DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Mandue City Division

Plaridel St., Reclamation Area, Mandaue City
9
SCIENCE
QUARTER 4 MODULE 3
WEEK 5

HEAT, WORK
AND ENERGY
 SCIENCE
QUARTER 4 MODULE 3
9
WEEK 5

HEAT, WORK
AND ENERGY

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
MANDAUE CITY DIVISION
 FOREWORD

This self-learning kit will serve as a guide in understanding the flow of heat
between two objects having different temperature. When two objects at
different temperature are put in contact, heat spontaneously flows from an
object of high temperature to the object of low temperature.
The natural flow of heat is always in the direction tending to equalize the
temperature. If the two objects are kept in contact long enough for their
temperature to become equal, the two bodies are said to be in thermal
equilibrium, and there is no further heat flow between them.
This will be your guide in knowing new ideas and enrich your previous
knowledge about the topic. This will help in explaining how heat transfer
energy and how heat can be turned to work.

LEARNING COMPETENCIES

Construct a model to demonstrate how heat can do work. S9FE-IVe-42

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

 Explain how heat transfer energy

 Make a conclusion that doing work can release energy
 Demonstrate that heat can be turned to work

WHAT I KNOW

PRE-ASSESSMENT

Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. Francis stretched a rubber band five times. After that, he observed

that the rubber band felt warm. Did the rubber band gain heat?

A. No, it is not evident

 B. Yes, the rubber band felt warm means it gained heat
C. Yes, the rubber band felt warm means it loss heat.
D. No, temperature is not related to a gain or loss of heat.

For nos. 2 – 4.

Label them as:

 Beaker I, half-filled with water on hot plate for 2.5 minutes
 Beaker II, half-filled with water on hot plate for 10 minutes
 Beaker III, full of water on hot plate for 5 minutes
 Beaker IV, full of water on hot plate for 2.5 minutes

Four identical beakers I, II, III, IV are placed on a large electrical

hot plate. I and II are half-full and III and IV are full of tap water at the
same initial temperature. I and IV are placed on the hot plate for 2.5
minutes, III is left on for 5 minutes, and II is left on for 10 minutes. The water
does not boil in any of the beakers.

2. Which one of the beakers of water will receive the most heat?

A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV

3. Which one of the beakers of water will have the lowest temperature
right after being heated?

A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV
 4. Which two beakers of water will have almost the same final
temperature after being heated?

A. I and II
B. I and III
C. I and IV
D. II and III

5. How does water from the deep well move upward??

A. It occurs naturally.
B. It uses water heat pump.
C. It is a spontaneous process.
D. It flows from higher temperature to cooler temperature.

WHAT’S IN

ACTIVITY # 1

Watch the video on YouTube entitled “Heat Can Do Work” Ruth Perkins
by ScienceMadeSimpleUK.

After watching, DIY (Do It Yourself) but be sure safety measures must be
considered like the proper way of using the cutter or pair of scissors, and also
in heating, use only a small candle. Let’s see whether you will have the same
result as what you have seen in the video. And then answer the guide questions
below.

1. When can you say that heat can do work?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

2. Is there an evidence that there’s work done by heat? If yes, what is

it?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
 3. Were you able to obtain the same result as what you have seen in
the video? Explain your answer.

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

WHAT’S NEW

The concept of the conservation of energy states that: Energy cannot

be created nor destroyed. The first Law of Thermodynamics is actually based
on this concept. It states that: the change in internal energy of the system
equals the difference between the heat taken in by the system and the work
done by the system. Internal energy of a substance is the sum of molecular
kinetic energy (due to the random motion of the molecules), the molecular
potential energy (due to forces that act between the atoms of a molecule
and between the molecules), and other kinds of molecular energy.

When heat flows in instances where the work done is negligible, the
internal energy of the hot surface decreases and the internal energy of the
cold substance increases. While heat may originate in the internal energy
supply of a substance, it is not correct to say that a substance contains heat.
The substance has internal energy, not heat. The word “heat” is used only when
referring to the energy actually in transit from hot to cold.

The law is expressed as

∆𝐔 = 𝐐 − 𝐖

Where: Q = amount of heat flowing into a system during a given process

W = the net work done by the system
∆U = the change in the system’s internal energy

This is derived from the conservation of energy given as how heat is

related to work.

𝐐 = 𝐖 + ∆𝐔

We will use Joule (J) as our SI unit for energy. The first law tells us that a
system’s internal energy can be changed by transferring energy by either
work, heat, or a combination of the two.
SAMPLE PROBLEM:

If 150 J of energy is added to a system when no external work has been

done, by how much will the thermal energy of the system be raised?
Given: Q = 150 J
W=0

Find: U, where U = is the thermal energy in Joules (J)

Solution:

U=Q−W
U = 150 J − 0
U = 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝐉

Try this,

A 120 J of energy is added to a system that does 40 J of external work.

By how much thermal energy of the system is raised?

Given: Q = ________
W = ____________

Find: _______

Solution:

U=Q−W
U=Q−W
U = _____𝐉

WHAT’S MORE
?
Heat flows normally from higher temperature to lower temperature. It is
a natural or spontaneous process. It does not require any external energy to
occur. When heat flows from lower temperature to higher temperature, it
needs mechanical energy to happen. It is called non-spontaneous process. In
doing so, work should be done. Mechanical energy is required for this to
happen. The second Law of Thermodynamics is applied here. It states that
heat will never of itself flow from a cold temperature to a hot temperature
object. The work is provided by the motor or the heat pump.
ACTIVITY # 2

Where Do I Belong?

Objective:

The learners should be able to distinguish the process as spontaneous or

non-spontaneous process.

Materials:

Illustrations / pictures of
 Drying of leaves
 Breakage of an egg
 Spoilage of food
 Cooling of water
 Waterfall
 Rice cooking

Procedure:

1. Study the illustrations given.

2. From the illustrations above, fill in the table like this:
 Spontaneous Non-spontaneous Needs work to reverse
Process Process the process

Guide Questions:

1. Which of them are Spontaneous Processes?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

2. How can we reverse the process of each of the following?

a. Drying of leaves to make them fresh again

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

b. Fixing an egg shell to make it whole

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

c. Keeping the food fresh from spoilage

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

d. Heating of water

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

e. Flowing the water back to the top

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 3. What is needed to reverse the process?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

POST-ASSESSMENT

Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. The internal energy of a system is initially 35 J. the system does 34 J of

work. What is the system’s final internal energy when a total of 46 J of
energy is added to the system by heat?

A. 47 J
B. 26 J
C. 37 J
D. 36 J

2. While a gas does 400 J of work on its surroundings, 900 J of heat is added
to the gas. What is the change in the internal energy of the gas?

A. 500 J
B. 400 J
C. 900 J
D. 300 J

3. If 500 cal of heat are added to a gas, and the gas expands doing 500 J
of work on its surroundings, what is the change in the internal energy of
the gas?

A. 1555 J
B. 5915 J
C. 5159 J
D. 1595 J

For numbers 4 – 5, consider the situation:

A beaker containing 400 g of water has 1200 J of work done on it by

stirring and 200 cal of heat added to it from a hot plate.
4. What is the change in the internal energy of the water in joules?

A. 2038 J
B. 3028 J
C. 2308 J
D. 3820 J

5. Determine the change in the internal energy of the water in calories.

A. 684 cal
B. 486 cal
C. 648 cal
D. 846 cal

6. An ideal gas is compressed without allowing any heat to flow into or out
of the gas. What will happen to the temperature of the gas in this
process?

A. The temperature increases since no heat flows during the process

B. The temperature decreases since heat flows during the process
C. The temperature remains the same since heat flows in and out on the
process
D. The temperature could not be determined since heat is absorbed
during the process

7. Is it possible to change the temperature of a glass of water by stirring the

water, even though the glass is insulated from its surroundings?

A. No, stirring will not affect the temperature of the water.

B. No, insulation prevents the change of temperature of the water.
C. Yes, stirring the water increases its internal energy causing the
increase of its temperature.
D. Yes, stirring the water decreases its internal energy causing the
decrease of its temperature.

8. Mang Fermin, a carpenter, is planning a piece of wood with his planar.

After a few minutes, he observed that it is hot. Is there an evidence of
heat transfer?

A. There is no evidence.
B. Yes, hotness means there is an increase in the temperature.
C. Yes, hotness means there is a decrease in the temperature.
D. No, hotness is not related to a change in temperature.

9. How does water from the deep well move upward?

A. It occurs naturally.
 B. It uses water heat pump.
C. It is a spontaneous process.
D. It flows from higher temperature to cooler temperature.

10. Which statement is wrong?

A. Adding the same amount of heat to two different objects will
produce the same increase in temperature.
B. Temperature measures the average kinetic energy of random
motion, but not other kinds of energy.
C. Different substances have different thermal properties due to
differences in the way energy is stored internally in the substance.
D. When the same amount of heat produces changes in temperatures
in two substances of the same mass, we say that they have different
specific heat capacities.

REFERENCES

Science Learner’s Module 9 pages 302-305, 307-308, and 318-319.

Science Teacher’s Guide 9 pages 208-2010.

ScienceMadeSimpleUK. (2015, June 11). How can we use heat to do

work? Ruth Perkins. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UHYP8N6URew.
Self-Learning Kit

Quarter 4 Module 3 (Week 5): Heat, Work and Energy

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Published by the Department of Education

Mandaue City Division

MARINA A. GARBO

Writer