Independent and Dependent Variables
Independent and Dependent Variables
Statistical Graphs
Measures of Central Tendency
Measures of Central Tendency

• Mean
• Median
• Mode
What is Mean?
What is Mean?
What is Mean?
What is Mean?
Median
Median
Median
Median
Mode
Mode
Mode
Mode
Measures on Dispersion
Measures on Dispersion
Measures on Dispersion
Measures on Dispersion
Range
Range
Range
Range
Variance and Standard Deviation
Variance and Standard Deviation
Variance and Standard Deviation
Variance and Standard Deviation
Variance and Standard Deviation
Variance and Standard Deviation
Variance and Standard Deviation

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